IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2005-CA-00018-SCT
GEORGE POWELL, PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF LORENZO POWELL
v.
CLAY COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, LADDIE HUFFMAN, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS SHERIFF OF CLAY COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI, AND CARL PIERCE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12/9/2004 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JAMES T. KITCHENS, JR. COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: CLAY COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ANGELA TURNER LAIRY BENNIE L. TURNER ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: BENJAMIN E. GRIFFITH CHRIS POWELL NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - WRONGFUL DEATH DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 03/16/2006 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE COBB, P.J., EASLEY AND RANDOLPH, JJ.
COBB, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Lorenzo Powell, a state inmate, died after falling off the back of a garbage truck owned
by Clay County. Subsequently, his father, George Powell, filed a wrongful death suit alleging
that Carl Pierce, a Clay County employee, was negligent in his operation of the garbage truck.
Named as defendants were the Clay County Board of Supervisors; Sheriff Laddie Huffman, in
his official capacity; the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC); and Pierce (sometimes collectively Clay County). Powell’s Estate is now before this Court for the third
time, seeking relief from an adverse ruling in which the Clay County Circuit Court granted
summary judgment in favor of Clay County, after finding the Estate’s claim was barred by the
Mississippi Tort Claims Act (MTCA).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On November 11, 1996, while an inmate in the Clay County Jail, Lorenzo Powell
volunteered to help with the garbage collection detail. As he was riding on the back of a county
garbage collection truck, it crossed some railroad tracks, and Powell was propelled to his
death. In the suit filed on behalf of Powell’s estate1 and wrongful death beneficiaries, the
complaint alleged Pierce was negligent in driving the garbage truck and that the remaining
defendants were liable under the doctrine of respondeat superior or enterprise liability because
Pierce was a county employee.
¶3. This case has been before this Court twice before, and a short summary of its history
is provided here, not only to explain the lengthy passage of time since Powell’s death and
commencement of the wrongful death action but also to explain the procedural posture of the
present appeal. 2 On September 20, 2001, the circuit court granted summary judgment in favor
of Clay County, the sheriff, MDOC and Pierce, and subsequently, the court dismissed MDOC
1 Throughout this opinion, to eliminate confusion, actions taken by Powell’s father, George Powell, who is identified in the Complaint as the “personal representative of Powell’s estate, . . . and the wrongful death beneficiaries” are referred to as “Powell’s Estate” or “the Estate”. 2 See Powell v. Clay County Bd. of Supervisors, 883 So. 2d 562 (Miss. 2004), for more complete details.
2 with prejudice following an agreement by the parties. On October 19, 2001, Powell’s Estate
filed a notice of appeal as to the dismissal and the summary judgment, but on March 25, 2002,
filed a motion for rehearing in the circuit court, seeking to present additional evidence not
previously available. The circuit court granted the rehearing and set aside the summary
judgment after finding that M.R.C.P. 60(b) allowed the reconsideration. The parties were
directed to re-file their briefs, and the Estate be allowed to pursue the issue of Clay County’s
liability insurance policy.
¶4. On December 12, 2002, this Court dismissed the first appeal, stating that no appealable
order existed at that time. Subsequently Clay County sought to reinstate the Estate’s appeal,
but was denied by Order of this Court on April 4, 2003. Due to the retirement of the circuit
judge, his replacement was assigned to handle this case, and on July 15, 2003, he reinstated the
original order of summary judgment. Once again, Powell’s Estate appealed to this Court, and
on September 23, 2004, this Court remanded to the circuit court for further proceedings.
¶5. On remand, the Estate alleged the MTCA did not immunize Clay County, because
immunity was waived as a result of a provision in its liability insurance contract with Coregis
Insurance Company (Coregis). The defendants again filed a Motion for Summary Judgment,
and following a hearing before the new circuit judge on October 14, 2004, the circuit court
again entered summary judgment, finding the County, the Sheriff and Pierce immune from suit
under the MTCA. The Estate is once again before this Court on appeal, raising two issues: (1)
whether the Clay County Defendants are bound by the unambiguous language in the County’s
3 liability insurance policy; and (2) whether Pierce’s liability is an issue for the jury. Finding
no error, this Court affirms the trial court’s grant of summary judgment.
