NUMBER 13-06-00370-CV
COURT OF APPEALS
THIRTEENTH DISTRICT OF TEXAS
CORPUS CHRISTI - EDINBURG
G. CAMERON DUNCAN, JR., F.B. DUNCAN LAND PARTNERS, LTD., MAY SHELLMIRE DUNCAN, GENEVIEVE LYKES DUNCAN, MARY BELLE ROGERS, IN HER CAPACITIES AS EXECUTOR AND TRUSTEE OF THE ESTATE OF SUSAN HERSHEY HELM, DECEASED, AND OLIVE HERSHEY SPITZMILLER, Appellants,
v.
J. MICHAEL HERSHEY AND JEFFREY M. HERSHEY, Appellees.
On appeal from the 329th District Court of Wharton County, Texas.
MEMORANDUM OPINION Before Justices Rodriguez, Garza, and Wittig1 Memorandum Opinion by Justice Wittig
This is a real estate partition case involving ranch land owned by appellants, G.
Cameron Duncan, Jr., F. B. Duncan Land Partners, Ltd., May Shellmire Duncan,
Genevieve Lykes Duncan, Mary Belle Rogers, in her capacities as Executor and Trustee
of the Estate of Susan Hershey Helm, Deceased, and Olive Hershey Spitzmiller, and
appellees, J. Michael Hershey, Jeffrey M. Hershey, (and Matthew R. Helm, Bowie Helm,
and Reagan C. Helm), as tenants in common.2 The case has been the subject of three
prior appeals and had been ruled upon by three commissioners appointed by the trial court
to divide the property between its owners. The commissioners made three reports, which
were greeted by various objections. On the day the case was set for trial, February 6,
2006, the parties announced the case was settled and read a settlement agreement into
the record which was “accepted” by the trial judge.3
Appellants raise two issues. In their first issue, appellants assert the judgment does
not conform to their agreement and in their second issue they assert the judgment is
inconsistent with their agreement. Because the parties are familiar with the complex
undertaking necessary for the partition of the land, we do not include other non-essential
background. See TEX . R. APP. P. 47.1 We reverse and remand.
1 Retired Fourteenth Court of Appeals Justice Don W ittig assigned to this Court by the Chief Justice of the Suprem e Court of Texas pursuant to the governm ent code. T EX . G O V 'T C OD E A N N . § 74.003 (Vernon 2005).
2 The appeal of Matthew R. Helm , Bowie Helm , and Reagan C. Helm was dism issed by this court March 29, 2007 under cause num ber 13-07-00169-CV. According to the Hershey appellees, the Helm s are thus appellees in this appeal. The objections and defenses we address in this opinion are only those of the two Hershey appellees.
3 W e note the trial judge did not “render” judgm ent. See Comel Aluminiun Co. v. Dibrell, 450 S.W .2d 56, 59 (Tex. 1970); Cf. T EX . R. C IV . P. 11.
2 1. The Settlement Agreement
According to appellants, on the day of trial, the parties reached an agreement
“intending to resolve all outstanding issues.” A rule 11 agreement was dictated into the
record. The settlement divided various tracts of land to the respective parties. The record
reflects that counsel for the appellees queried: “In addition to that, the Ranch Road, we will
create a permanent easement whereby you have access to your land and for future
generations through the Ranch Road, correct?” Michael Hershey answered: “Yes.”
Notwithstanding the enunciated language of the agreement, the judgment awarded
appellees multiple additional easements through other parties’ properties and did not
mention the Ranch Road. Nor did the judgment burden appellees’ land with easements to
be owned by various appellants according to the Commissioners’ Report.
