Gastelum v. Blue Diamond Hospitality LLC

Opinion

1 2 3 7 8 FERNANDO GASTELUM, Case No. 5:21-cv-06234-EJD

9 Plaintiff, ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR NEW TRIAL AND/OR 10 v. ALTER JUDGMENT PURSUANT TO RULE 59 12 Defendant. Re: ECF No. 58

13 Plaintiff Fernando Gastelum moves for this Court for a new trial or to alter judgment 14 pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 59. The Court finds the motion appropriate for decision without oral 15 argument pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7-1(b). For the reasons provided herein, Plaintiff’s motion 16 is DENIED. 18 Defendant Blue Diamond Hospitality LLC’s (“Blue Diamond”) owns the Hampton Inn & 19 Suites Gilroy (“Hotel”) in Gilroy, California. Gastelum has a prosthetic leg and uses a wheelchair 20 and/or cane to ambulate. Gastelum brought this action alleging a single violation of the 21 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”) after he allegedly encountered a barrier to 22 accessibility when he visited the Hotel. Gastelum alleged that the Hotel entrance has a “passenger 23 loading zone” that lacks a marked access aisle as required by Section 503.3.3 of the ADA’s 2010 24 Standards for Accessible Design (“2010 Standards” or “2010 ADAAG”). See Second Am. 25 Compl. (“SAC”), ECF No. 37. 26 This Court denied Gastelum’s motion for summary judgment and granted Blue Diamond’s 27 motion for summary judgment on June 12, 2023. See Order Den. Def.’s Mot. to Dismiss SAC; 1 Den. Pl.’s Mot. for Summ. J.; and Granting Def.’s Mot. for Summ J. (“Order”), ECF No. 58. The 2 Order found that the Hotel does not have a passenger loading zone and therefore Gastelum could 3 not state an ADA claim based on the lack of a marked access aisle. The Court also declined to 4 exercise jurisdiction over Plaintiff’s Unruh Act claim and dismissed that claim. On June 12, 2023, 5 judgment was entered in favor of Blue Diamond. 6 Immediately following the entry of judgment, Gastelum moved for a new trial or to alter 7 judgment pursuant to Rule 59. See Pl. Fernando Gastelum’s Notice of Mot. and Mot. for New 8 Trial and/or Alter J. Pursuant to Rule 59 (“Mot.”), ECF No. 58. Blue Diamond opposes the 9 motion. See Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for New Trial and/or Alter J. Pursuant to Rule 59 (“Opp’n”), 10 ECF No. 59. 11 II. LEGAL STANDARD1 12 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 59(e) governs motions for reconsideration. A district 13 court may reconsider its grant of summary judgment under Rule 59(e). Sch. Dist. No. 1J, 14 Multnomah Cnty., Or. v. ACandS, Inc., 5 F.3d 1255, 1262 (9th Cir. 1993). “Under Rule 59(e), a 15 motion for reconsideration should not be granted, absent highly unusual circumstances,” which 16 includes “where the district court is presented with newly discovered evidence, committed clear 17 error, or if there is an intervening change in the controlling law.” 389 Orange St. Partners v. 18 Arnold, 179 F.3d 656, 665 (9th Cir. 1999); see also Civ. L.R. 7-9(a). Accordingly, 19 reconsideration is an “extraordinary remedy, to be used sparingly in the interest of finality and 20 conservation of judicial resources.” Kona Enters., Inc. v. Est. of Bishop, 229 F.3d 877, 890 (9th 21 Cir. 2000). 22 23

