Garcia-Maldonado v. State

751 S.E.2d 149, 324 Ga. App. 518, 2013 Fulton County D. Rep. 3452, 2013 WL 5931975, 2013 Ga. App. LEXIS 878
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedNovember 6, 2013
DocketA13A2262
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 751 S.E.2d 149 (Garcia-Maldonado v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Garcia-Maldonado v. State, 751 S.E.2d 149, 324 Ga. App. 518, 2013 Fulton County D. Rep. 3452, 2013 WL 5931975, 2013 Ga. App. LEXIS 878 (Ga. Ct. App. 2013).

Opinion

BARNES, Presiding Judge.

Following a joint trial, a jury found the appellant, Agustin Garcia-Maldonado, and his two co-defendants, Lucio Flores and Fedrico Venegas Lopez, guilty of trafficking in methamphetamine. Flores and Lopez also were found guilty of possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony. In Flores v. State, 308 Ga. App. 368 (707 SE2d 578) (2011), we affirmed Flores’ convictions but reversed Lopez’s convictions for lack of sufficient evidence. Garcia-Maldonado now appeals from the denial of his motion for new trial, contending that the evidence was insufficient to support his drug trafficking conviction. Upon our review, we affirm.

Following a criminal conviction, we construe the evidence in the light most favorable to the jury’s verdict. Sidner v. State, 304 Ga. App. 373, 374 (696 SE2d 398) (2010). “We neither weigh the evidence nor judge the credibility of witnesses, but determine only whether, after viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution, a rational trier of fact could have found the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Id. See Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U. S. 307 (99 SCt 2781, 61 LE2d 560) (1979).

As set forth in our opinion in Flores, when viewed in the light most favorable to the prosecution, the record in this case shows that on June 20, 2008,

police officers arrested an individual for allegedly trafficking in methamphetamine [and] then, the same day, sought his assistance as a confidential informant in other investigations. With an officer present, the confidential informant engaged in a telephone conversation via speaker phone with what sounded to the officer to be a Spanish-speaking male. After the conversation ended, the confidential informant, the officer and two other officers drove the confidential informant’s vehicle and an unmarked police vehicle to a motel, where the officers began a surveillance of the motel parking lot; the surveillance lasted about an hour. During [519]*519the surveillance, the confidential informant engaged in another phone conversation with what sounded to an officer to be a Spanish-speaking male. After that phone call concluded, a green vehicle entered the parking lot. The driver of that vehicle, Garcia-Maldonad[o], parked it and remained inside.
Three to four minutes later, a black vehicle entered the parking lot and drove in front of the room where the informant was standing, approximately 150 feet away from the green vehicle. When the informant approached the black vehicle and made contact with its occupants, officers moved in and pulled the occupants out of both vehicles.
Flores was the driver of the black vehicle, and Lopez was the passenger. Officers found a handgun on the driver’s side floorboard, and a handgun on Lopez’s person. They found no drugs in the black vehicle.
In the green vehicle, in a container under the driver’s seat, officers found 446.74 grams[, or approximately one pound,] of methamphetamine. Garcia-Maldonad[o] told one of the officers at the scene that the vehicle was not his, that he did not know what was in the vehicle, and that he was being paid to drive the vehicle. Police established that both vehicles were registered in names other than the defendants’ names. At trial, all three defendants used interpreters to translate what was being said in the proceedings from English to Spanish and vice versa.
[Flores and Lopez did not testify. In contrast,] GarciaMaldonad[o] testified that Flores had agreed to lend him [$500] if he did Flores a “favor,” which was to drive the vehicle. As Flores had instructed, Garcia-Maldonad[o] met him at a gas station to get the vehicle. There, Flores gave Garcia-Maldonad[o] keys to the vehicle, instructed him on where to drive and park, and then led him to the motel. Garcia-Maldonad[o] added that “sometimes they were behind me and sometimes they were in front of me,” and that he was able to arrive before Flores because he “got ahead of them” and knew where he “needed to go.”
A police officer with experience and specialized training in narcotics investigations testified that with an “advance [d] drug dealer, which is anything more than an ounce” of drugs, there is usually a second car, so that the dealers and the drugs are not in the same car. “[T]hey don’t want to mix both of them together, be taken down and . . . lose everything.”

(Footnote omitted.) Flores, 308 Ga. App. at 369-370 (1).

[520]*520On appeal, Garcia-Maldonado contends that the evidence was insufficient to support his conviction for trafficking in methamphetamine. He argues that the State failed to prove that he knowingly-possessed the methamphetamine found underneath the driver’s seat of the green vehicle which he drove to the motel, and that his mere presence in the vehicle and spatial proximity to the drugs was insufficient to support a finding that he was in constructive possession of the contraband. We disagree.

“Any person who knowingly . . . has possession of 28 grams or more of methamphetamine ... commits the felony offense of trafficking in methamphetamine.” OCGA § 16-13-31 (e) (2008).1 “It is not necessary that a defendant have actual and exclusive possession of the contraband; possession may be joint and constructive.” Osorio v. State, 323 Ga. App. 843, 844 (1) (748 SE2d 483) (2013). “Aperson who, though not in actual possession, knowingly has both the power and intention at a given time to exercise dominion or control over a thing is then in constructive possession of it,” and if two or more persons “shared . . . constructive possession of a thing, possession is joint.” (Citation and punctuation omitted.) Cochran v. State, 300 Ga. App. 92, 94 (1) (a) (684 SE2d 136) (2009). So long as there is “slight evidence of access, power, and intention to exercise control or dominion over the [contraband], the question of fact regarding [joint] constructive possession remains within the domain of the trier of fact.” Evans v. State, 185 Ga. App. 805, 806 (366 SE2d 165) (1988).

Applying these principles, we conclude that the jury was authorized to find that Garcia-Maldonado was in joint constructive possession of the methamphetamine found under the seat of the vehicle he was driving. The evidence showed that Garcia-Maldonado met Flores in the parking lot of a gas station shortly before the drug transaction, where he was given the keys to the green vehicle containing approximately one pound of methamphetamine and was instructed where to drive and park; that he arrived at the scene of the drug transaction first, parked the green vehicle, and appeared to wait for the second vehicle; that he was the driver and sole occupant of the green vehicle in which the drugs were stashed; and that, by his own admission, he had been offered a large sum of money to drive the green vehicle to the motel. This combined evidence, particularly in [521]*521conjunction with the experienced officer’s testimony that large drug transactions often involve the use of two cars by drug dealers, was sufficient to authorize Garcia-Maldonado’s drug trafficking conviction. See, e.g., Aguilera v. State, 320 Ga. App.

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Bluebook (online)
751 S.E.2d 149, 324 Ga. App. 518, 2013 Fulton County D. Rep. 3452, 2013 WL 5931975, 2013 Ga. App. LEXIS 878, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/garcia-maldonado-v-state-gactapp-2013.