1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 JOSEPH ANTHONY GEORGE, Case No. 20-cv-03244-SI
8 Plaintiff, ORDER OF DISMISSAL 9 v. Re: Dkt. Nos. 13, 14, 15 10 RALPH DIAZ, et al., 11 Defendants.
12 13 Joseph Anthony George, a prisoner at the Pelican Bay State Prison, filed this pro se civil 14 rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The court reviewed his complaint and dismissed it with leave 15 to amend; the court also denied his requests for a temporary restraining order and appointment of 16 counsel. Plaintiff has filed an amended complaint that is now before the court for review pursuant 17 to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Plaintiff also has filed a second request for a temporary restraining order and 18 second request for appointment of counsel that are now before the court for review. 19 20 BACKGROUND 21 A. Allegations of Amended Complaint 22 The amended complaint concerns prison officials’ response to Covid-19, a disease caused 23 by the novel coronavirus (also known as SARS-CoV-2). Plaintiff sues Ralph Diaz, the Secretary of 24 the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR); Clark Kelso, the “Director of 25 Medical Services Statewide”; Bill Woods, the Chief Medical Officer at Pelican Bay; and Xavier 26 Becerra, the California Attorney General. Docket No. 13 at 2. 27 The amended complaint alleges that Covid-19 has become widespread in the California 1 California prison system. Id. at 3. “All the Covid-19 hotspots are being concealed from inmates 2 and the public.” Id. There allegedly have been 25 inmates and staff members who have died, 3 hundreds of staff members who have become infected and thousands of inmates who have become 4 infected with Covid-19. Id. The CDCR allegedly has released some prisoner because inmates were 5 unable to do social distancing. Id. at 2. 6 The amended complaint further alleges that plaintiff, who has heart disease and other 7 undescribed “serous medical conditions,” is in the security housing unit (SHU) at Pelican Bay and 8 soon will reach the end of his SHU term. Id. at 3. Transferring plaintiff from a Covid-19 safe zone 9 to a Covid-19 hot spot allegedly “constitutes an unreasonable risk of future harm” to him if he 10 contracts Covid-19. Id. at 2-3. (There is no allegation that prison officials actually have a plan in 11 place to transfer plaintiff upon completion of his SHU term or otherwise at this time.) Plaintiff 12 allegedly filed two inmate appeals requesting that he be given a mask, that others wear masks, and 13 that he not be transferred; he is awaiting a final decision on his inmate appeal. Id. at 4. 14 The amended complaint does not allege any specific acts or omissions by defendants, and 15 alleges only that defendants Diaz, Kelso, Robertson, and Wood “can each implement a practice, or 16 appeal to the Governor to issue an order to stop all transfers except for emergencies or other 17 extraordinary circumstances but each defendant . . . has failed to act.” Id. at 4. 18 Plaintiff’s original complaint had alleged that defendants had no plan to prevent or treat 19 inmates or staff in the event of an outbreak of Covid-19. See Docket No. 1. He does not include 20 those allegations in his amended complaint. 21 22 B. Second Motion For Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction 23 Plaintiff has filed a second motion for a temporary restraining order (TRO) and preliminary 24 injunction seeking an order preventing his transfer “until vaccinated for Covid-19.” Docket No. 14 25 at 3. This motion is two pages in length and is unsupported by any evidence. The motion indicates 26 that plaintiff is in the middle of exhausting administrative remedies on an inmate appeal in which 27 he requested masks and to avoid transfer to another prison. 1 C. Judicially Noticed Facts 2 A court may take judicial notice of facts that are not subject to reasonable dispute because 3 they are generally known or are capable of accurate and ready determination. Fed. R. Evid. 201(b). 4 The court may take judicial notice of matters of public record, such as the existence and authenticity 5 of a document, but cannot take judicial notice of the truth of its contents. See Lee v. City of Los 6 Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689–90 (9th Cir. 2001); see, e.g., id. (court could judicially notice existence 7 of waiver of extradition and that it was signed by plaintiff, but could not judicially notice that it was 8 a valid waiver when no court had approved it). The court can take judicial notice of “public records 9 and government documents available from reliable sources on the Internet, such as websites run by 10 governmental agencies.” Gerritsen v. Warner Bros. Entm't Inc., 112 F.Supp.3d 1011, 1033 (C.D. 11 Cal. 2015) (internal quotations omitted). 