NUMBER 13-11-00677-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
GAYE DAWN HESTER, Appellant,
v.
TIMOTHY WADE PRICKETT, Appellee.
On appeal from the 28th District Court of Nueces County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Chief Justice Valdez and Justices Garza and Vela Memorandum Opinion by Justice Vela This is an appeal from a summary judgment granted in favor of appellee, Timothy
Wade Prickett, and against appellant, Gaye Dawn Hester. Hester, Prickett's former wife,
brought a bill of review seeking to set aside an agreed divorce judgment with regard to a
property settlement. Hester brings one issue on appeal, asserting that the trial court erred in granting Prickett's traditional and no-evidence motion for summary judgment.
We reverse and remand.
I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
The summary judgment evidence offered by Hester showed that Prickett and
Hester were married in 1999. She filed for divorce in 2006 because of Prickett's claimed
abusive behavior. During the early years of their marriage, Prickett was convicted of
criminal mischief for assaulting a friend and placed on probation for two years.
According to Hester, throughout their marriage, Prickett consistently verbally abused both
Hester and her daughter from another marriage.
In 2005, Devin Nevilles, owner of Eagle Testing Services, L.P. and Eagle Services
("Eagle Testing"), hired Prickett as a crane operator. Due to Prickett's seventh grade
level education, he brought his employee contract home to his wife to review before
signing it. In the provision below, the agreement stated that Prickett would have the
opportunity to become a limited partner with Nevilles in a future business project:
As additional bonus compensation, Employee shall be awarded a 20% limited partnership interest in a Crane Services Company which will be known as Eagle Services Crane Division, L.P. such award shall not be earned or payable until Devin Nevilles recovers all his investment, plus taxes, related to the crane operations assigned to Employee herein.
(emphasis in the original).
While at Eagle Testing, Prickett traveled for work and was rarely at home with
Hester. According to Hester, Prickett only allowed her to visit him at work if the visit was
on his terms. Hester's knowledge of her former husband's work situation was limited
because she chose not to question Prickett's business activities because of his violent
2 tendencies. However, at some point in their marriage, Prickett told Hester that he and
Nevilles were undertaking a new business venture, Eagle Crane and Rigging.
Hester's summary judgment evidence shows that she filed for divorce in March
2006 after seven years of marriage. Consequently, Hester immediately requested a
temporary restraining order that the trial court granted on April 6, 2006. On the very
same day, Hester requested Prickett to provide her with information concerning his
employment, i.e. financial statements and stock ownership. However, Hester submitted
summary judgment evidence to show that Prickett failed to respond to her first request.
As a result of Prickett's failure to respond, Hester sent a formal discovery request
that specifically asked Prickett to disclose his ownership interest in Eagle Testing, his
financial records, and records of his income. Prickett failed to produce a written
response to this discovery request, but Hester averred that Prickett verbally threatened
Hester on the telephone. During this call, Hester's affidavit stated that Prickett claimed
he had no ownership interest as a mere employee in Eagle Testing. According to
Hester, he further explained that Eagle Crane & Rigging had no assets because the
future company was not yet officially formed. Hester stated that Prickett threatened her
during this phone call and warned her that she would be sorry if she forced him to waste
money on an attorney. Hester averred that she was greatly disturbed by this
conversation and feared for her and her daughter's safety.
At some point during the summer of 2006 and no later than August 1, 2006,
Prickett was made aware that there was a pending sale of Eagle Testing to Express
Energy, a Houston company. As a result of the sale, Prickett understood he would
3 receive a non-employee compensation of at least $1 million. His complete
understanding is evidenced by affidavits from other Eagle Testing employees, who
admitted Prickett told them he was keeping his interest in the company a secret from his
wife.
Hester consented to the final divorce decree in September of 2006 and Prickett
was awarded his interest in Eagle Crane & Rigging. The decree contained no reference
to a potential $1 million payout from the sale of Eagle Testing. Approximately six weeks
after the divorce was finalized, Eagle Testing was sold to Express Energy. Prickett
received $1 million.
Hester averred that she remained unaware of Prickett's concealment of the facts
and his knowledge regarding the sale and non-employee compensation until 2010. After
the situation was brought to her attention, Hester filed a bill of review to rescind the
property agreement in the final divorce decree.
II. ANALYSIS
A. Standard of Review
In a summary judgment case, the movant must show that there is no genuine issue
of material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. TEX. R.