ANALYSIS
I. IMMUNITY
¶6. This Court reviews errors of law, which include the proper application of the MTCA,
de novo. Maldonado v. Kelly, 768 So. 2d 906, 908 (Miss. 2000). Further, this Court reviews
the grant of a summary judgment de novo. Mississippi Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Walters,
908 So. 2d 765, 768 (Miss. 2005).
¶7. The MTCA provides that “[a] governmental entity or its employees acting within the
course and scope of their employment, shall not be liable for any claims:
(m) Of any claimant who at the time the claim arises is an inmate of any detention center, jail, workhouse, penal farm, penitentiary or other such institution, regardless of whether such claimant is or is not an inmate of any detention center, jail, workhouse, penal farm, penitentiary, or other such institution when the claim is filed . . . .”
Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-9(1)(m). In Wallace v. Town of Raleigh, 815 So. 2d 1203, 1206
(Miss. 2002), an inmate of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, brought suit against
the Town of Raleigh for injuries he sustained while a passenger on a garbage truck in a work
release program. The garbage truck was struck on the passenger’s side by another vehicle,
leaving Wallace injured. Id. at 1205. This Court held Wallace’s claim was barred by the
express language of Miss. Code Ann. Section 11-46-9(1)(m). Notwithstanding this precedent,
Powell’s Estate argues the County waived governmental immunity by a provision in the
insurance contract with Coregis.
4 ¶8. This Court has held that the purchase of insurance does not operate as a waiver of
sovereign immunity, nor does it hinder any exclusions or exemptions from liability. McGrath
v. City of Gautier, 794 So. 2d 983, 987 (Miss. 2001). See also Leslie v. City of Biloxi, 758
So. 2d 430, 434 (Miss. 2004) (finding City immune from suit under Miss. Code Ann. Section
11-46-9(1)(l) and that City had liability insurance to cover the incident was of no
consequence); Maxwell v.
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF MISSISSIPPI
NO. 2005-CA-00018-SCT
GEORGE POWELL, PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE ESTATE OF LORENZO POWELL
v.
CLAY COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS, LADDIE HUFFMAN, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY AS SHERIFF OF CLAY COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI, AND CARL PIERCE
DATE OF JUDGMENT: 12/9/2004 TRIAL JUDGE: HON. JAMES T. KITCHENS, JR. COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: CLAY COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: ANGELA TURNER LAIRY BENNIE L. TURNER ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: BENJAMIN E. GRIFFITH CHRIS POWELL NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - WRONGFUL DEATH DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 03/16/2006 MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED: MANDATE ISSUED:
BEFORE COBB, P.J., EASLEY AND RANDOLPH, JJ.
COBB, PRESIDING JUSTICE, FOR THE COURT:
¶1. Lorenzo Powell, a state inmate, died after falling off the back of a garbage truck owned
by Clay County. Subsequently, his father, George Powell, filed a wrongful death suit alleging
that Carl Pierce, a Clay County employee, was negligent in his operation of the garbage truck.
Named as defendants were the Clay County Board of Supervisors; Sheriff Laddie Huffman, in
his official capacity; the Mississippi Department of Corrections (MDOC); and Pierce (sometimes collectively Clay County). Powell’s Estate is now before this Court for the third
time, seeking relief from an adverse ruling in which the Clay County Circuit Court granted
summary judgment in favor of Clay County, after finding the Estate’s claim was barred by the
Mississippi Tort Claims Act (MTCA).
