Slip Op. 99-11
United States Court of International Trade
FUJITSU LIMITED AND FUJITSU AMERICA, INC., Plaintiffs,
v. Before: Pogue, Judge UNITED STATES, Court No. 97-11-02021 Defendant,
and
CRAY RESEARCH, INC.,
Defendant-Intervenor.
[Final determination on domestic like product and standing affirmed.]
Decided: January 27, 1999
Akin, Gump, Strauss, Hauer & Feld, L.L.P. (Warren E. Connelly and James E. Mendenhall) for Plaintiffs.
Frank W. Hunger, Assistant Attorney General; David M. Cohen, Director, Commercial Litigation Branch, Civil Division, Department of Justice (Lucius B. Lau), Patrick V. Gallagher, Jr., Attorney, Office of the Chief Counsel for Import Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, of Counsel, for Defendant.
Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering (John D. Greenwald, Ronald I. Meltzer, Amber Cottle, and Juan Millan for Defendant-Intervenor.
OPINION
POGUE, Judge: Plaintiffs, Fujitsu Limited and Fujitsu
America, Inc. ("Fujitsu") move for judgment on the agency record
pursuant to U.S. CIT Rule 56.2 challenging the United States
Department of Commerce’s ("Commerce") "domestic like product"
determination and Commerce’s decision not to initiate a standing Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 2
inquiry in its investigation of vector supercomputers from Japan.
See Initiation of Antidumping Duty Investigation: Vector
Supercomputers from Japan, 61 Fed. Reg. 43,527 (Dep’t. Commerce
Aug. 23, 1996)("Initiation Notice"). Plaintiffs contend that
Commerce’s domestic like product determination was erroneous, and
therefore, its finding of domestic industry support for an
antidumping investigation was fatally flawed.
Background
On July 29, 1996, domestic producer Cray Research, Inc.
("Cray") petitioned Commerce to investigate sales at less than fair
value of vector supercomputers, defined as "any computer with a
vector hardware unit as an integral part of any of its central
processing unit boards" from Japan. Antidumping Petition from Cray
Research, Inc., P.R. Doc. 1 at 8 (Jul. 29, 1996)("Petition")
(emphasis provided). Alleging differences between vector and non-
vector supercomputers in their performance, architecture,
production, and application, Cray limited the scope of its petition
to vector supercomputers. See id. at 8-15. Cray also defined the
"domestic like product" as vector supercomputers. See id. at 15.
Fujitsu challenged the petition, arguing that the domestic
like product of the investigation must include numerous other
supercomputers that are "like, or in the absence of like, most
similar in characteristics and uses" to vector supercomputers. See
August 14, 1996 Letter from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. No. 9 at 1 (citing Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 3
19 U.S.C. §1677(10)(1994)). Fujitsu claimed that vector and non-
vector supercomputers compete directly and share the same channels
of distribution and end use. See id. at 5-18. In addition,
Fujitsu maintained that customers perceive vector and non-vector
supercomputers as interchangeable, and that both vector and non-
vector supercomputers are similar in price and have common
manufacturing facilities. See id. at 18-23. Accordingly, Fujitsu
asked Commerce to poll the domestic producers of both vector and
non-vector supercomputers in determining whether industry support
exists for the investigation pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(1)(B)
& (c)(4)(D). See id. at 24-25. Cray submitted rebuttal comments
to Fujitsu’s arguments on August 16, 1996, see August 16, 1996
Letter from Cray, P.R. Doc. No. 10, and Fujitsu responded with a
second submission on August 19, 1996. See August 19, 1996 Letter
from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. No. 12.
Commerce gave notice of the initiation of its investigation on
August 23, 1996, defining the scope to include "all vector
supercomputers[.] . . . A vector supercomputer is any computer
with a vector hardware unit as an integral part of its central
processing unit [’CPU’] boards." Initiation Notice at 43,528. The
scope definition in the Initiation Notice was based on the
petition. See id. Commerce concluded that the vector unit in the
CPU "identifies both the Japanese vector supercomputers that the
petitioner would have subject to the antidumping investigation and
the domestically-produced products that would define the domestic Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 4
industry." Id. at 43,528-529.