The judgment also contradicts provisions in the settlement regarding the “Home
Place.” The settlement awarded interests in the Home Place to the “Helm interests,” the
Estate of Susan Helm, Olive Spitzmiller, and “Cam Duncan.” The judgment however
awarded the same property to G. Cameron Duncan, Sr., Olive Spitzmiller, Bowie Helm, and
Matthew Helm. The Estate of Susan Helm received no interest.4 Furthermore, Cam
Duncan, who is G. Cameron Duncan, Jr., received no interest as stipulated in the
settlement agreement.5
4 As appellees point out in their brief, this particular Helm division m ay be harm less error if the two Helm brothers were no longer m inors and their beneficial interest could be awarded to them as adults. See T EX . R. A PP . P. 44.1(a)(1). However, neither party furnishes a record citation that would enable us to determ ine that the Helm brothers were the only beneficiaries intended to receive this apparent bequest, nor is the record clear that both brothers were old enough that their interests had vested under the term s of the granting instrum ent(s).
5 Appellees suggest that, upon inform ation and belief, G. Cam eron Duncan, Sr. is deceased.
3 The judgment further contradicts the settlement’s allocation of costs and
reimbursement of expenses. It provides in part for joint and several liability, when that
was not the agreement. Appellees concede this point, and in lieu of remand request that
we reform the judgment.
The judgment further contains multiple items not agreed to via the settlement of
record. For example, the judgment awarded tracts within the Duncan Brothers Ranch to
Olive Spitzmiller and the Duncan group though the settlement does not address such an
award. Similarly, Tract 33 is only partially divided to Spitzmiller, but it is divided otherwise
by the judgment. This tract is covered by the Commissioners’ Report, but the judgment
does not faithfully implement even those terms because the judgment does not specify
whether the owners are to hold undivided interests as tenants in common or provide the
manner in which the parties shall hold their varying interests in Tract 33.
2. Appellees Claim Estoppel
One appellee filed a mandamus the same day as the announced settlement,
February 6, 2006. Appellants filed a Preliminary Response, indicating in part, that a
settlement resolving all issues in controversy had been reached, and that there was no
existing controversy involving the relator, the judge, or the real parties in interest.
Thereafter, the mandamus petition was dismissed by this Court. Thus, appellees contend
appellants are judicially estopped, waived, or committed invited error to now contend there
was no settlement. They cite In the In re C.Z.B., 151 S.W.3d 627, 633 (Tex. App.–San
Antonio 2004, no pet.) (judicial estoppel is a common law principle which precludes a party
from asserting a position in a legal proceeding inconsistent with a position taken by that
party in the same or a prior litigation). “The doctrine is designed to protect the integrity of
4 the judicial process by preventing a party from ‘playing fast and loose’ with the courts to
suit its own purposes.” Id. (citing In re Phillips, 124 B.R. 712, 720 (Bankr. W.D.Tex.
1991)). Judicial estoppel most clearly applies where a party attempts to contradict its own
sworn statements made in prior litigation. Id. Appellees also cite Webb v. City of Dallas,
211 S.W.3d 808, 820 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2006, pet. denied) (doctrine of judicial estoppel
is most commonly applied to the sworn statements of witnesses; however it also applies
to the statements of attorneys explaining their clients' position in the litigation). Estoppel
is an affirmative defense. TEX . R. CIV. P. 94. Appellees do not point out where this
argument, or a corresponding objection and pleading was presented to the trial court. By
failing to raise this issue to the trial court, it is waived. In the Interest of C.Z.B., 151 S.W.3d
at 633. Even if we were to assume some type of estoppel, appellees’ argument begs the
question and does not address the gravamen of appellants’ appeal. The gravamen of
appellants’ argument is that the trial court varied the terms of the settlement agreement
and added terms not mentioned in the settlement. Furthermore, there was a lack of
required consent at the time the judgment was rendered. See Chisholm v. Chisholm, 209
S.W.3d 96, 98 (Tex. 2006).
Appellees next argue waiver. Waiver is an intentional relinquishment of a known
right or intentional conduct inconsistent with claiming that right. Barrand, Inc. v.
Whataburger, Inc., 214 S.W.3d 122, 144 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2006, pet. dism’d)
(citing Avary v. Bank of Am., N.A., 72 S.W.3d 779, 788 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2002, pet.
denied)). A waivable right may spring from law or from a contract. Id. (citing Tenneco Inc.
v. Enterprise Prods. Co., 925 S.W.2d 640, 643 (Tex. 1996)). Appellees contend that
although waiver is ordinarily a question of fact, when the facts and circumstances are
5 admitted or clearly established, the question becomes one of law. Whataburger, Inc., 214
S.W.3d at 144.