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. On November 11, 1996, while an inmate in the Clay County Jail, Lorenzo Powell
volunteered to help with the garbage collection detail. As he was riding on the back of a county
garbage collection truck, it crossed some railroad tracks, and Powell was propelled to his
death. In the suit filed on behalf of Powell’s estate1 and wrongful death beneficiaries, the
complaint alleged Pierce was negligent in driving the garbage truck and that the remaining
defendants were liable under the doctrine of respondeat superior or enterprise liability because
Pierce was a county employee.
¶3. This case has been before this Court twice before, and a short summary of its history
is provided here, not only to explain the lengthy passage of time since Powell’s death and
commencement of the wrongful death action but also to explain the procedural posture of the
present appeal. 2 On September 20, 2001, the circuit court granted summary judgment in favor
of Clay County, the sheriff, MDOC and Pierce, and subsequently, the court dismissed MDOC
1 Throughout this opinion, to eliminate confusion, actions taken by Powell’s father, George Powell, who is identified in the Complaint as the “personal representative of Powell’s estate, . . . and the wrongful death beneficiaries” are referred to as “Powell’s Estate” or “the Estate”. 2 See Powell v. Clay County Bd. of Supervisors, 883 So. 2d 562 (Miss. 2004), for more complete details.
2 with prejudice following an agreement by the parties. On October 19, 2001, Powell’s Estate
filed a notice of appeal as to the dismissal and the summary judgment, but on March 25, 2002,
filed a motion for rehearing in the circuit court, seeking to present additional evidence not
previously available. The circuit court granted the rehearing and set aside the summary
judgment after finding that M.R.C.P. 60(b) allowed the reconsideration. The parties were
directed to re-file their briefs, and the Estate be allowed to pursue the issue of Clay County’s
liability insurance policy.
¶4. On December 12, 2002, this Court dismissed the first appeal, stating that no appealable
order existed at that time. Subsequently Clay County sought to reinstate the Estate’s appeal,
but was denied by Order of this Court on April 4, 2003. Due to the retirement of the circuit
judge, his replacement was assigned to handle this case, and on July 15, 2003, he reinstated the
original order of summary judgment. Once again, Powell’s Estate appealed to this Court, and
on September 23, 2004, this Court remanded to the circuit court for further proceedings.
¶5. On remand, the Estate alleged the MTCA did not immunize Clay County, because
immunity was waived as a result of a provision in its liability insurance contract with Coregis
Insurance Company (Coregis). The defendants again filed a Motion for Summary Judgment,
and following a hearing before the new circuit judge on October 14, 2004, the circuit court
again entered summary judgment, finding the County, the Sheriff and Pierce immune from suit
under the MTCA. The Estate is once again before this Court on appeal, raising two issues: (1)
whether the Clay County Defendants are bound by the unambiguous language in the County’s
3 liability insurance policy; and (2) whether Pierce’s liability is an issue for the jury. Finding
no error, this Court affirms the trial court’s grant of summary judgment.
ANALYSIS
I. IMMUNITY
¶6. This Court reviews errors of law, which include the proper application of the MTCA,
de novo. Maldonado v. Kelly, 768 So. 2d 906, 908 (Miss. 2000). Further, this Court reviews
the grant of a summary judgment de novo. Mississippi Farm Bureau Mut. Ins. Co. v. Walters,
908 So. 2d 765, 768 (Miss. 2005).
¶7. The MTCA provides that “[a] governmental entity or its employees acting within the
course and scope of their employment, shall not be liable for any claims:
(m) Of any claimant who at the time the claim arises is an inmate of any detention center, jail, workhouse, penal farm, penitentiary or other such institution, regardless of whether such claimant is or is not an inmate of any detention center, jail, workhouse, penal farm, penitentiary, or other such institution when the claim is filed . . . .”