Having decided to define the domestic like product as vector
supercomputers, Commerce addressed Fujitsu’s argument, explaining:
When properly analyzed, the evidence of record demonstrates that there are clear dividing lines between the characteristics and uses of the vector supercomputers subject to investigation and the various other types of supercomputers. Significantly, the vector supercomputer has a different computer architecture than the non-vector computer technologies and, consequently, it processes information differently. The close physical proximity of the vector hardware to the computer’s central processing boards and high memory bandwidth (with limited parallelism) contribute to the high speeds with which vector supercomputers process information. These differences give vector supercomputers different performance characteristics than non-vector supercomputers. For example, vector supercomputers are more efficient dealing with linear and matrix algebra equations than are non-vector supercomputers. Given the states of the different supercomputer technologies today, there are computer modeling applications where only the vector supercomputers are used. For example, only vector supercomputer bids met the technical requirements (which involved weather forecasting and climate modeling applications) in the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research ("UCAR") procurement from which this petition derives the export price.
Id. at 43,529.
Defining the domestic like product as vector supercomputers,
Commerce determined that there was industry support for the
petition because the petitioner, the only domestic producer of
vector supercomputers, accounted for more than fifty percent of the
total domestic production of vector supercomputers. See id. Thus,
Commerce proceeded with its investigation, ultimately determining
that Japanese vector supercomputers were being sold in the United Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 5
States at less than fair value. See Notice of Final Determination
of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Vector Supercomputers From Japan,
62 Fed. Reg. 45,623-624 (Dep’t Commerce Aug. 28, 1997).
Standard of Review
In reviewing a final determination, the Court must decide
whether Commerce’s determination is in accordance with law and
whether Commerce’s conclusions are supported by substantial
evidence on the record. Section 516A(b)(1)(B)(i) of the Tariff Act
of 1930, as amended, 19 U.S.C. § 1516a(b)(1)(B)(i)(1994).
Discussion
I. Scope and Industry Support
An antidumping investigation may be commenced in one of two
ways: 1) Commerce may self-initiate an investigation, see 19 U.S.C.
§ 1673a(a); 19 C.F.R. § 353.11 (1996); or 2) an interested party
may file a petition alleging the elements necessary for imposition
of an antidumping duty. See 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(b); 19 C.F.R. §
353.12 (1996). To initiate an investigation in response to a
petition, Commerce must "determine whether the petition alleges the
elements necessary for the imposition of a duty" and "determine if
the petition has been filed by or on behalf of the industry[,]"
i.e., whether the domestic industry supports the investigation. 19
U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(1)(A).
Before the Uruguay Round Agreements Act ("URAA") took effect, Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 6
Commerce could presume industry support unless a petition was
actively opposed. See, e.g., NTN Bearing Corp. v. United States,
15 CIT 75, 79, 757 F. Supp. 1426, 1429 (1991), aff’d, 972 F.2d 1355
(Fed. Cir. 1992). Now, Commerce may not operate on the basis of
the presumption, but rather must establish that:
(i) the domestic producers or workers who support the petition account for at least 25 percent of the total production of the domestic like product, and
(ii) the domestic producers or workers who support the petition account for more than 50 percent of the production of the domestic like product produced by that portion of the industry expressing support for or opposition to the petition.
19 U.S.C. §1673a(c)(4)(A)(emphasis provided). This determination
must be concluded within twenty days of the filing of the
petition.1 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(1)(A).
Nineteen U.S.C. § 1677(4)(A) defines "industry" as the
"producers as a whole of a domestic like product[.]" Therefore,
based on the language of 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(4)(A), Commerce must
define the domestic like product in order to determine whether the
industry making the products included in the scope of the Petition
support the initiation of an investigation.
