[Cite as Fuss v. Gray, 2021-Ohio-3620.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ERICH FUSS, : JUDGES: : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, P.J. Respondent - Appellant : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. -vs- : : TODD AND KRISTI GRAY, : Case No. 2021CA00020 : Petitioners - Appellees : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2021 MI 000009
JUDGMENT: Dismissed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: October 7, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Respondent-Appellant For Petitioners-Appellees
JACOB T. WILL NICHOLAS J. KOPCHO JOHN P. STILES 600 Superior Avenue East, Suite 1600 121 South Main Street, Suite 250 Cleveland, Ohio 44114 Akron, Ohio 44308 Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 2
Baldwin, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Erich Fuss, appeals the decision of the Stark County Court of
Common Pleas granting appellees', Todd and Kristi Gray, request for a stalking civil
protection order under R.C. 2903.214.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND THE CASE
{¶2} Appellee, Todd Gray, filed a petition for a stalking civil protection order, with
his wife Kristi Gray included as a protected party, seeking an order preventing appellant,
Erich Fuss, from contacting them. (Petition, January 14, 2021). The Grays alleged that:
Kristi Gray and Erich Fuss were in a brief relationship, and unhappy
with the relationship ending Mr. Fuss would appear at Kristi Gray's
workplace unannounced and uninvited to talk to her, as well as continually
send Todd and Kristi text and Facebook messages intended to inflict mental
distress on both of them. The Grays have repeatedly asked Mr. Fuss to stop
contacting them, and even filed a report with the Stark County Sheriffs
Office, but Mr. Fuss refuses to stop messaging them. Some of the
messages also indicate Mr. Fuss may be watching the Gray's house
because messages would contain specific details about their home. The
intent of Mr. Fuss's messages is to cause Todd and Kristi Gray mental
distress, and he has succeeded.
The Grays are also worried about Mr. Fuss's violent temper.
Id. at p. 2.
{¶3} The magistrate issued an ex parte order upon receiving the petition and
notified the parties that a full hearing would occur on January 26, 2021. The Stark County Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 3
Sheriff's Office personally served Fuss with the ex parte order on January 15, 2021 and,
on January 21, 2021, the Grays moved to have Fuss held in contempt for violating that
order.
{¶4} The matter came before Magistrate Flowers on January 26, 2021 for a full
hearing on the petition for a stalking civil protection order as well as a hearing on the
motion requesting Fuss be held in contempt. The Grays appeared with counsel and Fuss
proceeded pro se.
{¶5} The Grays testified that they asked Fuss to stop all contact with them at the
end of November 2020, but, despite their request, Fuss continued sending messages.
The messages were described as personal, vile and disturbing by both Grays. Kristi Gray
claimed that the emotional toll was so great that she was admitted to a facility for
treatment for depression and anxiety. The Grays felt that Fuss was determined to ruin
their marriage and that without an order from the court, he would continue to contact them
despite their demand that he stop.
{¶6} Fuss testified that he had engaged in an intermittent relationship with Kristi
Gray for years and that the petition and her emotional state were part of the normal course
of their relationship. He reviewed many of the messages offered by the Grays and denied
that he sent them.
{¶7} Fuss did admit to sending several responses to a message that he received
and further admitted that he believed that message had come from Mr. Gray. Fuss
received a message on December 26 that said "I won bitch" and Fuss believed it was
from Mr. Gray. He sent several derogatory messages to this number, hoping to elicit a Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 4
response from the sender to confirm his identity, though Fuss's ultimate purpose was not
made clear during the hearing.
{¶8} Fuss attempted to introduce additional evidence regarding the history of his
relationship with Kristi Gray prior to the end of November when Kristi told him the
relationship was over. The magistrate allowed Fuss latitude to introduce some of the
background information, but did not permit Fuss to introduce all of the evidence he sought
to admit. The magistrate concluded that evidence was not relevant to the matter before
the court, which she concluded was limited to the Grays’ desire to cease all contact with
Fuss and Fuss's refusal to comply with their demand.