CIV. P. 166a(c); Provident Life & Acc. Ins. Co. v. Knott, 128 S.W.3d 211, 215–216 (Tex.
2003); M.D. Anderson Hosp. & Tumor Inst. v. Willrich, 28 S.W.3d 22, 23 (Tex. 2000); Lear
Siegler, Inc. v. Perez, 819 S.W.2d 470, 471 (Tex. 1991). The movant carries the burden
of proof. City of Houston v. Clear Creek Basin Auth., 589 S.W.2d 671, 678 (Tex. 1979).
A defendant that conclusively negates at least one essential element of the plaintiff's
4 cause of action is entitled to summary judgment. Cathey v. Booth, 900 S.W.2d 339, 341
(Tex. 1995); Klentzman v. Brady, 312 S.W.3d 886, 896–97 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st
Dist.] 2009, no pet.). The burden to raise a fact issue shifts to the non-movant only after
the movant has established that it is entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law.
Casso v. Brand, 776 S.W.2d 551, 556 (Tex. 1989).
We review a traditional motion for summary judgment de novo. Mid-Century Ins.
Co. v. Ademaj, 243 S.W.3d 618, 621 (Tex. 2007); Valence Oper. Co. v. Dorsett, 164
S.W.3d 656, 661 (Tex. 2005); Natividad v. Alexsis, Inc., 875 S.W.2d 695, 699 (Tex.
1994). We consider the evidence in the light most favorable to the non-movant and
resolve all doubts in the non-movant's favor. W. Invs., Inc. v. Urena, 162 S.W.3d 547,
550 (Tex. 2005). Issues not expressly presented to the trial court by written motion,
answer or other response shall not be considered on appeal as a ground for reversal.
See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(c); City of Houston, 589 S.W.2d at 677.
A party moving for a traditional summary judgment must affirmatively show that no
genuine issue of material fact exists and that he is entitled to summary judgment as a
matter of law. Knott, 128 S.W.3d at 215–15; Mulvey v. Mobil Producing Tex. and N.M.
Inc., 147 S.W.3d 594, 604–05 (Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2004, pet. denied); TEX. R. CIV.
P. 166a(c). A party moving for a no-evidence summary judgment must demonstrate that
the non-movant has failed to bring forth more than a scintilla of probative evidence to
raise a genuine issue of material fact as to the challenged element. Mulvey, 147 S.W.3d
at 604–05; TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i). When a party moves for summary judgment on both
traditional and no-evidence grounds, we first review the trial court's decision under the
5 no-evidence standard. See TEX. R. CIV. P. 166a(i); Mem'l Hermann Hosp. Sys. v.
Progressive Cnty. Mut. Ins. Co., 355 S.W.3d 123, 126 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.]
2011, pet. denied).
B. Discussion
Prickett's motion for summary judgment is titled as both a traditional and no-
evidence motion for summary judgment. First, with respect to Prickett's no-evidence
motion for summary judgment, he urges that Hester has produced no evidence of
extrinsic evidence unmixed with any negligence of her own. Similarly, with respect to the
traditional motion he urges the same—that Hester has produced no evidence of extrinsic
fraud unmixed with any negligence on her part.
As noted, Hester filed this action as a bill of review alleging that she had been
defrauded. In order to obtain relief by bill of review, the movant for the bill must show:
(1) a meritorious defense to the cause of action alleged to support the judgment, (2) which
she [appellant] was prevented from making by the fraud, accident, or wrongful act of the
opposite party, (3) unmixed with any fault or negligence of her [appellant's] own. See
Rathmell v. Morrison, 732 S.W.2d 6, 13 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, no writ)
(citing Alexander v. Hagedorn, 226 S.W.2d 996, 998 (Tex. 1950)). The alleged fraud
must be extrinsic. Alexander v. Hagedorn, 226 S.W.2d at 1001. Extrinsic fraud is
defined as that which denies a party the opportunity to fully litigate all the rights or
defenses that the party was entitled to assert. Id. In contrast, intrinsic fraud is "inherent
in the matter considered and determined in the trial where the fraudulent acts pertain to
an issue involved in the original action, or where the acts constituting fraud were, or could
6 have been litigated therein." Montgomery v. Kennedy, 669 S.W.2d 309, 312 (Tex.
1984).
Prickett argues that summary judgment was proper because there was no
evidence with respect to extrinsic fraud and that Hester's ignorance of the facts was due
to her own negligence in not pursuing discovery and by agreeing to the division of
property.