24 1 Plaintiff also moves for relief pursuant to Rule 59(a), which governs motions for new trials. Pursuant to Rule 59(a), a new trial may be granted “on all or some of the issues—and to any 25 party” after a jury trial or nonjury trial. Fed. R. Civ. P. 59(a). There was no trial in this case; Plaintiff filed the instant motion after summary judgment was granted. Indeed, “a Rule 59(a) 26 motion for new trial is not available on claims or causes of actions for which Plaintiffs never received a trial.” Merrill v. Cty. of Madera, 389 Fed. Appx. 613, 615 (9th Cir. 2010). 27 Accordingly, the Court considers Plaintiff’s motion under Rule 59(e). See McLean v. Gutierrez, No. 15-CV-275-RGK-SP, 2020 WL 2891987, at *2 (C.D. Cal. Mar. 31, 2020). III. DISCUSSION 1 Gastelum requests that this Court alter or amend the summary judgment by denying Blue 2 Diamond’s motion. The crux of Gastelum’s argument is that the existence of a passenger loading 3 zone at the Hotel is a disputed material fact. 4 Gastelum alleges four errors in fact and law in the Court’s Order: (1) the Court failed to 5 consider passenger loading zone “design features” in its analysis; (2) the Court should not have 6 considered Gebhardt’s testimony because he is not the architect of the Hotel; (3) the Court failed 7 to consider that “persons in fact load and unload at the disputed area” which suggests that the area 8 was designed for loading and unloading; and (4) Layman’s expert testimony regarding the design 9 of the Hotel was not credible because he is not the architect of the Hotel.2 Mot. at 11. For the 10 reasons discussed below, Plaintiff has failed to establish any basis for reconsideration under Rule 11 59(e): there has been no intervening change of controlling law; Plaintiff presents no new evidence; 12 there was no clear error in the Court’s entry of summary judgment; and there is no other basis for 13 granting Plaintiff’s motion. 14 Turning to his first contention, Gastelum asserts that it was an error in fact for the Court to 15 fail to consider the “design features” of the area at issue in reaching its conclusion that the Hotel 16 does not have a passenger loading zone. 17 The 2010 ADAAG requires three types of businesses to provide a passenger loading zone: 18 (1) medical care and long-term care facilities (§ 209.3); (2) valet parking (§ 209.4); and (3) 19 mechanical access parking garages (§ 209.5). See 2010 ADAAG § 209. According to Section 20 503 of the U.S. Access Board Guidelines, all other facilities—such as hotels—are not required to 21 provide passenger loading zones, but where voluntarily provided, they must be ADA compliant. 22 See U.S. Access Board, Chapter 5: Passenger Loading Zones, Guide to the ADA Accessibility 23 Standards, available at https://www.access-board.gov/ada/guides/chapter-5-passenger-loading- 24 zones). Section 503 specifically provides that “[o]nly those areas that are specifically designed or 25 26

27 2 The Court notes that Plaintiff’s motion is not based on newly discovered evidence nor an intervening change in law. 1 designated for passenger loading are considered ‘passenger loading zones’ under the Standards.” 2 Id. Gastelum contends that the Court’s analyses erred by focusing on whether the area at issue 3 was designated as a passenger loading zone and failing to consider whether the area was designed 4 to serve as a passenger loading zone. 5 As noted, there is no dispute that area at issue is not designated as a passenger loading 6 zone. Gastelum agrees that it is not a designated loading zone but contends that the “design 7 features” classify it as such. According to Gastelum, the photographs provided by Defendant’s 8 witness, Eric Gebhardt, reveal four design features that indicate the area was designed to be a 9 passenger loading zone: (1) a curb cutout; (2) a porte cochere, or a roofed structure extending from 10 the entrance of the Hotel; (3) lighting within the porte cochere; and (4) tile flooring, which differs 11 from the surrounding asphalt. Mot. at 8.; see Decl. of Eric Gebhardt in Support of Mot. to Dismiss 12 SAC, ECF No. 39-2. Gastelum suggests that, had the Court considered these design features, it 13 would have denied Blue Diamond’s cross-motion for summary judgment on the basis that the 14 existence of a passenger loading zone is a disputed material fact. 15 In reaching its decision to grant summary judgment, the Court considered the parties’ 16 moving papers including any photographs and declarations in support. See generally Order. 17 Gastelum’s motion for summary judgment is five pages in length with no attachments. At no 18 point in these five pages nor in his reply brief does Gastelum identify or describe any design 19 features specific to a passenger loading zone.3 The only evidence Gastelum provided in support of 20 his contention is a single conclusory statement that “[t]here was a passenger loading zone” at the 21 Hotel when he visited on or about June 30, 2021. Pl.’s Mot. for Summ. J. (“MSJ”), ECF No. 50 at 22 3–4; see Order at 16. His motion provides one photograph of the area at issue which appears to be 23 taken from the vantage point of someone standing directly outside the entrance of the Hotel. MSJ 24

