Gates v. State

143 S.W.2d 780, 140 Tex. Crim. 228, 1940 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 583
CourtCourt of Criminal Appeals of Texas
DecidedJune 26, 1940
DocketNo. 20765
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 143 S.W.2d 780 (Gates v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gates v. State, 143 S.W.2d 780, 140 Tex. Crim. 228, 1940 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 583 (Tex. 1940).

Opinions

GRAVES, Judge.

The offense is murder; the punishment assessed is confinement in the State penitentiary for a term of twenty-five years.

The record shows that the homicide occurred at a beer tavern in Trinity County, Texas. It appears that the deceased had imbibed rather freely of both whisky and beer. He had [231]*231knocked one person down and when appellant went to quell the disturbance a difficulty arose which resulted in the killing. Appellant admitted the killing but contended that his action was in self-defense as the deceased was cutting him with a knife. This issue was very hotly contested.

Appellant was indicted in Trinity County, Texas, at the February Term, 1938. The case was transferred by change of venue to the district court of Walker County, and was by that court, on its own motion, transferred to the district court of Polk County, Texas.

Appellant’s first contention is that the court erred in overruling his motion questioning the jurisdiction of the district court of Polk County. He offered no proof in support of his motion, but insists that the order transferring the cause from Walker to Polk County is void on its face for several reasons: (1) That the order states no legal reason for a change of venue; (2) that the defendant not being present in court at the time the venue was changed from Walker County, and this being a capital case, the order is void; (3) that the defendant voluntarily submitted himself to the jurisdiction of the court in Polk County, and was neither placed in jail in Walker County nor entered into recognizance in Walker County as the order changing the venue directed.

Appellant’s contention that the order states no legal reason for a change of venue is without merit. The cause was transferred from Walker County to Polk County on the court’s own motion as provided by Art. 560, C. C. P. This article provides that: “Whenever in any case of felony the judge presiding shall be satisfied that a trial, alike fair and impartial to the accused and to the State, can not, from any cause, be had in the county in which the case is pending, he may, upon his own motion, order a change of venue to any county in his own, or in an adjoining district, stating in his order the grounds for such change of venue.”

In the instant case while the order of the trial judge does not follow the exact language of the statute in stating that a trial, alike fair and impartial to the accused and the State could not be had in Walker County, it does state facts to support a conclusion that both the defendant and the State could get a fairer and better trial in Polk County than would be possible in Walker County. At any rate, the appellant introduced no facts to show that the trial judge abused his discretion in this respect and to overturn the presumption that he did his [232]*232duty. It is our understanding that the revision upon appeal of such an order as was here made can only be had where it is shown that the rights of the accused have been materially prejudiced by the action of the court in changing the. venue. See Rothschild v. State, 7 Crim. App. 519; Bohannon v. State, 14 Tex. Crim. App. 271; Henderson v. State, 104 Texas Crim. Rep. 506; Norwood v. State, 116 Texas Crim. Rep. 283, 34 S. W. (2d) 590; Parrish v. State, 134 Texas Crim. Rep. 545, 116 S. W. (2d) 706. Having introduced no facts to support his contention, the presumption obtains that the trial judge acted in accordance with the statute.

The defendant’s contention that the order made by the Judge in Walker County was void, as he was not present in court at that time, is also without merit. It appears from the record that he was ill at the time. This question has been passed on before by this court. In Phipps v. State, 100 Texas Crim. Rep. 607, 272 S. W. 209, this court held that in preliminary matters of this nature, occurring before the actual trial, it was not necessary that a defendant be present. See Rothschild v. State, 7 Texas Crim. App. 519.

Appellant’s complaint because the record indicates that he neither entered into a recognizance nor was placed in jail in Walker County as directed by the order changing the venue from Walker County to Polk County, and that this order thus shows itself to be void, is untenable. The record does seem to indicate that appellant surrendered himself to the jurisdiction of the court in Polk County, but we do not think appellant can now be heard to complain that the order was void because it was not obeyed in these directory matters. Appellant relies in his contention on language appearing in the case of Harris v. State, 160 S. W. 447. That case, however, was explained and qualified in the case of Haley v. State, 288 S. W. 208. It is made to appear in the Haley case that neither of these things are a condition precedent to the jurisdiction of the court trying the case. As stated by Judge Hawkins on motion for rehearing:

“Presuming the order of the court changing the venue to be regular and for good cause, then to say that the execution or nonexecution of a recognizance would have anything' to do with conferring a right to try him in the new forum seems illogical, because that right already existed by virtue of the order, and the subsequent articles are directory as to how his presence in the new forum is assured.”

[233]*233By bill of exceptions No. 10 appellant complains of the following remarks by a private prosecutor in his closing address before the jury: “I guarantee you Harry Diminge is one of the best officer witnesses I have ever seen.”

Diminge was one of the State’s witnesses, and appeared to be a peace officer. It was appellant’s contention that the deceased had a knife with which he cut appellant’s jacket at the time deceased was killed, and appellant’s jacket with numerous cuts therein was exhibited before the jury, and it was claimed that such cuts were in the jacket at the time appellant was arrested by the officers, among whom was Diminge, who testified, along with others who gave like testimony, that there were no cuts in such jacket at the time of appellant’s arrest.

There had not been any effort to impeach the witness Diminge, and of course no testimony relative to his excellence as a witness nor to his truthfulness was admissible. Upon an objection to this complained of statement the court promptly instructed the jury to disregard the same; however the appellant reserved a bill of exceptions to the making of the statement. It is not every objectionable statement not borne out by the record that will result in a reversal of a case. It will be observed herein that the prosecutor merely stated that Diminge was one of the best officer witnesses he had ever seen, — not that he was the most truthful, not that his testimony was credible, and should be believed under oath, and it is not shown that such prosecutor claimed to know any more, nor saw any more than the jury might have known or seen from their observation of this witness while on the stand. There is naught to show that this remark was not based upon the witness’ demeanor while on the stand, and we note that the trial court very promptly upon objection instructed the jury to disregard such remarks. We are cited to the Jones case, 91 S. W. (2d) 342, in which the prosecutor said to the jury in argument, speaking of two peace officer-witnesses for the State: “These men are officers of long years of experience and have rendered faithful service, and are worthy of belief; I have worked with them.”

In the Thomas case, 109 Texas Crim. Rep. 578, 6 S. W.

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601 S.W.2d 350 (Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas, 1980)
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Bluebook (online)
143 S.W.2d 780, 140 Tex. Crim. 228, 1940 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 583, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/gates-v-state-texcrimapp-1940.