{¶9} At the conclusion of the case the magistrate ruled from the bench, granting
the petition for a five year term.
{¶10} Fuss filed a notice of appeal and submitted two assignments of error:
{¶11} “I. THE COURT'S ORDER OF PROTECTION AND RELATED FINDINGS
WERE AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
{¶12} “II. APPELLANT WAS DEPRIVED OF HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO
DUE PROCESS OF LAW WHERE THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT PROVIDE THE
APPELLANT WITH A FAIR AND FULL OPPORTUNITY TO RESPOND TO THE
APPELLEE’S CLAIMS IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE ONE,
SECTION SIXTEEN OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.”
{¶13} We also note that Fuss was held in contempt of court for a violation of the
January 26, 2021 order when he contacted Kristi Gray by phone at her place of
employment. The parties executed an agreed judgment entry finding Fuss in contempt Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 5
for which he was sentenced to thirty days in jail. The sentence was suspended contingent
upon no further violations.
ANALYSIS
{¶14} Before considering the merits, we must first address the Grays’ contention
that "Mr. Fuss's appeal must be dismissed, or the trial court's ruling must be upheld, due
to his failure to file objections to Magistrate Flowers' decision in violation of Civ. R. 53."
(Appellee’s Brief, p.8). Fuss responded that this Rule does not apply because his
counsel did not enter an appearance in the case until after the court approved the
magistrate's decision and after the fourteen-day deadline for filing objections. He further
contends that he did not receive the required notice regarding the requirement of
objections pursuant to Civ.R. 53(0)(3)(a)(iii) and that “The trial court had already reviewed
the decision of the magistrate when the civil protection order was adopted on January 29,
2021. Any further objection would have been superfluous.” (Appellant’s Reply Brief, p. 2).
{¶15} Fuss's contention that the Civil Rules should not apply if he was not
represented by counsel is unsupportable. The Supreme Court of Ohio has "repeatedly
declared that “pro se litigants * * * must follow the same procedures as litigants
represented by counsel.’” State ex rel. Gessner v. Vore, 123 Ohio St.3d 96, 2009-Ohio-
4150, 914 N.E.2d 376, ¶ 5. “It is well established that pro se litigants are presumed to
have knowledge of the law and legal procedures and that they are held to the same
standard as litigants who are represented by counsel.’” State ex rel. Fuller v. Mengel, 100
Ohio St.3d 352, 2003-Ohio-6448, 800 N.E.2d 25, ¶ 10, quoting Sabouri v. Ohio Dept. of
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[Cite as Fuss v. Gray, 2021-Ohio-3620.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
ERICH FUSS, : JUDGES: : Hon. Craig R. Baldwin, P.J. Respondent - Appellant : Hon. W. Scott Gwin, J. : Hon. Patricia A. Delaney, J. -vs- : : TODD AND KRISTI GRAY, : Case No. 2021CA00020 : Petitioners - Appellees : OPINION
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Appeal from the Stark County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2021 MI 000009
JUDGMENT: Dismissed
DATE OF JUDGMENT: October 7, 2021
APPEARANCES:
For Respondent-Appellant For Petitioners-Appellees
JACOB T. WILL NICHOLAS J. KOPCHO JOHN P. STILES 600 Superior Avenue East, Suite 1600 121 South Main Street, Suite 250 Cleveland, Ohio 44114 Akron, Ohio 44308 Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 2
Baldwin, P.J.
{¶1} Appellant, Erich Fuss, appeals the decision of the Stark County Court of
Common Pleas granting appellees', Todd and Kristi Gray, request for a stalking civil
protection order under R.C. 2903.214.
