AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed July 29, 2013.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-12-00029-CR
JOSEPH PETER GARBARINI, III, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 429th Judicial District Court Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 296-80759-2011
OPINION Before Justices Moseley, O'Neill, and Lewis Opinion by Justice O’Neill Joseph Peter Garbarini, III appeals his convictions for continuous sexual abuse of a child
and sexual performance by a child. After the jury found appellant guilty of the offenses, the trial
court assessed punishment at fifty-two years’ confinement in the continuous sexual abuse case
and ten years’ confinement in the sexual performance case. In three points of error, appellant
contends: (1) the trial court erred in overruling his motion to suppress evidence, and (2) the
evidence is insufficient to support his convictions. For the following reasons, we affirm
appellant’s convictions.
Appellant was a kindergarten teacher in the Plano Independent School District. The
grand jury alleged, in a two-count indictment, that appellant committed the offenses of
continuous sexual abuse of a child and sexual performance by a child. The victims of the
offenses were two of appellant’s female kindergarten students. At trial, the State presented evidence that at the end of the 2009-10 school year, on May
19, 2010, S.T. made an outcry appellant had improperly touched her during a game they played
called the mommy/baby game. The improper touching occurred when appellant was pretending
to change S.T.’s diaper. S.T. was interviewed the day of her outcry at the Child Advocacy
Center. A videotape of her interview was admitted into evidence. During her interview, S.T.
stated that appellant “plays house” with her and pretends to change her diaper. She said
appellant would put his hand inside her pants, but not inside her panties, when he was pretending
to wipe her. She said appellant had done this a “bunch of times,” and more than five times. She
said sometimes appellant touched her “privacy bone” so hard that it hurt.
When appellant was confronted with S.T.’s allegations, he immediately resigned. After
his resignation, the other kindergarteners in his class, including M.P., were interviewed about
appellant. M.P. initially denied any inappropriate behavior. However, the evening after she was
first interviewed, M.P. told her mother that she had not told the truth about appellant and the
“baby game” and that appellant had touched her inappropriately. M.P. told her mother that
appellant had started touching her after Christmas and that it happened “a lot . . . almost every
day.” M.P. was subsequently interviewed again at the Child Advocacy Center. M.P.’s interview
was recorded and admitted into evidence. In her interview, M.P. stated appellant would pick
them up and “grab on” their “wrong spot . . . where you pee.” She said he used his hand. M.P.
displayed how appellant touched her and others with his hand and fingers. She said it happened
more than five times.
Police subsequently obtained a search warrant of appellant’s residence and discovered
numerous items of evidence establishing that appellant has an infantilism fetish, and particularly
a fetish about diapers. Police found thousands of diapers made for adults with such fetishes, both
clean and soiled, throughout his residence. Appellant also had a cage in the residence where he
–2– would lock himself up as part of a sex game that included wearing diapers. The only bed in the
house was a toddler princess bed with bondage restraints on each corner where appellant would
restrain himself with a time lock. A videotape appellant took of himself playing this “game”
showed him lying on the toddler bed in diapers.
Appellant’s defense at trial was he did not touch the children, he was not a pedophile, and
his sexual disorders did not involve children. The jury nevertheless found appellant guilty of
continuous sexual abuse and sexual performance by a child.
In his first point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in overruling his motion
to suppress evidence. Appellant filed a pretrial motion to suppress evidence seized during the
search of his residence. The search was performed pursuant to a warrant. Appellant complains
the affidavit on which the warrant was based failed to establish sufficient probable cause.
In briefing this issue, appellant has failed to identify what evidence he complains was
improperly admitted at trial. Nor has appellant directed this Court to where in the record any
such evidence was admitted. An appellant must include in his brief a “clear and concise
argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.”
TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). This case highlights the necessity for such a requirement. Specifically,
after independently reviewing the record, and locating the portions of the record where the
complained-of evidence was admitted, it is clear appellant waived any error in the trial court’s
ruling on the motion to suppress by stating he had no objection to the complained-of evidence.
Generally, when a trial court denies a pretrial motion to suppress evidence, a defendant
need not subsequently object to the admission of the same evidence at trial in order to preserve
error. Garza v. State, 126 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Moraguez v. State, 701
S.W.2d 902, 904 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). However, it is well-settled that a defendant waives
any error in the pretrial ruling if he affirmatively states he has “no objection” to the complained-
–3– of evidence when it is offered at trial. Ex parte Moore, 395 S.W.3d 152, 157 (Tex. Crim. App.
2013); Swain v. State, 181 S.W.3d 359, 368 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Moraguez, 701 S.W.2d at
904. Because appellant affirmatively stated he had “no objection” when the State offered the
evidence seized in the search of his residence, he waived error, if any, in the trial court’s ruling
on the motion to suppress. We overrule appellant’s first point of error.
In his second point of error, appellant contends the evidence is legally insufficient to
support his conviction for continuous sexual abuse. Specifically, he asserts the State failed to
prove the abuse occurred over a period of thirty or more days. When reviewing the legal
sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we view all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict, asking whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319
(1979); Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 899, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). A jury may believe
all, some, or none of any witness’s testimony. Sharp v. State, 707 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1986). The jury may draw reasonable inferences from the evidence and we presume the
jury resolved all inconsistencies in the evidence in favor of the verdict.