12 The court takes judicial notice of two facts that illustrate that the governmental response to 13 the Covid-19 pandemic has evolved in the several months the pandemic has been in the United 14 States. First, the Centers for Disease Control first recommended the use of cloth face coverings in 15 public settings on April 3, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting- 16 sick/cloth-face-cover.html. Second, the California statewide stay-at-home order was not issued until 17 March 19, 2020. California Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-33-20 on March 19, 18 2020, directing residents to heed the Order of the State Public Health Officer dated March 19, 2020, 19 which ordered individuals living in California “to stay home or at their place of residence” with 20 certain exceptions. https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.19.20-attested-EO-N- 21 33-20-COVID-19-HEALTH-ORDER.pdf. 22 The court also takes judicial notice of materials on the CDCR’s website that reflect that the 23 CDCR has prepared plans to address the spread of Covid-19 in the California prison system. There 24 is an entire section of the CDCR’s website devoted to the Covid-19 situation and response efforts. 25 https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/. There also is a section that has been updated numerous times to 26 provide interim guidance for health care providers in the California prison system in the Covid-19 27 era. https://cchcs.ca.gov/covid-19-interim-guidance/. The CDCR’s website also includes a 1 of the Covid-19 response, including substantial limits on inmate transfers. 2 https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/wp-content/uploads/sites/197/2020/08/R-COVID-Movement- 3 Matrix.pdf?label=Movement%20Matrix&from=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/. That document 4 states at the outset: “1. To reduce the likelihood of COVID-19 spreading from one location to 5 another, movement shall be limited to that which is necessary for clinical care, medical isolation or 6 quarantine, reduction of overcrowding, and serious custody concerns. 2. If transfer from one 7 institution to another must take place, pre and post transfer quarantine and COVID-19 testing shall 8 be performed.” Id. Importantly, the court does not take judicial notice that the plans discussed on 9 the CDCR’s website have been implemented, are sufficient or will be effective. Rather, the court 10 only takes judicial notice that the CDCR has developed plans to address the Covid-19 problem in 11 California prisons. 12 13 DISCUSSION 14 A federal court must engage in a preliminary screening of any case in which a prisoner seeks 15 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 16 § 1915A(a).
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1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 JOSEPH ANTHONY GEORGE, Case No. 20-cv-03244-SI
8 Plaintiff, ORDER OF DISMISSAL 9 v. Re: Dkt. Nos. 13, 14, 15 10 RALPH DIAZ, et al., 11 Defendants.
12 13 Joseph Anthony George, a prisoner at the Pelican Bay State Prison, filed this pro se civil 14 rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. The court reviewed his complaint and dismissed it with leave 15 to amend; the court also denied his requests for a temporary restraining order and appointment of 16 counsel. Plaintiff has filed an amended complaint that is now before the court for review pursuant 17 to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Plaintiff also has filed a second request for a temporary restraining order and 18 second request for appointment of counsel that are now before the court for review. 19 20 BACKGROUND 21 A. Allegations of Amended Complaint 22 The amended complaint concerns prison officials’ response to Covid-19, a disease caused 23 by the novel coronavirus (also known as SARS-CoV-2). Plaintiff sues Ralph Diaz, the Secretary of 24 the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR); Clark Kelso, the “Director of 25 Medical Services Statewide”; Bill Woods, the Chief Medical Officer at Pelican Bay; and Xavier 26 Becerra, the California Attorney General. Docket No. 13 at 2. 27 The amended complaint alleges that Covid-19 has become widespread in the California 1 California prison system. Id. at 3. “All the Covid-19 hotspots are being concealed from inmates 2 and the public.” Id. There allegedly have been 25 inmates and staff members who have died, 3 hundreds of staff members who have become infected and thousands of inmates who have become 4 infected with Covid-19. Id. The CDCR allegedly has released some prisoner because inmates were 5 unable to do social distancing. Id. at 2. 6 The amended complaint further alleges that plaintiff, who has heart disease and other 7 undescribed “serous medical conditions,” is in the security housing unit (SHU) at Pelican Bay and 8 soon will reach the end of his SHU term. Id. at 3. Transferring plaintiff from a Covid-19 safe zone 9 to a Covid-19 hot spot allegedly “constitutes an unreasonable risk of future harm” to him if he 10 contracts Covid-19. Id. at 2-3. (There is no allegation that prison officials actually have a plan in 11 place to transfer plaintiff upon completion of his SHU term or otherwise at this time.) Plaintiff 12 allegedly filed two inmate appeals requesting that he be given a mask, that others wear masks, and 13 that he not be transferred; he is awaiting a final decision on his inmate appeal. Id. at 4. 14 The amended complaint does not allege any specific acts or omissions by defendants, and 15 alleges only that defendants Diaz, Kelso, Robertson, and Wood “can each implement a practice, or 16 appeal to the Governor to issue an order to stop all transfers except for emergencies or other 17 extraordinary circumstances but each defendant . . . has failed to act.” Id. at 4. 