STATEMENT OF FACTS AND THE CASE
{¶2} Appellee, Todd Gray, filed a petition for a stalking civil protection order, with
his wife Kristi Gray included as a protected party, seeking an order preventing appellant,
Erich Fuss, from contacting them. (Petition, January 14, 2021). The Grays alleged that:
Kristi Gray and Erich Fuss were in a brief relationship, and unhappy
with the relationship ending Mr. Fuss would appear at Kristi Gray's
workplace unannounced and uninvited to talk to her, as well as continually
send Todd and Kristi text and Facebook messages intended to inflict mental
distress on both of them. The Grays have repeatedly asked Mr. Fuss to stop
contacting them, and even filed a report with the Stark County Sheriffs
Office, but Mr. Fuss refuses to stop messaging them. Some of the
messages also indicate Mr. Fuss may be watching the Gray's house
because messages would contain specific details about their home. The
intent of Mr. Fuss's messages is to cause Todd and Kristi Gray mental
distress, and he has succeeded.
The Grays are also worried about Mr. Fuss's violent temper.
Id. at p. 2.
{¶3} The magistrate issued an ex parte order upon receiving the petition and
notified the parties that a full hearing would occur on January 26, 2021. The Stark County Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 3
Sheriff's Office personally served Fuss with the ex parte order on January 15, 2021 and,
on January 21, 2021, the Grays moved to have Fuss held in contempt for violating that
order.
{¶4} The matter came before Magistrate Flowers on January 26, 2021 for a full
hearing on the petition for a stalking civil protection order as well as a hearing on the
motion requesting Fuss be held in contempt. The Grays appeared with counsel and Fuss
proceeded pro se.
{¶5} The Grays testified that they asked Fuss to stop all contact with them at the
end of November 2020, but, despite their request, Fuss continued sending messages.
The messages were described as personal, vile and disturbing by both Grays. Kristi Gray
claimed that the emotional toll was so great that she was admitted to a facility for
treatment for depression and anxiety. The Grays felt that Fuss was determined to ruin
their marriage and that without an order from the court, he would continue to contact them
despite their demand that he stop.
{¶6} Fuss testified that he had engaged in an intermittent relationship with Kristi
Gray for years and that the petition and her emotional state were part of the normal course
of their relationship. He reviewed many of the messages offered by the Grays and denied
that he sent them.
{¶7} Fuss did admit to sending several responses to a message that he received
and further admitted that he believed that message had come from Mr. Gray. Fuss
received a message on December 26 that said "I won bitch" and Fuss believed it was
from Mr. Gray. He sent several derogatory messages to this number, hoping to elicit a Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 4
response from the sender to confirm his identity, though Fuss's ultimate purpose was not
made clear during the hearing.
{¶8} Fuss attempted to introduce additional evidence regarding the history of his
relationship with Kristi Gray prior to the end of November when Kristi told him the
relationship was over. The magistrate allowed Fuss latitude to introduce some of the
background information, but did not permit Fuss to introduce all of the evidence he sought
to admit. The magistrate concluded that evidence was not relevant to the matter before
the court, which she concluded was limited to the Grays’ desire to cease all contact with
Fuss and Fuss's refusal to comply with their demand.
{¶9} At the conclusion of the case the magistrate ruled from the bench, granting
the petition for a five year term.
{¶10} Fuss filed a notice of appeal and submitted two assignments of error:
{¶11} “I. THE COURT'S ORDER OF PROTECTION AND RELATED FINDINGS
WERE AGAINST THE MANIFEST WEIGHT OF THE EVIDENCE.”
{¶12} “II. APPELLANT WAS DEPRIVED OF HIS CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO
DUE PROCESS OF LAW WHERE THE TRIAL COURT DID NOT PROVIDE THE
APPELLANT WITH A FAIR AND FULL OPPORTUNITY TO RESPOND TO THE
APPELLEE’S CLAIMS IN VIOLATION OF THE FIFTH AND FOURTEENTH
AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND ARTICLE ONE,
SECTION SIXTEEN OF THE OHIO CONSTITUTION.”