We agree that a party's express renunciation of a known right can establish waiver.
Tenneco Inc., 925 S.W.2d at 643. Silence or inaction, for so long a period as to show an
intention to yield the known right, is also enough to prove waiver. Id. Waiver is also an
affirmative defense. Id. Again, appellees do not point to any pleading of waiver or
objection ruled on by the trial court on this issue. Thus, this issue is waived. TEX . R. APP.
P. 33.1(a)(1)(A). In any event, appellants neither renounced nor sat silently when the trial
court entered a judgment contrary to the express terms of the announced settlement
agreement. Nor do we read appellants’ complaints to be that there was no settlement,
rather that it was incomplete with the trial judge entering a judgment not based upon the
agreement made.
Appellees next argue “invited error.” A litigant cannot ask something of a court and
then complain that the court committed error in giving it to him. Northeast Texas Motor
Lines, Inc. v. Hodges, 138 Tex. 280, 282, 158 S.W.2d 487, 488-89 (Tex. 1942) (because
party presented two issues together, it cannot be heard to complain that court chose the
issue the more onerous to it). Error in requesting an action cannot be urged by a party who
requested the same action. Corpus Christi Nat'l Bank v. Gerdes, 551 S.W.2d 521, 525
(Tex. Civ. App.–Corpus Christi 1977, writ ref’d n.r.e.). We agree in principle. However,
appellants attempt to have an agreed judgment entered by the trial court based on the rule
11 agreement, did not include a request that the judgment terms differ from the announced
settlement terms. Appellants did not request the court to vary the terms of the settlement.
6 Appellants respond that the main outline of the settlement had been agreed to
although some “blanks still needed to be filled in.” This is supported by the record of the
settlement hearing. Further, in appellants’ preliminary response to appellee’s mandamus
action, the pleading itself stated: “The final disposition of this case will involve significant
further efforts. . . .” It went on to state that a final judgment was not practicable at that time,
given the need to accomplish further elements described in the agreement. Appellants
also contend that appellees’ new appellate defense bars only upon part of appellees’
argument that the settlement agreement did not resolve all issues. Appellees’ defenses
do not countermand appellees’ arguments that: (1) the judgment contradicts the terms of
the settlement; and (2) the judgment contains matters not agreed to in the settlement
agreement. When appellees filed their preliminary response to the mandamus on
February 17, 2006, almost a month before appellees submitted their proposed judgment,
there was “no way of knowing” the proposed judgment would contradict the settlement
agreement. We agree. Appellees arguments of estoppel, waiver, and invited error are
overruled.
3. Standard of Review
A judgment by consent is contractual in its nature and should be so construed, but
it is more than a mere contract between the parties. Wagner v. Warnasch, 156 Tex. 334,
339, 295 S.W .2d 890, 893 (Tex. 1956). "The fact that a judgment is rendered by consent
gives it neither less nor greater force or effect than it would have had it been rendered after
protracted litigation, except to the extent that the consent excuses error and operates to
end all controversy between the parties." Id. A consent judgment is mandatory, and
imposes upon the parties obligations just as certainly as if that obligation had been
7 imposed by the court after trial on the merits. Id. “The powers of the judge, exercised by
virtue of agreement of the parties, extend, we think, to entering only such judgment as was
a literal compliance with the agreement.” Wyss v. Bookman, 235 S.W. 567, 569 (Tex.
Comm'n App. 1921). When a consent judgment is rendered without consent or is not in
strict compliance with the terms of the agreement, the judgment must be set aside.
Chisholm, 209 S.W.3d at 98.