The evidence Prickett included in his motion for summary judgment in an attempt
to show that Hester could not prove fraud was an affidavit by Bruce Matzke, Prickett's trial
attorney, who averred that he represented Prickett in the trial proceedings and that the
only discovery requested by counsel for Hester was a set of interrogatories and requests
for production. Matzke also attached a proposed final decree prepared by Hester's
attorney. Prickett argues that rather than pursuing discovery, Hester submitted the
decree that was signed by all parties. Thus, Prickett argues there was no extrinsic fraud
and Hester's negligence was the cause of her failure to learn of the one million dollar
payment to Prickett.
In response to the motion for summary judgment, Hester submitted summary
judgment evidence to support her theory that Prickett's failure to disclose the extent of his
relationship with Eagle Testing that clearly inhibited Hester from fully litigating her case
and thus, constituted extrinsic fraud. She first submitted the affidavit of her trial attorney,
James Harris, who averred that he had not had adequate time to conduct discovery. He
stated that his belief was that there was a need for further discovery concerning extrinsic
fraud through Prickett's concealment of his partnership interest in Eagle Testing Services.
7 L.P.
Hester also submitted her own affidavit in which she stated that during the time
they were married Prickett never told her that he was a partner with Devin Nevilles or that
he had already earned a partnership interest in the company he was working for—Eagle
Testing Services, L.P. and Eagle Services. She stated that she immediately requested
her husband to disclose all assets, including any business interest or entitlement whether
by stock option or otherwise. Hester averred that her husband called her and told her
that he did not have any ownership in the business and was merely an employee.
Prickett told her that he would make her sorry if she made him waste his time and money
on a lawyer to answer discovery. Hester stated she relied on his representation and
consented to the property division. She said that she did not know that Eagle Testing
Services, L.P. was approached to sell to another company in June 2006, nor did she learn
about the pending sale of Eagle Testing and Express Energy, the sale and Prickett's
claim of partnership ownership in Eagle Testing, or the one million dollars that he received
for his ownership interest in the sale or Eagle Testing until shortly before she filed the bill
of review in 2010.
Hester also submitted an affidavit from Terry Wayne Chandler, an employee of
Eagle Testing Services, L.P. with Prickett in 2005 and 2006. According to Chandler,
Prickett told him multiple times between August and September of 2006 that he was
going to get one million dollars from the sale. Roger Hubert, another employee of Eagle
Testing Services, L.P. also signed an affidavit stating that beginning on August 1, 2006
through September 2006, Prickett told him that his interest in Eagle Testing Services, L.P.
8 was a secret that his wife did not know about. He did not want her to find out about it
because he was getting a divorce from her. An affidavit from Zach Zucker, another
Eagle Testing Services, L.P. employee, was also admitted as summary judgment
evidence. He averred that when he inquired if Hester would own 50% of the business as
part of the divorce, Pricket replied that she would not because he had taken care of that.
Thus, the issue to be decided is whether Hester raised an issue of fact with respect
to whether the fraud in this case was extrinsic. We note that while misrepresenting the
value of known community assets does not alone constitute extrinsic fraud,
misrepresentation in addition to threats does, in fact, constitute extrinsic fraud. Rathmell
v, Morrison, 732 S.W.2d 6, 14 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1987, no writ).
Fraudulent concealment, in addition to threats designed to coerce a spouse into not
investigating the other party's financial status, is sufficient to establish extrinsic fraud
without negligence on the appellant's part. See id. at 14. In Morrison, the divorced wife
also sought to set aside a property agreement based on extrinsic fraud committed by her
former husband. Id. There was evidence that, like Prickett, the former husband in
Morrison threatened his wife to coerce her into settling their property agreement. Id.
On appeal, the Morrison Court held that even this non-physical threat, coupled with
misrepresentation of community property value, constituted extrinsic fraud. Id. By
applying this reasoning to the case at bar, the summary judgment evidence raises a fact
issue that Prickett physically threatened Hester. Thus, the evidence raised by Hester
with respect to Prickett's violent nature, coupled with his misrepresentation of community
assets, clearly exceeds the level of threat in Morrison and likewise constitutes evidence
9 sufficient to raise a fact issue on extrinsic fraud.
When a spouse is under a duty during settlement negotiations in a divorce to
disclose material information to the other spouse and the secretive disclosure leads to
reasonable reliance on an erroneous understanding, the agreement or divorce decree is
subject to rescission. Boyd v. Boyd, 67 S.W.3d 398, 404–05 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth
2002, no pet.). A duty to disclose arises from either a fiduciary relationship or where the
spouse is under a duty to speak "by force of circumstances." Id. at 405. Here, Prickett
was under a duty to speak by "force of circumstances" three different times during the
divorce proceedings: (1) when the trial court's temporary injunction was issued, (2)
during the partial disclosure on the telephone with Hester, and (3) when Prickett
discovered he would be receiving a non-employee compensation from the sale of Eagle
Testing.