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AFFIRM; and Opinion Filed July 29, 2013.
S In The Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas
No. 05-12-00029-CR
JOSEPH PETER GARBARINI, III, Appellant V. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
On Appeal from the 429th Judicial District Court Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 296-80759-2011
OPINION Before Justices Moseley, O'Neill, and Lewis Opinion by Justice O’Neill Joseph Peter Garbarini, III appeals his convictions for continuous sexual abuse of a child
and sexual performance by a child. After the jury found appellant guilty of the offenses, the trial
court assessed punishment at fifty-two years’ confinement in the continuous sexual abuse case
and ten years’ confinement in the sexual performance case. In three points of error, appellant
contends: (1) the trial court erred in overruling his motion to suppress evidence, and (2) the
evidence is insufficient to support his convictions. For the following reasons, we affirm
appellant’s convictions.
Appellant was a kindergarten teacher in the Plano Independent School District. The
grand jury alleged, in a two-count indictment, that appellant committed the offenses of
continuous sexual abuse of a child and sexual performance by a child. The victims of the
offenses were two of appellant’s female kindergarten students. At trial, the State presented evidence that at the end of the 2009-10 school year, on May
19, 2010, S.T. made an outcry appellant had improperly touched her during a game they played
called the mommy/baby game. The improper touching occurred when appellant was pretending
to change S.T.’s diaper. S.T. was interviewed the day of her outcry at the Child Advocacy
Center. A videotape of her interview was admitted into evidence. During her interview, S.T.
stated that appellant “plays house” with her and pretends to change her diaper. She said
appellant would put his hand inside her pants, but not inside her panties, when he was pretending
to wipe her. She said appellant had done this a “bunch of times,” and more than five times. She
said sometimes appellant touched her “privacy bone” so hard that it hurt.
When appellant was confronted with S.T.’s allegations, he immediately resigned. After
his resignation, the other kindergarteners in his class, including M.P., were interviewed about
appellant. M.P. initially denied any inappropriate behavior. However, the evening after she was
first interviewed, M.P. told her mother that she had not told the truth about appellant and the
“baby game” and that appellant had touched her inappropriately. M.P. told her mother that
appellant had started touching her after Christmas and that it happened “a lot . . . almost every
day.” M.P. was subsequently interviewed again at the Child Advocacy Center. M.P.’s interview
was recorded and admitted into evidence. In her interview, M.P. stated appellant would pick
them up and “grab on” their “wrong spot . . . where you pee.” She said he used his hand. M.P.
displayed how appellant touched her and others with his hand and fingers. She said it happened
more than five times.
Police subsequently obtained a search warrant of appellant’s residence and discovered
numerous items of evidence establishing that appellant has an infantilism fetish, and particularly
a fetish about diapers. Police found thousands of diapers made for adults with such fetishes, both
clean and soiled, throughout his residence. Appellant also had a cage in the residence where he
–2– would lock himself up as part of a sex game that included wearing diapers. The only bed in the
house was a toddler princess bed with bondage restraints on each corner where appellant would
restrain himself with a time lock. A videotape appellant took of himself playing this “game”
showed him lying on the toddler bed in diapers.
Appellant’s defense at trial was he did not touch the children, he was not a pedophile, and
his sexual disorders did not involve children. The jury nevertheless found appellant guilty of
continuous sexual abuse and sexual performance by a child.
In his first point of error, appellant contends the trial court erred in overruling his motion
to suppress evidence. Appellant filed a pretrial motion to suppress evidence seized during the
search of his residence. The search was performed pursuant to a warrant. Appellant complains
the affidavit on which the warrant was based failed to establish sufficient probable cause.
In briefing this issue, appellant has failed to identify what evidence he complains was
improperly admitted at trial. Nor has appellant directed this Court to where in the record any
such evidence was admitted. An appellant must include in his brief a “clear and concise
argument for the contentions made, with appropriate citations to authorities and to the record.”
TEX. R. APP. P. 38.1(i). This case highlights the necessity for such a requirement. Specifically,
after independently reviewing the record, and locating the portions of the record where the
complained-of evidence was admitted, it is clear appellant waived any error in the trial court’s
ruling on the motion to suppress by stating he had no objection to the complained-of evidence.
Generally, when a trial court denies a pretrial motion to suppress evidence, a defendant
need not subsequently object to the admission of the same evidence at trial in order to preserve
error. Garza v. State, 126 S.W.3d 79, 84 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); Moraguez v. State, 701
S.W.2d 902, 904 (Tex. Crim. App. 1986). However, it is well-settled that a defendant waives
any error in the pretrial ruling if he affirmatively states he has “no objection” to the complained-
–3– of evidence when it is offered at trial. Ex parte Moore, 395 S.W.3d 152, 157 (Tex. Crim. App.
