Garrett v. Jeffcoat

350 F. Supp. 197, 1972 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11436
CourtDistrict Court, D. South Carolina
DecidedOctober 26, 1972
DocketCiv. A. No. 72-612
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 350 F. Supp. 197 (Garrett v. Jeffcoat) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, D. South Carolina primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Garrett v. Jeffcoat, 350 F. Supp. 197, 1972 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11436 (D.S.C. 1972).

Opinion

ORDER

SIMONS, District Judge.

This matter is before the court upon Motion of the defendant, The United States of America, to dismiss the within action instituted by plaintiff pursuant to the Federal Tort Claims Act, 28 U.S.C. § 1346(b) and § 2671 et seq.

It appears from the record that on June 15, 1971, the plaintiff was a passenger in an automobile owned and being operated by Hastings A. Thomas, an employee of the United States Department of Agriculture who was at the time acting within the scope of his employment. The Thomas automobile was involved in a collision with another vehicle driven by the defendant, John Wesley Jeffcoat, which resulted in personal injuries to the plaintiff. Thereafter, the plaintiff filed a claim against the government for his damages. Plaintiff contends that the government was slow to react to the claim, and meanwhile plaintiff’s medical creditors were demanding payment of accounts incurred as a result of the accident. In this context the plaintiff accepted an offer of Thomas’ personal insurer for settlement in an amount equal to the full limits of the insurer’s policy, even though no suit had been filed against Thomas, no demand had been made against him, and no action had been taken by plaintiff to hold him personally liable. The terms of the settlement were embodied in a document entitled “Release.” 1

[198]*198It is quite clear from the terms of this instrument that it was not intended to be a full settlement, nor to release the defendant United States of America.

The sole issue raised by this defendant’s Motion is whether this release of the government employee and his personal insurer serves also to release the United States.

It is undisputed that the effect of the release is to be determined according to the law of South Carolina. However, the court is unable to discover any decision of the Supreme Court of this State which deals precisely with the question of whether a release of a servant also releases the master.

However, this court was faced with that issue in Seaboard Air Line Railroad Co. v. Coastal Distributing Co., 273 F.Supp. 340 (D.S.C.1967). There a truck owned by Coastal and being driven by its employee Hill collided with Seaboard’s train, and thereafter the railroad brought suit against Coastal and Hill for damages to its locomotive. Prior to trial, Seaboard settled with Hill, obtaining from the employee a release. At the trial, Coastal moved to dismiss the railroad’s action against it, contending that the plaintiff’s settlement with Coastal’s employee thereby exonerated it, since Coastal’s liability rested solely on the doctrine of respondeat superior. Thus, except for considerations arising out of the Federal Tort Claims Act, discussed below, Seaboard is on all fours with the present action.

Judge Russell, then of this court, said in Seaboard that although a master and servant are suable jointly, they are not strictly joint tort-feasors, for the liability of the master, resting solely on the principle of respondeat superior, is derivative and secondary. Since the liability is merely derivative and secondary, Judge Russell found that it logically followed that:

[T]he release, exoneration, “acquittal” of the servant Hill operates as a release or acquittal of Coastal. This is not merely upon the theory that the employer Coastal is denied the right [199]*199to recover over against the employee, “but upon the ground that the sole basis of liability is the negligence or wrongdoing of the employee imputed to the employer under the doctrine respondeat superior; the acquittal of the employee of wrongdoing conclusively negatives liability of the employer.” [Citations omitted], 273 F.Supp. at 343.

Thus, the court granted Coastal’s Motion to Dismiss, holding that the release of the servant likewise released the master.

There is other authority which supports such a rule. In 76 C.J.S. Release § 50b it is said:

In a situation where several persons are not actively joint tort-feasors,2 but one person commits the tort and is primarily liable while the liability of the other person is derivative or secondary, as where it arises under the doctrine of respondeat superior, the releasor’s acceptance of satisfaction, from one, discharges the other as well, as in the case of master and servant or principal and agent; and it has been held that this is true despite an attempted reservation of rights against the person secondarily liable, since if the rule were otherwise, such person would be liable without having recourse against the person primarily liable, the latter having been released.

Plaintiff maintains that this rule, as stated, should have no application to an action arising under the Federal Tort Claims Act. He argues that the reason for the rule, as stated above, is to protect the principal’s indemnity over against his servant. That logic cannot apply to this case, for United States v. Gilman, 347 U.S. 507, 74 S.Ct. 695, 98 L.Ed. 898 (1954), held that the government may not recover indemnity from one of its employees after it has been held liable under the Federal Tort Claims Act. But the right to seek indemnity is not the only reason for the rule; nor, this court would submit, is it the most important reason. As Judge Russell pointed out in Seaboard, the only ground upon which the master may be held liable under such facts is for the delicts of the servant. If the servant is excused from his tort, what ground remains to hold the master? Logic dictates that if the servant, whose negligence is imputed to the master, is exonerated from his conduct, then the master, whose liability is derivative, is necessarily also excused.

Plaintiff further contends that the rule that the release of the servant also releases the master should not apply here because of the recent case of Bartholomew v. McCartha, 255 S.C. 489, 179 S.E.2d 912 (1971), decided subsequent to Seaboard. In that case the South Carolina Supreme Court rejected the common-law rule that the release of one of multiple joint tort-feasors releases all. Rather, the court specifically embraced the view that “the release of one tortfeasor does not release others who wrongfully contributed to plaintiff’s injuries unless this was the intention of the parties, or unless plaintiff has, in fact, received full compensation amounting to a satisfaction.” 179 S.E.2d at 914. Plaintiff validly asserts that the liability of a master and servant is joint and several,3 and thus would apply the Bartholomew rule to the instant facts. But Bartholomew did not involve a master-servant situation — the joint tort-feasors there sued were the two drivers of separate vehicles, both of whom plaintiff claimed were liable for his injuries. Under those circumstances the Court held that the plaintiff’s taking a covenant from one of the defendants there did not bar proceeding against the other defendant. The significant relationship between the United States and Thomas in the current case is not that they are potential joint tort-feasors, but that [200]*200they are master and servant. And, as was pointed out in Seaboard,

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
350 F. Supp. 197, 1972 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 11436, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/garrett-v-jeffcoat-scd-1972.