{¶13} We also note that Fuss was held in contempt of court for a violation of the
January 26, 2021 order when he contacted Kristi Gray by phone at her place of
employment. The parties executed an agreed judgment entry finding Fuss in contempt Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 5
for which he was sentenced to thirty days in jail. The sentence was suspended contingent
upon no further violations.
ANALYSIS
{¶14} Before considering the merits, we must first address the Grays’ contention
that "Mr. Fuss's appeal must be dismissed, or the trial court's ruling must be upheld, due
to his failure to file objections to Magistrate Flowers' decision in violation of Civ. R. 53."
(Appellee’s Brief, p.8). Fuss responded that this Rule does not apply because his
counsel did not enter an appearance in the case until after the court approved the
magistrate's decision and after the fourteen-day deadline for filing objections. He further
contends that he did not receive the required notice regarding the requirement of
objections pursuant to Civ.R. 53(0)(3)(a)(iii) and that “The trial court had already reviewed
the decision of the magistrate when the civil protection order was adopted on January 29,
2021. Any further objection would have been superfluous.” (Appellant’s Reply Brief, p. 2).
{¶15} Fuss's contention that the Civil Rules should not apply if he was not
represented by counsel is unsupportable. The Supreme Court of Ohio has "repeatedly
declared that “pro se litigants * * * must follow the same procedures as litigants
represented by counsel.’” State ex rel. Gessner v. Vore, 123 Ohio St.3d 96, 2009-Ohio-
4150, 914 N.E.2d 376, ¶ 5. “It is well established that pro se litigants are presumed to
have knowledge of the law and legal procedures and that they are held to the same
standard as litigants who are represented by counsel.’” State ex rel. Fuller v. Mengel, 100
Ohio St.3d 352, 2003-Ohio-6448, 800 N.E.2d 25, ¶ 10, quoting Sabouri v. Ohio Dept. of
Job & Family Serv., 145 Ohio St.3d 651, 654, 763 N.E.2d 1238. State ex rel. Neil v. Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 6
French, 153 Ohio St.3d 271, 2018-Ohio-2692, 104 N.E.3d 764. Fuss's failure to follow
the Civil Rules cannot be excused for lack of counsel or knowledge of the law.
{¶16} Fuss and Gray rely on the language in Civ.R. 53 to support their argument,
but both have cited the incorrect Rule. Civil Rule 53 does not control the procedure for
stalking civil protection orders. Instead, we must look to Civ.R. 65.1:
The provisions of this rule apply to special statutory proceedings
under R.C. 3113.31, R.C. 2151.34, and R.C. 2903.214 providing for
domestic violence, stalking, and sexually oriented offense civil protection
orders, shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with the
intent and purposes of those protection order statutes, and supersede and
make inapplicable in such proceedings the provisions of any other rules of
civil procedure to the extent that such application is inconsistent with the
provisions of this rule.
Civ. R. 65.1(A).
{¶17} The Gray's petition was authorized by R.C. 2903.214, so the terms of Civ.R.
65.1 are controlling and Civ.R. 65.1 (F)(3)(b) makes clear that Civ.R. 53 does not apply
in this context: "A magistrate's denial or granting of a protection order after full hearing
under this division does not constitute a magistrate's order or a magistrate's decision
under Civ.R. 53(D)(2) or (3) and is not subject to the requirements of those rules." Those
Rules contain the requirements that the magistrate’s decision notify the parties of
procedure to preserve an appeal and the consequence of failing to object as described
by Fuss and the Grays, but neither section is applicable to this case. Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 7
{¶18} Civil Rule 65.1(F)(3)(d)(i) permits the filing of objections "to a court's
adoption, modification, or rejection of a magistrate's denial or granting of a protection
order after a full hearing, or any terms of such an order, within fourteen days of the court's
filing of the order" and, though similar to the terms of Civ.R. 53, this rule requires an
objection to the trial court's action on the magistrate's decision regarding the order, and
not an objection to the magistrate's order.
