Gaston v. Department of Revenue

742 So. 2d 517, 1999 WL 933755
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedOctober 20, 1999
Docket98-3764
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 742 So. 2d 517 (Gaston v. Department of Revenue) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Gaston v. Department of Revenue, 742 So. 2d 517, 1999 WL 933755 (Fla. Ct. App. 1999).

Opinion

742 So.2d 517 (1999)

A. Joel GASTON, Appellant,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE and Public Employees Relations Commission, Appellees.

No. 98-3764.

District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District.

October 20, 1999.

*518 Thomas W. Brooks of Meyers and Brooks, P.A., Tallahassee, for Appellant.

Patrick Loebig, Chief Asst. General Counsel, and H. Wayne Mitchell, Assistant General Counsel, Office of the General Counsel, Department of Revenue, Tallahassee, for Appellee Department of Revenue; Jack E. Ruby, Assistant General Counsel, Public Employees Relations Commission, Tallahassee, for Appellee Public Employees Relations Commission.

WEBSTER, J.

Appellant (Gaston) seeks review of an order entered by appellee Public Employees Relations Commission (PERC) awarding him attorney fees following his successful challenge to termination of his employment with appellee Department of Revenue (DOR). He contends that PERC's order is erroneous in four respects: (1) in reducing the hourly rate determined by the hearing officer to be reasonable for the services performed by his attorneys; (2) in refusing to compensate his attorneys for time reasonably spent responding to exceptions filed by DOR to the hearing officer's recommended order finding no just cause for discipline; (3) in accepting the hearing officer's finding that no enhancement to the lodestar fee was justified; and (4) in refusing to compensate his attorneys for time spent litigating the amount of a reasonable fee. We reverse on issues one and two, and affirm on issues three and four.

I.

Introduction

In December 1997, PERC issued a final order holding that DOR had not had just cause to discipline Gaston. It directed that DOR reinstate Gaston, and awarded Gaston back pay, attorney fees and costs. *519 Gaston subsequently filed a proposal requesting $28,000.00 in attorney fees. DOR responded with a counter-proposal offering $5,581.00. In July 1998, following an evidentiary hearing, the hearing officer issued a recommended order that DOR pay Gaston $12,280.00 in attorney fees. In arriving at that figure, the hearing officer found from the expert testimony presented that $200.00 per hour was "a fair market rate" in Tallahassee for the services performed by Gaston's attorneys. The hearing officer refused to recommend compensation for 17 hours spent preparing a response to DOR's exceptions to the initial recommended order finding that DOR had not had just cause to discipline Gaston based upon his conclusion of law that, at the time the work was performed, such a response was not authorized. The hearing officer also refused to recommend any enhancement to the lodestar fee figure based upon his findings that there was nothing to suggest that Gaston had had any difficulty obtaining a competent lawyer; the fee arrangement between Gaston and his attorneys had involved only a small contingency amount; the case was not unusually difficult; and Gaston's attorneys were not prevented from taking on other cases because of the representation. Finally, the hearing officer refused to recommend a fee for the time spent litigating the amount of the fee to which Gaston was entitled because PERC had consistently taken the position that an award was not appropriate for such time. Both Gaston and DOR filed exceptions to portions of the recommended order.

In September 1998, PERC issued the final order which is the subject of this appeal. In that order, it rejected the hearing officer's finding that $200.00 per hour was a reasonable rate for the services performed by Gaston's attorneys, substituting its view that a reasonable hourly rate for such services was only $150.00. However, it agreed with the hearing officer that Gaston's attorneys were not entitled to a fee for time spent responding to DOR's exceptions to the initial recommended order finding that DOR had not had just cause to discipline Gaston because, at the time that work was performed, such a response was not authorized; that the facts of the case did not support any enhancement to the lodestar fee figure; and that no fee should be awarded for the time spent litigating the amount of the fee to which Gaston was entitled. Accordingly, it ordered DOR to pay a fee of $10,410.00 to Gaston's attorneys. This appeal followed, and we previously granted a motion by PERC, requesting that it be designated an appellee. See Public Employees Relations Comm'n v. City of Orlando, 452 So.2d 517, 519 (Fla. 1984) (permitting PERC to participate as a party in appellate proceedings to review its decisions "upon request or upon the designation of the party seeking review").

II.

The Applicable Fee Statute

It is undisputed that Gaston's entitlement to attorney fees was premised upon section 447.208(3)(e), Florida Statutes. At the outset, we are asked by PERC and DOR to determine which version of that statute applies. When PERC's final order was entered, and at all relevant times before that date, section 447.208(3)(e) read:

Any order of the commission [i.e., PERC] issued pursuant to this subsection may include back pay, if applicable, and an amount, to be determined by the commission and paid by the agency, for reasonable attorney's fees, witness fees, and other out-of-pocket expenses incurred during the prosecution of an appeal against an agency in which the commission sustains the employee.

§ 447.208(3)(e), Fla. Stat. (1997). In its most recent session, the legislature amended that paragraph by adding the following language to the end:

In determining the amount of an attorney's fee, the commission shall consider *520 only the number of hours reasonably spent on the appeal, comparing the number of hours spent on similar Career Service System appeals and the reasonable hourly rate charged in the geographic area for similar appeals, but not including litigation over the amount of the attorney's fee. This paragraph applies to future and pending cases.

Ch. 99-399, § 54, at 4396, Laws of Fla. Chapter 99-399 became effective on June 30, 1999. Id. § 60, at 4399.

PERC and DOR argue that the amended version of section 447.208(3)(e) applies because the legislature has expressly stated that it is to be applied to "pending cases." Gaston responds that chapter 99-399 is unconstitutional because it violates the single-subject rule found in article III, section 6, of the Florida Constitution; and because, even if it does not violate the single-subject rule, application to this case would result in deprivation of a vested right and, therefore, in an unconstitutional deprivation of due process of law.

It seems to us relatively clear that Gaston's right to attorney fees vested in September 1998, when PERC issued its final order. See Division of Workers' Compensation v. Brevda, 420 So.2d 887, 891 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (upon the entry of a judgment awarding attorney fees, a right under a fee statute ripens from a mere expectation into a vested right). Legislative enactments may not constitutionally interfere with vested rights. E.g., Bitterman v. Bitterman, 714 So.2d 356 (Fla. 1998); Cantor v. Davis, 489 So.2d 18 (Fla. 1986); Young v. Altenhaus, 472 So.2d 1152 (Fla.1985). However, because we conclude that the legislature did not intend for the 1999 amendment to apply to this case, we find it unnecessary to address Gaston's constitutional arguments. See State v. Gale Distrib., Inc., 349 So.2d 150, 153 (Fla. 1977) (to the extent possible, courts have a duty to construe a statute in such a way as to avoid conflict with the constitution).

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