General Cas. Co. of Illinois v. McCowan

581 N.E.2d 728, 221 Ill. App. 3d 96, 163 Ill. Dec. 574, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 1834
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedOctober 22, 1991
Docket5-90-0115
StatusPublished
Cited by12 cases

This text of 581 N.E.2d 728 (General Cas. Co. of Illinois v. McCowan) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
General Cas. Co. of Illinois v. McCowan, 581 N.E.2d 728, 221 Ill. App. 3d 96, 163 Ill. Dec. 574, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 1834 (Ill. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

JUSTICE CHAPMAN

delivered the opinion of the court:

David McCowan was involved in an automobile accident between his vehicle and one driven by Arnold Sternberg. David McCowan and his wife, Karla McCowan, brought a two-count complaint against Mr. Sternberg: count I for the personal injuries sustained by David, and count II for loss of consortium for Karla.

While the above action was pending, the General Casualty Company of Illinois (General Casualty), Sternberg’s insurer, brought a declaratory judgment action for the purpose of determining the amount of insurance coverage afforded by its automobile liability policy. The McGowans filed a counterclaim in the declaratory judgment action in which they also sought a declaration in the amount of coverage afforded. The policy provides coverages in the amount of $50,000 per “person” and $100,000 per “accident.” General Casualty sought a determination that only $50,000 coverage was afforded while the McGowans sought a ruling that $100,000 was available.

The circuit court of Randolph County found in favor of General Casualty and allowed its motion for summary judgment. It denied the counterclaim for summary judgment filed by the McGowans. The Mc-Gowans appeal.

The issue presented for this court is whether the loss-of-consortium claim of Karla McCowan is a separate bodily injury claim so as to activate the per-occurrence limit of $100,000 of the General Casualty policy.

The determination of this issue depends upon the language of the policy, as the parties are bound to the agreement they made. (Western Casualty & Surety Co. v. Brochu (1985), 105 Ill. 2d 486, 475 N.E.2d 872.) Several provisions of the policy must be considered. Under the heading, “II — Liability Coverage, Part A,” the policy provides:

“We will pay damages for bodily injury or property damage for which any covered person becomes legally responsible because of an auto accident.” (Emphasis added.)

Under another part of the policy, “Part B — Definitions,” “bodily injury” is defined: “ ‘Bodily injury’ means injury, sickness, disease or death.” (Emphasis in original.) One final paragraph of the policy that needs to be considered is found under the section labelled, “Limit of Liability”:

“The limit of liability shown in the Declarations for ‘each person’ for Bodily Injury Liability is our maximum limit of liability for all damages for bodily injury sustained by any one person in any one auto accident. Subject to this limit for ‘each person’, the limit of liability shown in the Declarations for ‘each accident’ for Bodily Injury Liability is our maximum limit of liability for all damages for bodily injury resulting from any one auto accident.”

With these provisions in mind, we examine Illinois cases that have addressed this issue. The first case brought to our attention is Gass v. Carducci (1964), 52 Ill. App. 2d 394, 202 N.E.2d 73, which denied coverage to a husband on a loss-of-consortium damage claim because:

“The term ‘one person’ contained therein has repeatedly been construed by the courts to mean ‘one person injured’ and that it applies to all damages sustained by all persons as the result of injury to one person; they have rejected the contention that the ‘one person’ limit merely deals with the loss suffered by any one person.” (Gass, 52 Ill. App. 2d at 402, 202 N.E.2d at 77.)

While it is not completely clear from the Gass opinion, it is at least suggested that the provision involved in that case included any damages for loss of services that arose out of the bodily injury. That interpretation is found in the following language:

“The policy of insurance limits recovery to $25,000 for damages arising out of bodily injury sustained by one person in any one accident, which includes damages for care and loss of services arising out of bodily injury.” (Emphasis added.) (Gass, 52 Ill. App. 2d at 402, 202 N.E.2d at 76-77.)

Thus it is at least suggested that loss of services was specifically included in the injuries to one person involved in the policy in Gass.

We observe that Gass comes to its conclusion that “one person” means “all persons” with very little discussion or analysis. Also, we note that Gass cited no Illinois cases, in fact no cases at all, for its broad proposition. Finally, we observe that Gass was decided some years before the supreme court’s ruling in Page v. Hibbard, which held that

“an action for loss of consortium is not a derivative claim brought by the spouse as the personal representative of the employee, but is an independent action to recover for injuries the spouse has suffered, such as loss of support and loss of society.” (Page v. Hibbard (1987), 119 Ill. 2d 41, 48, 518 N.E.2d 69, 72.)

In view of the foregoing, we hold that Gass is not controlling on the issue of whether or not a loss-of-consortium claim is subject to the limitation of one person in all situations.

General Casualty relies upon Cross v. Country Cos. (1989), 188 Ill. App. 3d 847, 544 N.E.2d 1246, and Creamer v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Co. (1987), 161 Ill. App. 3d 223, 514 N.E.2d 214. The policy involved in Cross apparently included loss of services, not as a separate bodily injury, but instead as an explanation of the extent of the liability coverage. The Creamer decision has been distinguished by the recent first district case of Filip v. North River Insurance Co. (1990), 201 Ill. App. 3d 351, 559 N.E.2d 17, because in Creamer the policy defined “ ‘bodily injury’ ” as “ ‘bodily injury to a person and sickness, disease or death which results from it.’ ” (Filip, 201 Ill. App. 3d at 353, 559 N.E.2d at 19, quoting Creamer, 161 Ill. App. 3d at 224.) The Filip court pointed out that “[i]n contrast to the policy in Creamer, the Policy in the present case defines ‘bodily injury’ as ‘injury,’ thereby broadening the ordinary definition of ‘bodily injury’ to encompass all types of injury, including the personal injury of loss of consortium.” (201 Ill. App. 3d at 353-54.) The policy language involved in our case is closer to that involved in Filip than that involved in Creamer.

With this in mind, we now turn to the recent supreme court decision of Blagg v. Illinois F.W.D. Truck & Equipment Co. (1991), 143 Ill. 2d 188, 572 N.E.2d 920, which addressed the issue of whether a spouse’s loss-of-consortium claim is derivative or an independent cause of action.

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Bluebook (online)
581 N.E.2d 728, 221 Ill. App. 3d 96, 163 Ill. Dec. 574, 1991 Ill. App. LEXIS 1834, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/general-cas-co-of-illinois-v-mccowan-illappct-1991.