1 The URAA also provides that "[a]fter [Commerce] makes a determination with respect to initiating an investigation, the determination regarding industry support shall not be reconsidered." 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(4)(E). Prior to the URAA, parties could challenge Commerce’s industry support determination late in the investigation. See Tianjin Mach. Import & Export Corp. v. United States, 16 CIT 931, 944, 806 F. Supp. 1008, 1021 (1992). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 7
II. Commerce’s Domestic Like Product Determination
Commerce based its initial definition of domestic like product
on Cray’s petition, according to its usual practice. See
Initiation Notice at 43,528. Commerce explained,
[Nineteen U.S.C. § 1677(10)] defines domestic like product as "a product that is like, or in the absence of like, most similar in characteristics and uses with, the article subject to an investigation under this title." Thus, the reference point from which the like product analysis begins is "the article subject to an investigation," i.e., the class or kind of merchandise to be investigated, which normally will be the scope as defined in the petition.
Id. See also Kern-Liebers USA, Inc. v. United States, 19 CIT 393,
396, 881 F. Supp. 618, 621 (1995)("[T]he agency generally exercises
[its] 'broad discretion to define and clarify the scope of an
antidumping investigation in a manner which reflects the intent of
the petition.'") (quoting Minebea Co., Ltd. v. United States, 16
CIT 20, 22, 782 F. Supp. 117, 120 (1992), aff'd on other grounds,
984 F.2d 1178 (Fed. Cir. 1993)). Commerce determined that "there
are clear dividing lines between the characteristics and uses of
the vector supercomputers subject to investigation and the various
other types of supercomputers." Initiation Notice at 43,529
(emphasis added). Therefore, Commerce concluded that the domestic
like product is limited to vector supercomputers.2 See id.
2 Having identified the domestic like product, Commerce did not have to extend its investigation to identify a product "most similar in characteristics and uses" to vector supercomputers. See 19 U.S.C. § 1677(10). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 8
Commerce based its standing determination on this definition. See
id.
Plaintiffs argue that Commerce’s determination is not
supported by substantial evidence. See Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot.
J. on the Agency R. at 22. Plaintiffs claim that "[t]he domestic
like product . . . must be defined based on the entire range of
characteristics and uses of the imported product, not just those
which Cray identified in its petition." Id. at 24.
Plaintiffs maintain that Commerce traditionally uses the
International Trade Commission ("Commission") test to define the
domestic like product. See id. at 23 (citing High Information
Content Flat Panel Displays and Display Glass Therefor from Japan,
56 Fed. Reg. 32,376, 32,381 (Dep’t Commerce July 16, 1991)(final
determination); Certain Textile Mill Products and Apparel From Sri
Lanka; Cotton Inspectors’ Gloves, 50 Fed. Reg. 9,826, 9,827 (Dep’t
Commerce Mar. 12, 1985)(final countervailing duty determination).3
Factors that the Commission typically considers in defining
domestic like product include (1) physical characteristics and
uses, (2) interchangeability of products, (3) channels of
distribution, (4) customer and producer perceptions of the
products, (5) the use of common manufacturing facilities and
personnel, and (6) price. See id. at n.42. Plaintiffs ask this
3 Although these are pre-URAA determinations, the "domestic like product" definition has not been altered as a result of the URAA. Therefore, the URAA does not mandate a change in Commerce’s defining of the domestic like product. Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 9
Court to utilize an adverse inference to establish that the
Commission factors not discussed by Commerce would not support its
like product determination. See id. at 23-24. Using the "entire
range" of the Commission factors, Plaintiffs claim, the like
product would include non-vector supercomputers. See id. at 24.
The Court finds that even if it accepts the Plaintiffs’
argument, there is substantial evidence in the record to support
Commerce’s finding.4 When examining Commerce’s factual
determinations, the Court must determine whether the record as a
whole contains "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might
accept as adequate to support [Commerce’s] conclusion."
Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229 (1938);
Universal Camera Corp. v. NLRB, 340 U.S. 474, 477 (1951)(quoted in
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. United States, 750 F.2d 927, 933
4 Moreover, the Court notes that in reviewing the Commission’s like product findings for the purpose of investigating injury to the domestic industry, it is not the province of the courts to change the priority of the relevant like product factors or to reweigh or judge the credibility of conflicting evidence. See Iwatsu Elec. Co. v. United States, 15 CIT 44, 47, 758 F. Supp. 1506, 1509 (1991). "It is within the Commission’s discretion to make reasonable interpretations of the evidence and to determine the overall significance of any particular factor or piece of evidence." Maine Potato Council v. United States, 9 CIT 293, 300, 613 F. Supp. 1237, 1244 (1985). Therefore, by analogy, for the purpose of standing, it is within Commerce’s discretion to weigh the priority of the relevant like product factors and determine each factor’s significance. Cf. NTN Bearing Corp., 15 CIT at 80, 757 F. Supp. at 1430. Here, Commerce appropriately focused its inquiry on characteristics and uses because the statute defines domestic like product as a product that is like or "most similar in characteristics and uses with" the subject merchandise. See Def.’s Mem. in Opp’n to Pl.’s Mot. for J. on the Agency R. at 31 (citing 19 U.S.C. §1677(10)). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 10
(Fed. Cir. 1984)). For the purposes of Commerce’s like product
inquiry, the record consisted of Cray’s petition, Fujitsu’s two
August submissions, which included over 450 pages of articles
analyzing supercomputer systems, and Cray’s rebuttal comments.5
A. Characteristics
1. Physical Characteristics
With regard to physical characteristics, Commerce noted that
vector supercomputers have a different computer architecture than
non-vector supercomputers. See Initiation Notice at 43,529.
Substantial evidence supports this conclusion.
First, the Court notes that Fujitsu does not dispute that
vector hardware being integral to any of the computer’s CPU boards
is a characteristic limited to vector supercomputers. See Pl.’s
Mem. in Supp. of Mot. J. on the Agency R. at 27. In its Initiation
Notice, Commerce indicated that this was the key characteristic
identifying the domestic like product. See Initiation Notice at
43,528-529.
5 The Plaintiffs assert that Commerce failed to consider their arguments or adequately review the voluminous documentary evidence they submitted. See Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. J. on the Agency R. at 3, 21-22. Plaintiffs’ argument is unfounded, however, because Commerce summarized Plaintiffs’ arguments in its Initiation Notice. See Initiation Notice at 43,528. Moreover, absent some showing to the contrary, Commerce is entitled to the presumption that it considered the record evidence as a whole. Cf. Nat’l Ass’n of Mirror Mfrs. v. United States, 12 CIT 771, 779, 696 F. Supp. 642, 648 (1988)(holding that "the Commission is presumed to have considered all of the evidence in the record."). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 11
Second, numerous reports included in Plaintiffs’ August 14,
1996 submission characterized vector supercomputer architecture as
particular to vector supercomputers. The Smaby Group report, for
example, not only characterized vector supercomputer architecture
as distinct, but listed Cray as its only domestic producer: "The
parallel/vector6 architecture is the most popular for high-end
scientific computing. . . . Machines in this class are today
manufactured by Cray Research (the overwhelmingly dominant vendor),
Fujitsu, NEC, Hitachi, and Cray Computer." August 14, 1996 Letter
from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. 9, Exhibit 7 (Smaby Group, GLOBAL
COMPETITIVENESS OF JAPANESE SUPERCOMPUTERS at 8).
The International Data Corporation ("IDC") report stated, "We
expect the classical vector market to remain the central
computational platform throughout the rest of the decade, but with
decreasing demand outside of the installed base." Id., Exhibit 10
(IDC, HIGH PERFORMANCE SYSTEMS: 1995-1999 FORECAST SUMMARY at 5).