18 Plaintiff’s original complaint had alleged that defendants had no plan to prevent or treat 19 inmates or staff in the event of an outbreak of Covid-19. See Docket No. 1. He does not include 20 those allegations in his amended complaint. 21 22 B. Second Motion For Temporary Restraining Order and Preliminary Injunction 23 Plaintiff has filed a second motion for a temporary restraining order (TRO) and preliminary 24 injunction seeking an order preventing his transfer “until vaccinated for Covid-19.” Docket No. 14 25 at 3. This motion is two pages in length and is unsupported by any evidence. The motion indicates 26 that plaintiff is in the middle of exhausting administrative remedies on an inmate appeal in which 27 he requested masks and to avoid transfer to another prison. 1 C. Judicially Noticed Facts 2 A court may take judicial notice of facts that are not subject to reasonable dispute because 3 they are generally known or are capable of accurate and ready determination. Fed. R. Evid. 201(b). 4 The court may take judicial notice of matters of public record, such as the existence and authenticity 5 of a document, but cannot take judicial notice of the truth of its contents. See Lee v. City of Los 6 Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 689–90 (9th Cir. 2001); see, e.g., id. (court could judicially notice existence 7 of waiver of extradition and that it was signed by plaintiff, but could not judicially notice that it was 8 a valid waiver when no court had approved it). The court can take judicial notice of “public records 9 and government documents available from reliable sources on the Internet, such as websites run by 10 governmental agencies.” Gerritsen v. Warner Bros. Entm't Inc., 112 F.Supp.3d 1011, 1033 (C.D. 11 Cal. 2015) (internal quotations omitted). 12 The court takes judicial notice of two facts that illustrate that the governmental response to 13 the Covid-19 pandemic has evolved in the several months the pandemic has been in the United 14 States. First, the Centers for Disease Control first recommended the use of cloth face coverings in 15 public settings on April 3, 2020. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting- 16 sick/cloth-face-cover.html. Second, the California statewide stay-at-home order was not issued until 17 March 19, 2020. California Governor Newsom issued Executive Order N-33-20 on March 19, 18 2020, directing residents to heed the Order of the State Public Health Officer dated March 19, 2020, 19 which ordered individuals living in California “to stay home or at their place of residence” with 20 certain exceptions. https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/3.19.20-attested-EO-N- 21 33-20-COVID-19-HEALTH-ORDER.pdf. 22 The court also takes judicial notice of materials on the CDCR’s website that reflect that the 23 CDCR has prepared plans to address the spread of Covid-19 in the California prison system. There 24 is an entire section of the CDCR’s website devoted to the Covid-19 situation and response efforts. 25 https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/. There also is a section that has been updated numerous times to 26 provide interim guidance for health care providers in the California prison system in the Covid-19 27 era. https://cchcs.ca.gov/covid-19-interim-guidance/. The CDCR’s website also includes a 1 of the Covid-19 response, including substantial limits on inmate transfers. 2 https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/wp-content/uploads/sites/197/2020/08/R-COVID-Movement- 3 Matrix.pdf?label=Movement%20Matrix&from=https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/. That document 4 states at the outset: “1. To reduce the likelihood of COVID-19 spreading from one location to 5 another, movement shall be limited to that which is necessary for clinical care, medical isolation or 6 quarantine, reduction of overcrowding, and serious custody concerns. 2. If transfer from one 7 institution to another must take place, pre and post transfer quarantine and COVID-19 testing shall 8 be performed.” Id. Importantly, the court does not take judicial notice that the plans discussed on 9 the CDCR’s website have been implemented, are sufficient or will be effective. Rather, the court 10 only takes judicial notice that the CDCR has developed plans to address the Covid-19 problem in 11 California prisons. 12 13 DISCUSSION 14 A federal court must engage in a preliminary screening of any case in which a prisoner seeks 15 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. 16 § 1915A(a). The court must identify any cognizable claims, and dismiss any claims which are 17 frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek monetary relief 18 from a defendant who is immune from such relief. See id. at § 1915A(b)(1),(2). Pro se complaints 19 must be liberally construed. See Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010). 20 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two elements: (1) that a 21 right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) that the violation 22 was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 23 (1988). 24 Although a complaint “does not need detailed factual allegations, . . . a plaintiff's obligation 25 to provide the ‘grounds’ of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than labels and conclusions, 26 and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not do. . . . Factual allegations 27 must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 1 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (citations omitted). A complaint must proffer “enough facts to state a 2 claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Id. at 570. 