The power to render an agreed judgment depends upon the “substance of the
consent” at the time judgment is rendered. Quintero v. Jim Walter Homes, Inc., 654
S.W.2d 442, 444 (Tex. 1983). A party has the right to revoke his consent at any time
before the rendition of judgment. Id. (citing Samples Exterminators v. Samples, 640
S.W.2d 873, 874 (Tex. 1982)). When a trial court has knowledge that one of the parties
to a suit does not consent to a judgment, the trial court should refuse to sanction the
agreement by making it the judgment of the court. Burnaman v. Heaton, 240 S.W.2d 288,
291 (Tex. 1951).
A better statement of the general rule is that Rule 11 is a minimum requirement for enforcement of all agreements concerning pending suits, including, but not limited to, agreed judgments. Burnaman stands for the proposition that, notwithstanding a valid Rule 11 agreement, consent must exist at the time an agreed judgment is rendered.
Kennedy v. Hyde, 682 S.W.2d 525, 529 (Tex. 1984); see McDonald, Texas Civil Practice
in District and County Courts § 17.22 (1971); see Matthews v. Looney, 132 Tex. 313, 123
S.W.2d 871 (1939) (holding that an agreement that fails to comply with the rule will not
support a consent judgment). As a general rule, compliance with rule 11 is necessary but
not sufficient for an agreed judgment. Kennedy, 682 S.W.2d at 529. When parties submit
conflicting motions for judgment, the trial court is put on notice that mutual consent of the
8 parties is lacking. Milstead v. Milstead, 633 S.W.2d 347, 348 (Tex. App.–Corpus Christi
1982, no writ). At that point, rather than granting one party's motion and denying the other,
the court should deny both motions on the ground that mutual consent is lacking. Id.
To preserve a complaint for appellate review, the record must show that the
complaint was presented to the trial court by timely request, objection, or motion stating the
specific grounds for the desired ruling if such grounds are not apparent from the context
and the trial court ruled on the request. TEX . R. APP. P. 33.1; Ricks v. Ricks, 169 S.W.3d
523, 528 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2005, no pet.)
4. Hershey Easements
Appellees drafted the proposed judgment in contradiction of the agreement that
provided that Kevin Beiter was given the responsibility of drafting the judgment. According
to the Duncans, the proposed form of judgment was to have been circulated and approved
in advance by all the parties. This was not accomplished. After some delay, appellees
proceeded on their own and submitted their preferred form of judgment to the court.
Numerous objections were sounded by the various appellants. Now, appellees seek to
contest the sufficiency of discreet objections as to each of appellants’ argued
discrepancies. We have already noted that the settlement agreement granted appellees
only an easement accessing their land “through the Ranch Road.” The judgment
submitted by appellees granted easements “for use of all ranch roads now existing.” The
Duncan parties and Rogers objected to this language. Likewise Spitzmiller objected and
also pointed out the settlement agreement only gave access to ranch roads that give
access to appellees property. Appellees contend that the final language cured the
objections because the easement was for use of all ranch roads now existing that access
9 “Back of the Front (East Half), Cook and Shoestring.” Appellees argue there is no error
because the judgment does not read as appellants claim. In effect, appellees’ argument
creates a disputed fact issue concerning the location of various easements.
Appellants point out that even if Spitzmiller’s objection was met, the Duncan
objections were not. According to the Duncan objections, the parties were to document:
“[a] a permanent easement granting Plaintiffs’ (appellees’) access to their land via the
Ranch Road.” The Duncans also aptly pointed out to the trial judge: “The proposed
decree unilaterally presented by the Plaintiff’s has not been and is not agreed to by all of
the parties hereto.” (emphasis in the original). We hold that appellants sufficiently made
the trial court aware of their complaints. TEX . R. APP. P. 33.1(a)(1)(A); see Ford Motor Co.
v. Ledesma, 242 S.W.3d 32, 43 (Tex. 2007) (preservation of error generally depends on
"whether the party made the trial court aware of the complaint, timely and plainly, and
obtained a ruling."). We reject appellees’ arguments.
5. The Home Place
The settlement agreement awards an undivided interest in the Home Place property
to the Helm interests, the Estate of Susan Helm, Olive Spitzmiller and Cam Duncan. The
judgment awards the property to the Helm Brothers, Spitzmiller, and G. Cameron Duncan,
Sr. According to appellants, Cam Duncan is G. Cameron Duncan, Jr., not senior.