Finally, Larry Smarr, Director of the National Center for
Supercomputing Applications ("NCSA") testified before the House
Science Committee Basic Research Subcommittee that, "NCSA has
6 Smaby Group defined "parallel/vector" architecture as a design combining several processors in a single system, but including vector processors as an integral component. See August 14, 1996 Letter from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. no. 9, Exhibit 7 (Smaby Group, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF JAPANESE SUPERCOMPUTERS at 2). Therefore, parallel/vector architecture falls within Commerce’s definition of vector supercomputers, i.e., a "computer with a vector hardware unit as an integral part of its central processing unit boards." Initiation Notice at 43,528. Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 12
worked with users to develop and migrate application codes through
three distinct phases of supercomputer architectures: shared memory
vector processors; massively parallel processors; and scalable
memory RISC processors." Id., Exhibit 3 (Hearings Regarding the
National Science Foundation Before the Subcommittee on Basic Research of the House Committee on Science (Mar. 19,
1996)(statement of Larry L. Smarr, Director of NCSA at 2).
2. Performance Characteristics
The record also contains substantial evidence supporting
Commerce’s finding that vector supercomputers possess different
performance characteristics than non-vector supercomputers. See
Initiation Notice at 43,529. Again, numerous articles attached to
Plaintiff’s August 14, 1996 submission characterized vector
supercomputers as having different performance characteristics,
including the following passage from the Smaby Group report:
For the last twenty years, enterprise-level supercomputers from all manufacturers have employed vector processing to achieve very high calculation rates. A conventional, or "scalar," processor gains speed by reducing the time it takes to complete each instruction in series. The vector processor (or pipeline) benefits from the predictability of array operations. Memory accesses and individual calculation steps are overlapped for each element in the array, allowing each successive calculation to be initiated very rapidly. This results in much higher aggregate processing rates for applications which make effective use of vectors.
August 14, 1996 Letter from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc No. 9, Exhibit 7
(Smaby Group, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF JAPANESE SUPERCOMPUTERS at 2). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 13
Bill Buzbee, the director of NCAR’s Scientific Computing
Division, compared the processing speeds of massively parallel
processors ("MPPs") and vector supercomputers as follows: "To
overcome the software disadvantage [of MPP systems], a 1,000-node
MPP machine would have to work at 40 GFLOPS [(billion floating
point operations per second)] four to eight times faster than
currently to make it as attractive as a 20-GFLOPS shared-memory
[vector] supercomputer of comparable price[.]" Id., Exhibit 12
(Gary H. Anthes, Research Lab Sizes Up Slew of Supercomputers,
COMPUTERWORLD, Aug. 1, 1994).
Finally, a September 8, 1995 excerpt from Science
distinguished vector processing from non-vector computer processing
as follows: "the vector computer derives its power from expensive,
custom-built processors that perform calculations simultaneously on
long strings of numbers--vectors--instead of adding, subtracting,
multiplying, and dividing numbers two at a time." Id., at Exhibit
12 (Robert Pool, Off-the-Shelf Chips Conquer the Heights of Computing, SCIENCE, Sept. 8, 1995). B. Uses
Finally, the record contains substantial evidence supporting
Commerce’s conclusion that certain applications are chiefly
performed by vector supercomputers. See Initiation Notice at
43,529. Numerous articles attached to Plaintiffs’ submissions to
Commerce corroborate Commerce’s finding. Although many of
Plaintiffs’ articles do indicate that vector supercomputers face Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 14
increasing competition from non-vector supercomputers, they also
demonstrate that certain applications still demand vector
supercomputers alone.
For example, while noting the increasing competition vector
supercomputers face from parallel processing computers, a January
1996 article from BYTE cautioned,
But don’t abandon vector processing just yet. In certain situations, a vector-processing system delivers better performance than a parallel-processing system, especially when dealing with complex simulations involving huge data arrays. That’s because the average memory-access times can be shorter with vector processing, even with a large memory space. In contrast, a parallel-processing system with lots of memory might have to wait quite a while for data to move from one part of the system to another[.]