3 Deliberate indifference to an inmate’s serious medical needs violates the Eighth 4 Amendment’s proscription against cruel and unusual punishment. See Estelle v. Gamble, 429 U.S. 5 97, 104 (1976); Toguchi v. Chung, 391 F.3d 1051, 1057 (9th Cir. 2004). To establish an Eighth 6 Amendment claim on a condition of confinement, such as medical care, a prisoner-plaintiff must 7 show: (1) an objectively, sufficiently serious, deprivation, and (2) the official was, subjectively, 8 deliberately indifferent to the inmate’s health or safety. See Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 9 (1994). A defendant is deliberately indifferent if he knows that an inmate faces a substantial risk of 10 serious harm and disregards that risk by failing to take reasonable steps to abate it. Farmer, 511 11 U.S. at 837. The defendant must not only “be aware of facts from which the inference could be 12 drawn that a substantial risk of serious harm exists,” but he “must also draw the inference.” Id. 13 In dismissing the original complaint with leave to amend, the court explained that the 14 complaint “falters on the deliberate indifference prong of an Eighth Amendment claim. Plaintiff’s 15 allegations that prison officials have no plans for prevention, treatment, medical staff, or equipment 16 to address Covid-19 in the prisons are not plausible, given the ample evidence (of which this court 17 has taken judicial notice) that the CDCR has prepared plans to address Covid-19 in the prison 18 population.” Docket No. 9 at 5. The court also explained that plaintiff needed to allege deliberate 19 indifference by the named defendants. See id. at 6. 20 The same problems plague the amended complaint. Plaintiff intimates that Covid-19 runs 21 unchecked in the prison population because prison officials are doing nothing, but that is 22 contradicted by the information on the CDCR’s website of which the court has taken judicial notice. 23 Although the court generally may not consider materials outside the pleading when reviewing the 24 sufficiency of an amended complaint, it may consider matters subject to judicial notice, such as the 25 records on the CDCR’s website. See Khoja v. Orexigen Therapeutics, 899 F.3d 988, 998-99 (9th 26 Cir. 2018). Here, the court mentioned the materials on the CDCR’s website when it dismissed the 27 original complaint, and plaintiff makes no effort to address those materials or allege anything 1 The amended complaint fails to state a claim for deliberate indifference to plaintiff’s serious 2 medical needs. The amended complaint alleges that plaintiff does not want to be transferred to a 3 “Covid-19 hotspot” but does not allege that prison officials actually have any plans to transfer him. 4 Nor does he allege that the CDCR’s plans that include restrictions on inmate movements and impose 5 safety precautions during the limited inmate transfers that do take place reflect deliberate 6 indifference. The amended complaint also alleges that Covid-19 is widespread in the CDCR but 7 does not allege that the CDCR is not taking steps to address the disease. The amended complaint 8 does not allege any particular wrongdoing or specific action that any defendant has taken that 9 suggests deliberate indifference to his serious medical needs. The bare allegations of the existence 10 of a disease and a desire to avoid contracting it simply are not enough to state a claim against any 11 defendant for deliberate indifference. Covid-19 is certainly a serious problem, but this plaintiff has 12 failed to allege facts that suggest the presence of the mental state necessary for an Eighth 13 Amendment claim. It is “‘only the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain implicates the Eighth 14 Amendment.’” Farmer, 511 U.S. at 834 (internal quotation marks, emphasis, and citations 15 omitted)). “To violate the Cruel and Unusual Punishments Clause, a prison official must have a 16 ‘sufficiently culpable state of mind,’” which is one of “deliberate indifference” to inmate health or 17 safety. Id. Even with liberal construction, the complaint cannot reasonably be read to allege any 18 facts suggestive of deliberate indifference. The amended complaint must be dismissed for failure 19 to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. Further leave to amend is not granted because 20 the court already explained the shortcomings in the deliberate-indifference claim and plaintiff was 21 unable or unwilling to cure those problems in his amended complaint. 22 Plaintiff’s second request for a TRO and preliminary injunction and second request for 23 appointment of counsel are DENIED because this action is being dismissed and for the reasons 24 stated at pages 6-10 in the order of dismissal with leave to amend. Docket Nos. 14 and 15. 25 26 27 1 CONCLUSION 2 This action is dismissed for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted. The 3 clerk shall close the file. 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 Dated: August 24, 2020 Site WU tee 6 SUSAN ILLSTON 7 United States District Judge 8 9 10 11 a 12
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