Appellees argue that the Duncan objections that the judgment should be based upon the
terms of the settlement and agreement is lacking because they do not discuss the Home
Place. Appellees also argue an insufficient objection on behalf of Rogers because she
had no stake in the Home place. This is incorrect because Rogers was both the trustee
10 and executor of the Susan Helm Estate.6 Rogers specifically objected to the allocation of
the Home Place found in paragraph 6 because it was not contemplated by the parties
settlement.
Appellees also boldly assert “no variance between it [judgment] and the Settlement
Agreement. . . .” We disagree. Appellees cite E. C. v. Graydon, 28 S.W.3d 825, 828
(Tex. App.–Corpus Christi 2000, no pet.) (one party preserved the complaint for review;
appellant did not); see also TEX . R. APP. P. 33.1. Appellees also cite Dal-Chrome Co. v.
Brenntag Southwest, Inc., 183 S.W.3d 133, 144 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2006, no pet.) (“To
preserve a complaint of error in a judgment, a party must inform the trial court of its
objection by a motion to amend or correct the judgment, a motion for new trial, or some
other similar method.”) Appellees contend that if there was error concerning the award of
the Home Place, appellants should also have complained after the judgment was signed.
In their joint motion for new trial, appellants complained that the court made
alterations and amendments to the final judgment. The judgment was entered without a
trial, and the entry was not agreed to by all the parties. Further, the entry was contrary to
the agreement announced on the record and is unsupported by the record (the rule 11
agreement.) The intent of the parties was to draft and present an agreed form of decree
of partition that would accurately describe each of the partition tracts, clearly delineate the
easements to be granted, and provide for delineation of certain remainder interests.
Appellants, in their motion for new trial, also argued alternatively that there was a rule 11
6 The Helm brothers were presum ably heirs of their m other’s estate and/or trust. Although Bowie Helm m ay have reached his m ajority, based upon the settlem ent record, his interest apparently would not have vested until he reached the age of twenty-five. The status of Reagan Helm as an heir, vel non, is not apparent from the record.
11 agreement, that it was not waived by the parties, and the agreement was not amended.
We find that appellants once again appropriately apprised the trial court of its error and
preserved their complaints for appeal. See id.; see also Royce Homes, L.P. v. Humphrey,
244 S.W.3d 570, 582 (Tex. App.–Beaumont 2008, pet. denied) (error preserved on
complaint by including it in the motion for new trial).
6. Appellants’ Easements; Tract 33
Appellees also argue that appellants seek additional easements for their own benefit
that are not part of the rule 11 agreement. Appellees rely on authority also cited by
appellants, Farr v. McKinzie, 477 S.W.2d 672, 677 (Tex. Civ. App.–Houston [14th Dist.]
1972, writ ref’d n.r.e.) (court below had no power to alter the agreement or to supply the
additional terms as it did; court had only the power to put the agreement into recordable
judgment form). We agree. However, the same situation is also presented in the
disagreement over Tract 33.
Tract 33 is only partially mentioned in the settlement agreement, yet the trial court
awarded non-specific portions of the tract to Spitzmiller, the Duncan group, and the Helm
group. For example, Spitzmiller is awarded the property described in Exhibit 1.F of the
judgment constituting a portion of Tract 33. Exhibit 1.F simply reiterates “A portion of the
tract sometimes known as Tract 33 or the River Tract Awarded to Olive Hershey
Spitzmiller.” The only language in the settlement agreement awards “the bottom of Tract
33 and northwest corner.” There are no divisions to the Helm or Duncan groups in the
settlement agreement, yet they are recited in the judgement. Appellees suggest that
appellants should re-petition the court to clarify and enforce the judgment “if these awards
12 are not sufficiently clear to the Appellants. . . .” We reject this argument because the trial
court was without power to supply additional terms to the judgment. Id.