Miss. Code Ann. § 11-46-9(1)(m). In Wallace v. Town of Raleigh, 815 So. 2d 1203, 1206
(Miss. 2002), an inmate of the Mississippi Department of Corrections, brought suit against
the Town of Raleigh for injuries he sustained while a passenger on a garbage truck in a work
release program. The garbage truck was struck on the passenger’s side by another vehicle,
leaving Wallace injured. Id. at 1205. This Court held Wallace’s claim was barred by the
express language of Miss. Code Ann. Section 11-46-9(1)(m). Notwithstanding this precedent,
Powell’s Estate argues the County waived governmental immunity by a provision in the
insurance contract with Coregis.
4 ¶8. This Court has held that the purchase of insurance does not operate as a waiver of
sovereign immunity, nor does it hinder any exclusions or exemptions from liability. McGrath
v. City of Gautier, 794 So. 2d 983, 987 (Miss. 2001). See also Leslie v. City of Biloxi, 758
So. 2d 430, 434 (Miss. 2004) (finding City immune from suit under Miss. Code Ann. Section
11-46-9(1)(l) and that City had liability insurance to cover the incident was of no
consequence); Maxwell v. Jackson County, 768 So. 2d 900, 902 (Miss. 2000) (holding the
county “has not waived the protections from liability claims . . . afforded by the exemptions of
Miss. Code Ann. Section 11-46-9 ”); L.W. v. McComb Municipal Sch. Dist., 754 So. 2d 1136,
1144 (Miss. 1999) (reasoning that “the purchase of insurance does not affect potential
defenses under Miss. Code Ann. Section 11-46-9. Otherwise, sovereigns would be unlikely to
continue to purchase insurance if it had the effect of waiving all of their defenses under the
MTCA - an undesirable and unintended result in this Court’s view.”)
¶9. The provisions of MTCA Section 11-46-9(1)(m) are controlling in the present case.
Powell’s claim or cause of action is barred by the plain language of this section. The trial court
did not err when it so found.
II. MALICE
¶10. The standard of review on the grant of a summary judgment is de novo. Walters, 908
So. 2d at 768. In addition, the facts are viewed in a light most favorable to the nonmoving party.
Rankin v. Clements Cadillac, Inc., 903 So. 2d 749, 751 (Miss. 2005). Powell’s Estate argues
that the grant of summary judgment should be reversed because the issue of Pierce’s liability
was incorrectly resolved on summary judgment. Specifically, the Estate asserts there is enough
5 evidence in the record to show that Pierce acted with malice, and therefore acted outside the
scope of employment, eliminating any immunity he would have had under the MTCA. The
Estate, however, fails to point to any place in the record where there is either an explicit or
implicit allegation of malice, and a careful review of the record by this Court reveals none.
¶11. This argument is barred because only negligence, not malice, was pled in the complaint,
and no amendment was made. It is well-settled law in Mississippi that plaintiffs are bound by
what is alleged in the complaint, absent a subsequent amendment or modification. See Ray v.
State, 503 So. 2d 222, 226 (Miss. 1986); Minor v. Engineering Service Co., Inc., 304 So. 2d
45, 48 (Miss. 1974). The Estate’s M.R.C.P. 60 motion was based on the insurance policy, not
Pierce’s liability. The issue of malice was not specifically raised, and thus was not before the
circuit court.
¶12. If Powell’s Estate sought to use malice as a way to pierce the government’s immunity,
it should have done so in the complaint, an amendment or modification to the complaint, or
properly in a Rule 60 motion. Accordingly, for failure to properly raise the issue below, this
Court is relieved of the duty to consider it. Branch v. State, 882 So. 2d 36, 79 (Miss. 2004).
The circuit court properly granted the motion for summary judgment in favor of the Clay
County defendants.
CONCLUSION
¶13. We affirm the trial court on all issues.
¶14. AFFIRMED.
6 SMITH, C.J., WALLER, P.J., EASLEY, CARLSON, DICKINSON AND RANDOLPH, JJ., CONCUR. GRAVES, J., DISSENTS WITHOUT SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION. DIAZ, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.