August 14, 1996 Letter from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. 9, Exhibit 12 (Tom
Thompson, The World’s Fastest Computers, BYTE, January 1996).
Moreover, in Fujitsu’s August 19, 1996 letter, the Plaintiffs
note Cray’s intention to create a hybrid computer (incorporating
each of the three main architectures--MPP, symmetric
multiprocessors ("SMP"), and vector) as indication that there were
not clear dividing lines between the three. See August 19, 1996
Letter from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. No. 12, at 4. To the contrary,
Robert Ewald, president of Cray, explained that the company
intended to create a hybrid supercomputer based on their
recognition that each architecture performs certain applications
better than the others. See August 14, Letter from Fujitsu, P.R.
Doc. No. 9, Exhibit 12 (Richard McCormack, Cray Research to Merge
Vector, SMP and MPP into One Architecture, HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 15
AND COMMUNICATIONS WEEK, Feb. 9, 1995). In the article, Ewald
explained,
We have all three [architectures] because of our belief that different applications would run best on all three and we always believed it would be a transitory thing. . . . In concept, if you looked at the parallel world today as it exists, there are some large problems that really will parallelize well. There are some that run best in the vector world and there are smaller applications that run best in the SMP world.
Finally, only bids that included vector supercomputers met the
technical requirements for weather modeling in the UCAR procurement
from which Commerce derived the export price. See Initiation
Notice at 43,529; see also Petition at Annex A (May 20, 1996 UCAR
Press Release).7
C. Other Considerations
Naturally, the process of determining whether one product is
7 Plaintiffs claim that "Cray purposefully failed to inform [Commerce] that [Cray’s] initial and final bids to UCAR included both vector and non-vector machines[,]" and asked the Court to take judicial notice of this fact. Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. J. on the Agency R. at 19-20. That Cray may have included both vector and non-vector supercomputers in its bid, however, is not material. First, vector supercomputers are typically designed to include scalar processors to enable them to handle computations with non- vectorized data. See August 14, 1996 Letter from Fujitsu, P.R. Doc. No. 9, Exhibit 7 (Smaby Group, GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS OF JAPANESE SUPERCOMPUTERS at 2). Moreover, what is material is that, although UCAR considered both vector and non-vector supercomputers, the only three bids UCAR deemed competitive featured vector systems. See Pl.’s Mem. in Supp. of Mot. J. on the Agency R., Exhibit A (In the Matter of Vector Supercomputers from Japan, hearing before the International Trade Commission, Inv. No. 731-TA-750(F), Aug. 27, 1997). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 16
"like" another entails some line drawing. For purposes of
standing, Congress afforded Commerce the discretion to draw the
line. See 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(1)(A)(ii); see also NTN Bearing
Corp., 15 CIT at 80, 757 F. Supp. at 1430 ("It is the function of
[Commerce] to determine standing[.]").8 Where, as here, Commerce’s
determination is supported by substantial evidence, the Court will
affirm.
Moreover, the Court notes the limited time frame within which
Commerce must make its determination. As noted, the statute
requires that Commerce determine whether "the petition has been
filed by or on behalf of the industry" within twenty days of its
filing. See 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(1)(A). The Statement of
Administrative Action also indicates Congress’s intention under the
URAA to "streamline" the process of determining industry support
for a petition to resolve the matter "conclusively at the outset of
a proceeding[.]" See Statement of Administrative Action, H.R. Doc.
