Gary Santos Guzman v. Commonwealth of Virginia

• Court: Court of Appeals of Virginia
• Decided: June 25, 2002
• Docket: 2329012
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA

Present: Judges Willis, Bray and Humphreys Argued at Richmond, Virginia

GARY SANTOS GUZMAN MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 2329-01-2 JUDGE RICHARD S. BRAY JUNE 25, 2002 COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA

FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF CHESTERFIELD COUNTY Timothy J. Hauler, Judge

Christopher C. Booberg (Theodore Tondrowski; Thorsen & Scher L.L.P., on brief), for appellant.

Margaret W. Reed, Assistant Attorney General (Jerry W. Kilgore, Attorney General, on brief), for appellee.

Gary Santos Guzman (defendant) was convicted in a bench trial

for assault and battery of his son, F.G., a violation of Code

§ 18.2-57.2. On appeal, he challenges the sufficiency of the

evidence to prove the offense, arguing he acted with reason and

moderation to "prevent a dangerous situation" and "punish [F.G.]

for ignoring his directives." Finding no error, we affirm the

conviction.

The parties are fully conversant with the record, and this

memorandum opinion recites only those facts necessary to a

disposition of the appeal.

* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. I.

In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we consider the

record "'in the light most favorable to the Commonwealth, giving

it all reasonable inferences fairly deducible therefrom. In so

doing, we must discard the evidence of the accused in conflict

with that of the Commonwealth, and regard as true all the credible

evidence favorable to the Commonwealth . . . .'" Watkins v.

Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 335, 348, 494 S.E.2d 859, 866 (1998)

(citation omitted). The credibility of the witnesses, the weight

accorded testimony, and the inferences drawn from the proven facts

are matters to be determined by the fact finder. See Long v.

Commonwealth, 8 Va. App. 194, 199, 379 S.E.2d 473, 476 (1989).

The judgment of the trial court will not be disturbed unless

plainly wrong or unsupported by evidence. See Code § 8.01-680.

Viewed accordingly, the record discloses that, on the evening

of November 24, 2000, defendant's daughter, A.G., age twelve, was

"[l]aying down with [her baby sister] on the couch" when the

infant began "crying." While defendant was "telling [the baby] to

be quiet," A.G. "told him to stop," and he "hit" A.G. "[o]nce"

"[o]n the face" with his "[o]pen" "hand." Defendant then turned

his attention to F.G., his ten-year-old son "sitting by the

fireplace," "wrestling with [the fire]." Defendant "told him to

stop" and, when F.G. didn't comply, "started hitting him," "once

or twice," "[o]n his face" with a "closed" "hand."

- 2 - Chesterfield County Police Officer J.A. Blankenship

responded to the Guzman residence on the evening of the

incidents. Investigating, Blankenship noticed "a small

laceration in the corner of [F.G.'s] right eye, sort of upon his

nose area" and "a scrape on his right shin" and arrested

defendant for the instant offense.

Recalling the events in issue, defendant testified his

infant had begun to cry, and, as he "tried to tell her to be

quiet," A.G. "reacted to [him] yelling" at the child. Defendant

admitted "[he] was just frustrated," because "it was really hard

enough with the two-year-old," without A.G. "trying to talk back

at [him]." However, defendant claimed he "did not smack" A.G.,

but "gently put [his] hand on the side of her face and rubbed it

as an insinuation that [he] [would] smack her if she [didn't]

stop."

Defendant further testified that F.G. then "started playing

with [the] fire," using "a stick" to "go[] up inside the fire"

and "mov[e] the charcoal around." When defendant "told him to

quit it," F.G. "took [the stick] out," "put it on the rug, and

it started burning the rug." Defendant then "grabbed [F.G.] on

the shoulder," "shoved him on the floor," "moved him away from

the fire," "took the stick away and put [the fire] out."

Defendant admitted he "may have smacked [F.G.] on the face," but

denied "punch[ing] him twice," adding, "if I had . . . , there'd

be a bruise on his face, not a scratch."

- 3 - On cross-examination, defendant initially testified that he

"may have had one beer" during the evening, but later admitted

he "[couldn't] recall how many [he] may have had." Asked by the

prosecutor, "[h]ow exactly did you put [F.G.] on the floor,"

defendant responded:

I grabbed his arm and pulled him away from the fire. In the meantime, he was falling down off of the log, and he fell onto the floor. That's when I got on him, and I put my arm on him and smacked his butt and then smacked him on the face and told him, I told you to get away from there. I don't have to tell you ten times to get away from the fire.

At the conclusion of all the evidence, defendant moved to

strike the Commonwealth's argument, characterizing his conduct

as "well within the bounds of . . . what courts are going to say

is allowable, given personal viewpoints on what discipline is

supposed to be." The trial court, however, disagreed, overruled

the motion and convicted defendant of the subject offense,

resulting in this appeal.

II.

[W]hile parents or persons standing in loco parentis may administer such reasonable and timely punishment as may be necessary to correct faults in a growing child, the right cannot be used as a cloak for the exercise of uncontrolled passion, and [a parent] may be criminally liable for assault and battery if he inflicts corporal punishment which exceeds the bounds of due moderation.

- 4 - Harbaugh v. Commonwealth, 209 Va. 695, 697-98, 167 S.E.2d 329, 332

(1969); see also Carpenter v. Commonwealth, 186 Va. 851, 860-61,

44 S.E.2d 419, 420-21 (1947).

[W]here a question is raised as to whether punishment had been moderate or excessive, the fact is one for the [fact finder] to determine from the attending circumstances, considering the age, size and conduct of the child, the nature of the misconduct, and the kind of marks or wounds inflicted on the body of the child.

Harbaugh, 209 Va. at 698, 167 S.E.2d at 332.

Here, defendant, consuming alcohol and admittedly

"frustrated" by his children's behavior, "smacked [his son] on the

face," "once or twice," with a "closed" "hand." As a result,

F.G., age ten, suffered a "laceration in the corner of his right

eye," "upon his nose area," and "a scrape on his right shin."

Such circumstances support the finding that defendant committed an

assault and battery upon F.G., notwithstanding his testimony to

the contrary. See Marable v. Commonwealth, 27 Va. App. 505,

509-10, 500 S.E.2d 233, 235 (1998) ("In its role of judging

witness credibility, the fact finder is entitled to disbelieve the

self-serving testimony of the accused and to conclude that [he] is

lying to conceal his guilt.").

Accordingly, we find the evidence sufficient to support the

conviction and affirm the trial court.

Affirmed.

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