{¶19} Subsection (G) states in relevant part that "a party must timely file objections
to such an order under division (F)(3)(d) of this rule prior to filing an appeal, and the timely
filing of such objections shall stay the running of the time for appeal until the filing of the
court's ruling on the objections." We have had the opportunity to consider the application
of this Rule in M.K. v. A.C.K., 5th Dist. Fairfield No. 2019 CA 00023, 2020-Ohio-400, ¶ 18
where we held that "without timely filed objections under Civ.R. 65.1(G), [appellant] may
not challenge the trial court's decision on appeal. Accordingly, we decline to address the
merits and the appeal is dismissed pursuant to Civ.R. 65.1(G)."
{¶20} Our colleagues have held the requirements of Civ.R. 65.1(G) are mandatory
and a party's failure to file timely objections to a trial court's adoption of a magistrate's
decision granting or denying a civil protection order prior to filing an appeal is a violation
of Civ.R. 65.1(G) and as such, the appeal of the civil protection order must be dismissed.
See K.R. v. T.B., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 17AP-302, 2017-Ohio-8647, ¶ 4–6 (dismissing
appeal pursuant to Civ.R. 65.1(G)); C.F. v. T.H.R., 10th Dist. Franklin No. 18AP-536,
2019-Ohio-488 (dismissing appeal pursuant to Civ.R. 65.1(G)); J.S. v. D.E., 7th Dist.
Mahoning No. 17 MA 0032, 2017-Ohio-7507, ¶ 17–22 (dismissing appeal when written
objections not timely filed); K.U. v. M.S., 7th Dist. Mahoning No. 16 MA 0165, 2017-Ohio- Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 8
8029, ¶ 17–18 (stating that without objections filed appellate court has no jurisdiction);
A.S. v. D.S., 9th Dist. Medina No. 16CA0080-M, 2017-Ohio-7782, ¶ 5-6 (dismissing
appeal without addressing merits pursuant to Civ.R. 65.1(G)); Hetrick v. Lockwood, 6th
Dist. Sandusky No. S-17-014, 2018-Ohio-118, 2018 WL 388965, ¶ 8 (dismissing appeal
when appellant failed to file timely objections to trial court's adoption of magistrate's
granting of CSPO after full hearing); Danison v. Blinco, 3rd Dist. Crawford, No. 3-18-19,
2019-Ohio-2767, ¶ 8 (failure to file objections to trial court's adoption of magistrate's
decision failed to preserve appellant's arguments for appeal); See also Frith v. Frith, 9th
Dist. Summit No. 28361, 2017–Ohio–7848, ¶ 4–6 (dismissing due to trial court not ruling
on appellant's timely filed objections prior to the appeal as required under Civ.R. 65.1(G));
Runkle v. Stewart, 2nd Dist. Miami No. 2018-CA-27, 2019-Ohio-2356, ¶ 11 (affirmed
judgment of trial court after appellant failed to file timely objections to trial court's adoption
of magistrate's decision denying DVCPO after full hearing). But see Saqr v. Naji, 1st Dist.
Hamilton No. C-160850, 2017-Ohio-8142, ¶ 14–19 (allowing appeal despite no objections
filed because no notice that objections must be filed was provided).
{¶21} We have reached the same conclusion in H.C. v. J.C., 5th Dist. Ashland
No. 19-COA-023, 2020-Ohio-1227, ¶ 11, Casto v. Lehr, 5th Dist. Tuscarawas No. 2020
AP 02 0002, 2020-Ohio-3777, ¶¶ 19-21 Toombs v. McGuire, 5th Dist. Morrow
No. 20CA0005, 2021-Ohio-387, ¶ 13 and we are constrained by our precedent to reach
the same decision in this case. Stark County, Case No. 2021CA000020 9
{¶22} Fuss did not file timely objections under Civ.R. 65.1(G), so he may not
challenge the trial court's decision on appeal. Accordingly, we decline to address the
merits and the appeal is dismissed pursuant to Civ.R. 65.1(G).
By: Baldwin, P.J.
Gwin, J. and
Delaney, J. concur.