No. 103-316, 103d Cong., 2d Sess. (1994) at 861-62.9 Therefore, in
8 Although NTN Bearing was decided before the enactment of the URAA, the statutory definition of "domestic like product" has not changed. Therefore, the decision still has precedential value. 9 The Statement of Administrative Action represents "an authoritative expression by the Administration concerning its views regarding the interpretation and application of the Uruguay Round agreements . . . ." H.R. Doc. No. 103-316, 103d Cong., 2d Sess. at 656 (1994). "[I]t is the expectation of the Congress that future Administrations will observe and apply the interpretations and commitments set out in this Statement." Id. (quoted in Delverde, SrL v. United States, 21 CIT , , 989 F. Supp. 218, 229-30 n.18 (1997)). Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 17
reviewing the standing determination, the Court is mindful of
Commerce’s statutory mandate to make an expedited finding. See
Matson Navigation Co., Inc. v. Federal Maritime Comm’n, 959 F.2d
1039, 1043 (D.C. Cir. 1992)(holding that, because Congress
"mandated strict time limits on the [Federal Maritime] Commission’s
decisionmaking process for general rate increases[,]" the agency
was entitled "to an extra portion of deference in the review of its
rate orders."); cf. Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. v. United
States, 21 CIT , , 986 F. Supp. 1428, 1432 (1997)("Given the
time limits imposed on Commerce’s initiation decision . . . , the
Court finds that the procedures Commerce followed constituted a
reasonable application of the statute and therefore, that the scope
definition upon which it based its industry support determination
was in accordance with law.").
Here, Cray filed its petition on July 29, 1996. See
Initiation Notice at 43,528. The SAA provides that where,
[A] petition provides sufficient evidence that domestic producers or workers accounting for more than fifty percent of total domestic production of the domestic like product expressly support the petition, Commerce will determine, on the basis of evidence contained in the petition, that the petition is filed ’by or on behalf of the domestic industry.’
SAA at 862. Therefore, Congress specifically gave Commerce the
authority to make its standing determination on the basis of the
evidence contained in the petition alone. Interested parties,
however, may submit comments on the issue of industry support Consol. Court No. 97-11-02021 Page 18
pursuant to 19 U.S.C. § 1673a(c)(4)(E). Here, Plaintiffs submitted
their initial comments on August 16, 1996--sixteen days after the
filing date--and additional comments on August 19, 1996--twenty-one
days after the filing date. See Initiation Notice at 43,528.
The Court recognizes that the "strict time frames within which
to work may require an agency to make its decision on a record more
slender than desired and may render acceptable an unusually terse
explanation of reasoning." Matson Navigation, 959 F.2d at 1043.
Here, Commerce had the full twenty days to review the petition and
was able to determine that the petition demonstrated sufficient
industry support on its face. Commerce then had a mere four days,
at most, to review Plaintiffs’ comments, yet Commerce did consider
them, finding that they were insufficient to warrant a different
conclusion. See Initiation Notice at 43,528-529.
That Fujitsu "can point to evidence of record which detracts
from . . . [Commerce’s] decision and can hypothesize a reasonable
basis for a contrary determination is neither surprising nor
persuasive."10 Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. United States, 3
Fed. Cir. (T) 44, 54, 750 F.2d 927, 936 (1984). The Court must
determine whether the record contains "such relevant evidence as a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support [Commerce’s]
10 We emphasize that Fujitsu, the respondent to the underlying investigation, alone has expressed opposition to the petition. The Court notes that not a single domestic producer of supercomputers has expressed opposition to the petition. Cf. Mitsubishi, 21 CIT at , 986 F. Supp. at 1432. conclusion." Consolidated Edison Co. v. NLRB, 305 U.S. 197, 229
(1938). The possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions
from the evidence does not prevent [Commerce’s] finding from being
supported by substantial evidence. See Consolo v. Federal Maritime
Comm’n, 383 U.S. 607, 620 (1966)(citations omitted); see also
Shieldalloy Metallurgical Corp. v. United States, 21 CIT ,
, 975 F. Supp. 361, 364 (1997)("It is not the Court’s role . .
. to reweigh the evidence; rather the Court insures that Commerce’s
determinations are supported by substantial evidence.").
Conclusion
Commerce's domestic like product determination is supported by
substantial evidence and is in accordance with law. Therefore,
Commerce’s determination of industry support for the petition is
sustained, and this case is dismissed. Judgment will be entered
accordingly.
Donald C. Pogue, Judge
Dated: January 27, 1999 New York, New York