25 3 Plaintiff’s Reply brief attached an excerpt from the U.S. Access Board Technical Guide 26 regarding passenger loading zones. This document primarily addresses the required compliance of a passenger loading zone but does identify “design features” of a passenger loading zone. In any 27 event, the Court considered this exhibit. See Order at 16. The Reply also attached two legal opinions, which are not evidentiary materials. Id. 1 at 3; see Order at 17. 2 In its opposition and cross-motion for summary judgment Blue Diamond argued that the 3 Hotel did not and does not provide a passenger loading zone. In support of its motion, Blue 4 Diamond submitted declarations of Eric Gebhardt and Gary Layman. Mr. Layman is a licensed 5 contractor and licensed Certified Access Specialist in California since 2009. See Decl. of Gary 6 Layman in Support of Def.’s Cross-MSJ (“Layman Decl.”), ECF No. 51-1, ¶ 2. Mr. Layman 7 stated there are “no design features, signs, or markings indicating that the area under the porte 8 cochere is for loading and unloading or for passenger drop-off and pick-up, or that the drive lane is 9 a passenger loading zone.” Id. ¶¶ 9, 13 (emphasis added). In his opinion, although passenger 10 loading and unloading may take place under the porte cochere, its main function “is for people to 11 check in to the hotel and be protected from the elements.” Id. ¶ 14. Based on his observations and 12 inspection, he concluded that “there is no designated or marked passenger loading zone at the 13 hotel front entrance.” Id. Mr. Gebhardt is the general manager of the Hotel. See Decl. of Eric 14 Gebhardt in Support of Def.’s Cross-MSJ (“Gebhardt Decl.”), ECF No. 51-2, ¶ 2. In his 15 declaration he provided three photographs depicting different angles of the front entrance of the 16 Hotel and stated that the “Hotel has no loading zone.” Id. ¶ 4; see Exs. 1–3. 17 The Court considered the declarations of both Layman and Gebhardt in reaching its 18 decision. See Order at 16–18. Gastelum did not provide any expert testimony to counter that of 19 Mr. Layman. Nevertheless, Gastelum now contends that the Court erred in fact and law by giving 20 weight to the testimonies of Mr. Layman and Mr. Gebhardt. Gastelum asserts that neither 21 individual are the original architects of the Hotel and, therefore, they are not qualified to opine on 22 whether the area at issue was specifically designed to be a passenger loading zone. Mot. at 8–10. 23 According to Gastelum, the Court “ignored the photographs . . . in which at least four separate 24 design features showed it is designed for passenger loading.” Id. at 9. Gastelum’s argument is 25 unavailing for two reasons. 26 First, although Gastelum now challenges the credibility of the expert testimony, at no point 27 did he seek to exclude the admission of Mr. Layman’s testimony. A court may consider expert 1 testimony that “both rests on a reliable foundation and is relevant to the task at hand.” Daubert v. 2 Merrell Dow Pharms., Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 597 (1993). “Expert opinion testimony is relevant if 3 the knowledge underlying it has a valid connection to the pertinent inquiry. And it is reliable if 4 the knowledge underlying it has a reliable basis in the knowledge and experience of the relevant 5 discipline.” Id. at 565. Here, Mr. Layman’s testimony was both reliable and relevant. In 6 addition to being a licensed contractor and licensed Certified Access Specialist in California, Mr. 7 Layman helped write the California Building Code Accessibility sections with the California 8 Division of State Architects Office. Layman Decl. ¶ 2. Mr. Laymen inspected the Hotel prior to 9 its opening and again in March 2022. Id. ¶ 7. His knowledge and experience are therefore “of the 10 relevant discipline.” Daubert, 509 U.S. at 565. 