7. Lone Tree Tract
According to appellants, the settlement agreement provided that the Estate of
Susan Helm was to receive a small tract contiguous to the “Long Tree” (Lone Tree Tract).
Contrary to those terms, the Helm group was awarded the Lone Tree Tract itself in the
judgment. Furthermore, the judgment provided that Bowie, Matthew, and Reagan Helm
receive an undivided interest. Yet, according to appellants, Reagan Helm had no interest
in the Lone Tree Tract, at least based upon the Commissioners’ Report. Again, easements
were not provided to this tract. Appellees again complain that appellants did not properly
object to obvious discrepancies between the settlement agreement and the judgment. Yet
Rogers notified the court through her objections to the proposed judgment that the
judgment failed to properly identify the owners or allocation of the Lone Tree Tract and the
River Tract. Rogers, as executor and trustee of the Estate of Susan Helm, Deceased, was
to receive 94.896% with fractional shares going to Bowie, Matthew, and Reagan Helm.
Her objections state in detail that the tract owners are not properly identified. She also
draws the courts attention to the total lack of a proper legal description of the Lone Tree
Tract and the River Tract. In addition, the Motion for New Trial by all appellants pointed
out to the trial court: (1) the judgment was not agreed to by all the parties; (2) the entry
was contrary to the agreement announced on the record; and (3) the judgment was
unsupported by the record. We hold that appellants sufficiently apprised the trial court of
its error. TEX . R. APP. P. 33.1; Humphrey, 244 S.W.3d at 582; cf. TEX . R. CIV. P. 324(a).
13 8. Conclusion
In Chisholm, the supreme court discussed a similar factual situation to the one
presented here for our review. See Chisholm, 209 S.W.3d at 98. One of the parties,
Chisholm, apparently consented to the custody arrangements and the sale of the marital
residence. Id. However, nothing in the record showed that she consented to the property
division. Id. A court "cannot render a valid agreed judgment absent consent at the time
it is rendered." Id. (citing Mantas v. Fifth Court of Appeals, 925 S.W.2d 656, 658 (Tex.
1996) (per curiam); Padilla v. LaFrance, 907 S.W.2d 454, 461-62 (Tex. 1995)). In
Chisholm, the judgment was not "in strict or literal compliance" with the terms recited into
the record and the judgment improperly removed and added material terms. Id. When a
consent judgment is rendered without consent, or is not in strict compliance with the terms
of the agreement, the judgment must be set aside. Id. (citing Burnaman, 240 S.W.2d at
291-92).
As discussed above, there are material differences between the settlement
agreement and the judgment concerning the Hershey easements, the Home Place, the
Lone Tree Tract, allocation of expenses, reimbursements, and court costs. The trial court
did not enter judgment in strict or literal compliance with the record terms. Furthermore,
the settlement agreement did not reflect additional easements claimed by appellants. Nor
did the settlement agreement provide for a full disposition of Tract 33, as recited in the
judgment. Because there was no agreement as to some essentials of the judgment, either
in writing or made in open court and entered of record, the divisions are not enforceable
14 as a matter of law. Knapp Med. Ctr. v. De La Garza, 238 S.W.3d 767, 768-69 (Tex.
2007).7
While we agree with appellees in general terms that we could perhaps modify the
judgment as to non-substantive matters such as court costs where the record clearly
reflects the agreement of the parties, we decline to do so given the breath of discrepancies
between the settlement agreement and the judgment in addition to the fact that the
judgment is not being “affirmed as modified.” See TEX . R. APP. P. 43.2(b).
We reverse and remand for a new trial with instructions that an agreed judgment
may only be entered with strict or literal compliance to any settlement agreement and only
with consent of all parties at the time the judgment is entered.
DON WITTIG Justice
Memorandum Opinion delivered and filed this 23rd day of April, 2009.
7 W e agree with appellees that the Dobson Life Estate lands were not part of the property subject to the partition suit, and thus, would not be necessarily included within the judgm ent. Nevertheless, if included, the judgm ent m ust be agreed upon by all parties as to the particulars at the tim e it is rendered.