Garcia v. Pinto

629 N.E.2d 103, 258 Ill. App. 3d 22, 195 Ill. Dec. 795, 1993 Ill. App. LEXIS 1972
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedDecember 29, 1993
Docket1-92-0809
StatusPublished
Cited by14 cases

This text of 629 N.E.2d 103 (Garcia v. Pinto) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Garcia v. Pinto, 629 N.E.2d 103, 258 Ill. App. 3d 22, 195 Ill. Dec. 795, 1993 Ill. App. LEXIS 1972 (Ill. Ct. App. 1993).

Opinion

JUSTICE GREIMAN

delivered the opinion of the court;

Plaintiff Jeronimo Garcia appeals the trial court’s dismissal of his legal malpractice action against defendants Stephen G. Pinto and Stephen G. Pinto, Ltd. The trial court found that plaintiff’s action was time barred by a five-year statute of limitations period.

We reverse and remand the dismissal of plaintiff’s complaint because we find that the limitations period for the filing of the complaint was extended by the discovery rule.

On December 18, 1986, plaintiff filed his legal malpractice action against defendants arising from defendants’ representation of plaintiff in a workers’ compensation claim. In his complaint, plaintiff alleged that the claim filed with the Industrial Commission was dismissed for want of prosecution on November 18, 1981, and that such dismissal was caused by various acts of negligence on the part of defendants.

Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on the grounds that it was barred by the applicable statute of limitations, which was set out in section 13 — 205 of the Code of Civil Procedure and which stated that civil actions not otherwise provided for "shall be commenced within 5 years next after the cause of action accrued.” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1985, ch. 110, par. 13 — 205.) Defendants asserted that plaintiff’s cause of action accrued on November 18, 1981, i.e., the date plaintiffs workers’ compensation claim was dismissed for want of prosecution, and, therefore, the five-year limitation period expired on November 18, 1986, i.e., one month before plaintiff filed his lawsuit.

Defendants’ motion to dismiss further alleged that on April 1, 1984, plaintiff, according to his deposition testimony, became aware of the dismissal of his workers’ compensation claim and suspected that the dismissal resulted from defendants’ negligence. Since the statute of limitations would not expire for 2½ years (November 18, 1986) subsequent to the time plaintiff knew about defendants’ alleged negligence (April 1, 1984), defendants maintained that there was no need to resort to the discovery rule to extend the limitations period from the time of plaintiffs discovery of the existence of a cause of action.

The trial court expressly followed the decision in Dolce v. Gamberdino (1978), 60 Ill. App. 3d 124, 376 N.E.2d 273, and refused to apply the discovery rule in determining when plaintiffs cause of action accrued and thereby granted defendants’ motion to dismiss.

On appeal plaintiff asserts that his cause of action accrued in April 1984 when he discovered the malpractice of his attorney and that the statute of limitations would then begin to run with the application of the discovery rule. Plaintiff argues that Dolce was wrongly decided and improperly limited the.discovery rule.

Defendants contend that we ought to follow Dolce, which precludes application of the discovery rule where the plaintiff discovers his cause of action and still has a reasonable time within which to file an action before expiration of the limitations period. In the case at bar, plaintiff acknowledges that he had 2½ years after discovery of a cause of action within which to file the action against defendants.

Initially we observe that legal malpractice claims prior to 1991 were governed by section 13 — 205 (e.g., Suppressed v. Suppressed (1990), 206 Ill. App. 3d 918, 565 N.E.2d 101), which imposed the general five-year period of limitations at issue in the present case. However, a specific statute of limitations for legal malpractice claims became effective on January 1, 1991, and provides that such action "must be commenced within 2 years from the time the person bringing the action knew or reasonably should have known of the injury for which damages are sought.” (Ill. Rev. Stat. 1991, ch. 110, par. 13 — 214.3(b) (now 735 ILCS 5/13 — 214.3(b) (West 1992)).) Section 13 — 214.3 statutorily accepts the discovery rule which serves to trigger a statute of limitations period at the time the injured party knows or reasonably should know that he has suffered an injury which was wrongfully caused.

We cannot and do not apply section 13 — 214.3 retrospectively to resolve the issue before us now. We find, however, that courts have often applied the discovery rule to various causes of actions in accordance with the principles underlying the recently enacted section 13 — 214.3 and contrary to the Dolce decision.

We recognize that Illinois appellate courts, together with courts in other jurisdictions, have taken different positions as to when a legal malpractice action accrues. (Belden v. Emmerman (1990), 203 Ill. App. 3d 265, 268-69, 560 N.E.2d 1180; Zupan v. Berman (1986), 142 Ill. App. 3d 396, 398, 491 N.E.2d 1349; Tucek v. Grant (1984), 129 Ill. App. 3d 236, 240, 472 N.E.2d 563.) Belden and Zupan were both decided in the first district subsequent to Dolce, and while they acknowledged the split in authority on this issue, they found that their results would be the same regardless which line of authority they followed. Accordingly, neither Belden nor Zupan addressed, let alone supported, the reasonableness and soundness of the Dolce opinion, which has been the subject of criticism (see, e.g., Bonanno v. Potthoff (N.D. Ill. 1981), 527 F. Supp. 561, 565).

Notwithstanding this conflict, we reverse and remand because our courts have determined that the discovery rule postpones the starting of the period of limitations until the injured party knows or should have known of his injury. Superior Bank FSB v. Golding (1992), 152 Ill. 2d 480, 605 N.E.2d 514; Stelzer v. Matthews Roofing Co. (1987), 117 Ill. 2d 186, 511 N.E.2d 421; Knox College v. Celotex Corp. (1981), 88 Ill. 2d 407, 430 N.E.2d 976; Hale v. Murphy (1987), 157 Ill. App. 3d 531, 510 N.E.2d 488; Tucek, 129 Ill. App. 3d 236, 472 N.E.2d 563; Coleman v. Hinsdale Emergency Medical Corp. (1982), 108 Ill. App. 3d 525, 439 N.E.2d 20; Kohler v. Woollen, Brown & Hawkins (1973), 15 Ill. App. 3d 455, 304 N.E.2d 677; Bonanno, 527 F. Supp. 561.

Generally, a cause of action for legal malpractice arises at the time of the negligent act when the attorney breaches his duty to act skillfully and diligently in representing his client.

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Bluebook (online)
629 N.E.2d 103, 258 Ill. App. 3d 22, 195 Ill. Dec. 795, 1993 Ill. App. LEXIS 1972, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/garcia-v-pinto-illappct-1993.