2013); Swain v. State, 181 S.W.3d 359, 368 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005); Moraguez, 701 S.W.2d at
904. Because appellant affirmatively stated he had “no objection” when the State offered the
evidence seized in the search of his residence, he waived error, if any, in the trial court’s ruling
on the motion to suppress. We overrule appellant’s first point of error.
In his second point of error, appellant contends the evidence is legally insufficient to
support his conviction for continuous sexual abuse. Specifically, he asserts the State failed to
prove the abuse occurred over a period of thirty or more days. When reviewing the legal
sufficiency of the evidence to support a conviction, we view all of the evidence in the light most
favorable to the verdict, asking whether any rational trier of fact could have found the essential
elements of the offense beyond a reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 319
(1979); Brooks v. State, 323 S.W.3d 893, 899, 912 (Tex. Crim. App. 2010). A jury may believe
all, some, or none of any witness’s testimony. Sharp v. State, 707 S.W.2d 611, 614 (Tex. Crim.
App. 1986). The jury may draw reasonable inferences from the evidence and we presume the
jury resolved all inconsistencies in the evidence in favor of the verdict. See Clayton v. State, 235
S.W.3d 772, 778 (Tex. Crim. App. 2007).
A person commits continuous sexual abuse if, during a period that is thirty days or more
in duration, he commits two or more acts of sexual abuse against a child younger than fourteen
years of age, regardless of whether the acts are committed against one or more victims. TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.02(b) (West 2011). An act of sexual abuse includes engaging in sexual
contact with a child by touching of any part of the genitals of a child, including through clothing,
if performed with the intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. See id; TEX.
PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.11(a)(1) (West 2011).
–4– Here, appellant asserts there is no evidence showing the acts of abuse proven occurred
over a period of more than thirty days. We disagree. S.T.’s father’s affidavit was admitted into
evidence without objection or limitation. In his affidavit, S.T.’s father states that S.T. told him
that appellant first touched her “puff” on her first day of school. The evidence at trial showed
that S.T. started school mid-year in January 2010. The State also presented evidence that
appellant engaged in sexual contact with S.T. in May 2010. Specifically, S.T. made her outcry
on May 19, 2010, and told her school principal that appellant had last touched her just the day
before. Additionally, in her interview, S.T. stated that appellant had touched her private area a
“bunch” of times. When asked whether it happened less than five times or more than five times,
she said, without hesitation, more than five times. M.P.’s mother testified at trial that M.P. told
her the touching started after Christmas and that it happened “a lot . . . almost every day.” M.P.
likewise stated in her interview that appellant had repeatedly touched her “wrong spot.” When
M.P. was asked whether it occurred less than five times or more than five times, she too stated
without hesitation more than five times. We conclude the jury could infer the offenses occurred
over a period of more than 30 days. We overrule appellant’s second point of error.
In his third point of error, appellant contends the evidence is legally insufficient to
support his conviction for sexual performance by a child. A person commits sexual performance
by a child if he employs, authorizes, or induces a child to engage in sexual conduct. TEX. PENAL
CODE ANN. § 43.25(b) (West 2011). Sexual conduct includes “sexual contact.” Id. Sexual
contact means any touching of the anus, breast, or any part of the genitals of any person with
intent to arouse or gratify the sexual desire of any person. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 43.01 (West
2011).
S.T. stated in her interview that after appellant pretended to change her diaper, he would
touch her private area pretending to “wipe” it, and then would “let” her do it. M.P. said she
–5– witnessed appellant playing the “baby game” with S.T. She stated that appellant told S.T. to
reach down in her pants and to “clean up the wrong spot.” S.T. did as she was instructed.
Appellant then asked if S.T. was “all clean down there.” M.P. said appellant was watching
S.T.’s hand when S.T. “wiped” herself. Evidence at trial showed that appellant had a sexual
fetish that involved diapers.
Appellant acknowledges there is some evidence that appellant directed S.T. to place her
hand on her female sexual organ, but asserts there is “absolutely no evidence that would allow a
rational fact finder to conclude this was “sexual conduct” as defined by the [Penal Code.]” He
wholly fails to articulate how the evidence fails to prove sexual conduct. As noted above, sexual
conduct includes “sexual contact.” Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the
verdict, we conclude the jury could rationally find appellant induced S.T. to engage in sexual
contact by directing her to place her hand on her female sexual organ to gratify his own sexual
desire. We overrule appellant’s third point of error.
We affirm appellant’s convictions.
/Michael J. O'Neill/ MICHAEL J. O'NEILL JUSTICE
Do Not Publish TEX. R. APP. P. 47
120029F.U05
–6– S Court of Appeals Fifth District of Texas at Dallas JUDGMENT
JOSEPH PETER GARBARINI III, On Appeal from the 429th Judicial District Appellant Court, Collin County, Texas Trial Court Cause No. 296-80759-2011. No. 05-12-00029-CR V. Opinion delivered by Justice O’Neill. Justices Moseley and Lewis participating. THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee
Based on the Court’s opinion of this date, the trial court’s judgments are AFFIRMED.
Judgment entered this 29th day of July, 2013.
–7–