George Shultz, Secretary of State v. James D. Crowley

806 F.2d 281, 256 U.S. App. D.C. 382, 1986 U.S. App. LEXIS 34689

Opinions

ORDER

PER CURIAM.

Appellees’ suggestion for rehearing en banc has been circulated to the full Court. No member of the Court requested the taking of a vote thereon. Upon consideration of the foregoing, it is

ORDERED, by the Court en banc, that the suggestion is denied.

Before BORK, Circuit Judge, and Mac-KINNON, Senior Circuit Judge.

ORDER

PER CURIAM.

Upon consideration of appellees’ petition for rehearing, it is

ORDERED, by the Court, that the petition is denied.

Statements of Circuit Judge BORK and Senior Circuit Judge MacKINNON are attached.

Statement of Circuit Judge BORK:

In their petition for rehearing, appellees assert that the majority’s decision in Shultz v. Crowley, 802 F.2d 498 (D.C.Cir.1986), is inconsistent with Center for Science in the Public Interest v. Regan, 802 F.2d 518 (D.C.Cir.1986) (CFSPI) I think not and offer a brief explanation.

Crowley concerned the applicability of the Equal Access to Justice Act (“EAJA”) to a fee application for a case the merits of which had been resolved before the EAJA’s original 1981 effective date. Both the Crowley majority, 802 F.2d at 500, and its dissent, 802 F.2d at 505, recognized that, by the law of this circuit, pendency of a fee application alone on the EAJA’s 1981 effective date does not permit invocation of the EAJA, Nichols v. Pierce, 740 F.2d 1249 (D.C.Cir.1984). Strict construction of the EAJA as a waiver of sovereign immunity requires this result. Nichols, 740 F.2d at 1255-59. The Crowley majority and dissent disagreed instead about the finality and appealability, and hence the pendency, of the merits of Crowley’s case.

CFSPI held that a fee request pending on the effective date of the 1985 EAJA amendments is within the statutory meaning of “cases pending” to which the amended EAJA definition of the “position of the United States” applies, although the merits of the case for which fees are requested are not pending on that date (but were pending on the 1981 effective date of the original EAJA). Since in amending the definition of “position of the United States” Congress intended merely to “clarify” the original EAJA, the panel found that application of this amendment to pending fee requests in cases whose merits are not pending would not constitute a waiver of sovereign immunity requiring strict statutory construction. CFSPI, 802 F.2d at 523-24; accord Russell v. National Mediation Board, 775 F.2d 1284, 1288 (5th Cir.1985). In making this finding, the CFSPI panel expressly distinguished the Nichols decision, and therefore a fortiori the Crowley decision in pertinent part, as turning on sovereign immunity concerns irrelevant to the provision of the EAJA’s 1985 amendments at issue in CFSPI. CFSPI, 802 F.2d at 524 n. 11.

No conflict exists, therefore, between CFSPI’s holding that a fee application alone is a “case pending” for some 1985 EAJA amendment purposes and Crowley’s holding, following Nichols, that a fee application alone is not a “case pending” for purposes of the original 1981 EAJA.