With regard to the temporary injunction issued by the trial court, Prickett agreed to
the terms of the injunction, which prohibited him from "destroying, removing, concealing,
encumbering, transferring, or otherwise harming or reducing the value of the property of
one or both parties." This injunction also stated either party should refrain from
"misrepresenting or refusing to disclose to the other party or to the Court, on proper
request, the existence, amount, or location of any property of one or both of the parties."
Clearly, Prickett failed to meet this duty to speak.
Furthermore, Prickett also failed to meet his duty to speak under "force of
circumstances" in his partial disclosure to Hester over the telephone. If a spouse does,
in fact, choose to disclose some information, as the case here, such disclosure must be
10 complete and accurate. Id. During his phone call to Hester, there was evidence that
Prickett claimed that he was just an employee and had no partnership interest in the
company. This was a partial disclosure purposefully used by Prickett to convey a false
impression that he would not be entitled to any additional payout. There was summary
judgment evidence offered to show that Prickett knew he was going to receive employee
compensation in the event of a company sale; therefore, evidence of this concealment is
an issue of fact to be decided by a jury.
Finally, Prickett also had a duty to speak "by force of circumstances" when he
learned about his non-employee compensation in August of 2006. There was evidence
that Prickett failed to disclose the new information, which would have made his prior
financial representation inaccurate. Even without a fiduciary duty, Prickett had a duty to
disclose the new information when it was brought to his attention prior to the divorce
decree's finalization. Fraud occurs when one makes a representation, but fails to
disclose new information that makes the earlier representation misleading or untrue.
E.g. Playboy Enterprises, Inc. v. Editorial Caballeros, S.A. de C.V., 202 S.W.3d 250, 260
(Tex. App.—Corpus Christi 2006, pet. denied); Lesikar v. Rappeport, 33 S.W.3d 282, 299
(Tex. App.—Texarkana 2000, pet. denied). The evidence showed Prickett undoubtedly
knew about the pending sale prior to the divorce and purposely concealed this
information from Hester.
While Prickett is correct in asserting that once both spouses are represented by
counsel the parties are no longer under a duty to disclose, there was summary judgment
evidence Prickett chose to only partially disclose his financial situation. When one
11 voluntarily discloses certain information, he or she must disclose the whole truth to avoid
making a false impression. See Boyd, 67 S.W.3d at 405. Evidence that Prickett made
a threatening telephone call to Hester, partially disclosing incorrect information, if taken
as true for purposes of the summary judgment, is sufficient to create a fact issue.
In her bill of review petition, Hester presented evidence that Prickett unmistakably
knew he was going to be receiving the non-employee compensation and evaded
disclosing his financial situation after formal discovery. In addition, Hester provided
summary judgment evidence that Prickett verbally threatened her on the telephone and
warned her about the consequences, if she chose to pursue the issue further. Based on
the summary judgment evidence presented, there is a genuine issue of material fact that
Prickett committed extrinsic fraud unmixed with any negligence on the part of either
Hester or her attorney.
Therefore, we find Hester raised a fact issue that extrinsic fraud was committed,
precluding summary judgment. Likewise, we conclude the she provided the trial court
with more than a scintilla of probative evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact
that the property agreement was obtained through extrinsic fraud. Thus, the judgment
rendered against Hester on her bill of review action, seeking to re-adjudicate the division
of community property between her and Prickett, is reversed and remanded to the trial
court for trial on the merits of Hester's bill of review.1
1 While appellee raises the issue that his objection in the trial court to Hester's summary judgment affidavit was allegedly a "sham," this Court does not need to address this issue. An objection to a "sham" affidavit is subject to the same rules as any other objection to summary judgment, such that there must be a ruling or order on the objection. Arellano v. Americanes USA, LLC, 334 S.W.3d 326, 329–330 (Tex. App.—El Paso 2010, no pet.); Ramirez v. AHP Mut. Housing Ass'n, Inc., 2005 WL 425486, *2 n. 2 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2005, no pet.). 12 III. CONCLUSION
We reverse the trial court's judgment and remand to the trial court.
ROSE VELA Justice
Delivered and filed the 9th day of August, 2012.