11 The fact that Mr. Layman and Mr. Gebhardt were not the “original architect[s]” of the 12 Hotel does not preclude them from commenting on whether the Hotel has a passenger loading 13 zone. Gastelum had the opportunity to present evidence to refute Mr. Layman or Mr. Gebhardt’s 14 testimony, but he chose not to do so. The Court did not err in fact nor law in considering either 15 declaration. 16 Second, Gastelum did not raise this “design feature” argument in his briefs and argues it 17 for the first time in this motion. A party may not use a motion for reconsideration and/or motion 18 to alter or amend judgment to present new arguments that should have been raised prior to 19 judgment. Kona Enters., 229 F.3d at 890 (“A Rule 59(e) motion may not be used to raise 20 arguments or present evidence for the first time when they could reasonably have been raised 21 earlier in the litigation.”); Marlyn Nutraceuticals, Inc. v. Mucos Pharma GmbH & Co., 571 F.3d 22 873, 880 (9th Cir. 2009) (“A motion for reconsideration may not be used to raise arguments or 23 present evidence for the first time when they could reasonably have been raised earlier in the 24 litigation.”). 25 Rather, a court’s reconsideration of a judgment is appropriate where “the district court . . . 26 [has] committed clear error. . . .” Sch. Dist. No. 1J, 5 F.3d at 1263. There is no strict definition of 27 “clear error, but “case law indicates that clear error should conform to a very exacting standard.” 1 Pet Food Express, Ltd. v. Royal Canin USA, Inc., No. 09-CV-1483-EMC, 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 2 141281, at *9 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 8, 2011) (internal quotation marks omitted). “The Ninth Circuit 3 has, at the very least, indicated that there is no clear error where the issue is ‘a debatable one.’” 4 Joe Hand Promotions, Inc. v. Mujadidi, No. 11-CV-5570 EMC, 2012 WL 4901429, at *1 (N.D. 5 Cal. Oct. 15, 2012) (citing McDowell v. Calderon, 197 F.3d 1253, 1256 (9th Cir. 1999)); see also 6 Carranza v. Lewis, No. 12-CV-01169-EJD, 2012 WL 3627790, at *1 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 21, 2012). 7 || Disagreeing with the Court’s decision is insufficient to establish a clear error. Campion v. Old 8 Republic Home Prot. Co., No. 09-CV-748-JMA NLS, 2011 WL 1935967, at *1 (S.D. Cal. May 9 |} 20, 2011) (‘Mere doubts or disagreement about the wisdom of a prior decision of this or a lower 10 || court will not suffice for this exception. To be clearly erroneous, a decision must strike us as more 11 than just maybe or probably wrong; it must be dead wrong.”) (quotations and citation omitted). 12 Here, the fact that Gastelum disagrees with the Court’s decision is insufficient to establish 13 an error of fact or law. Indeed, Gastelum failed to “make a showing sufficient to establish the 14 existence of an element essential to [. . .] [his] case . . . “ in failing to present any evidence to 15 refute the evidence put forth by Blue Diamond. Parth v. Pomona Valley Hosp. Med. Ctr., 630 a 16 F.3d 794, 798-99 (9th Cir. 2010). There is no “manifest injustice” under these circumstances. 3 17 Accordingly, the Court did not commit a clear error warranting reconsideration under Fed. 18 || R. Civ. P. 59. Plaintiff has failed to make the requisite showing for reconsideration. 19 || IV. CONCLUSION 20 For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff's motion is DENIED. 22 || Dated: July 25, 2023 eROD 24 EDWARD J. DAVILA 25 United States District Judge 26 27 28 || Case No.: 5:21-cv-06234-EJD ORDER DEN. PL.’S MOT. FOR NEW TRIAL AND/OR TO ALTER J.