McClain, J. —
1. Partnership: settlement between partners : abandonment : burden of proof: evidence. The ultimate facts necessary to be determined in order to dispose of'this controversy are few, and the rules of law applicable thereto are simple and practically undisputed. Prior to the institution of the original action for dissolution of partnership and accounting, S. B. Fritz and C. M. Fritz, under the firm name of Fritz & Fritz, had been engaged in the mercantile business, and had sold their stock of goods in October, 1903, to one O. J. Hubbard, receiving in exchange a half section of Minnesota land valued at $7,000, which was subject to a mortgage of $2,500. The stock was taken by Hubbard at a valuation of $8,600, and Hubbard gave bis note secured by a mortgage oh tbe stock to the aggregate amount of $4,100. The notes and accounts of the firm were not sold to Hubbard', but were retained in the possession of C. M. Fritz, and they aggregated about $2,300. On Hubbard’s failure to pay oné of the purchase-money notes, Fritz & Fritz took possession of the stock of goods under their mortgage (in January, 1904), and brought a foreclosure suit against Hubbard, to which one Plummer was made defendant as holding a mortgage from Hubbard upon the stock; the contention of the plaintiffs in that suit being that the Plummer mortgage was subject to said plaintiff’s mortgage, while Plummer claimed that by reason of some insufficiency in the recording of said plaintiff’s mortgage he, Plummer, had acquired priority. Some arrangement was made between the parties to , this foreclosure suit by which Fritz & Fritz were allowed to retain possession and dispose of the stock in the ordinary course of trade. The business was in this situation when S. B. Fritz instituted his action for dissolution of the partnership and accounting, C. M. Fritz having abandoned the part[724]*724nership business ot which he had previously been the active manager. After the appointment of J. M. Berry as receiver, by agreement of parties a contract of settlement between S. B. Fritz and O. hi. Fritz was entered into (November 26, 1904), in which it was stipulated that, for the purpose of making a settlement of all matters between the members of said firm, S. B. Fritz agreed to convey to O. M. Fritz all his right, title and interest in and to the real property above referred to and all other property of every kind and description embraced in the order of court appointing J. M. Berry as receiver, and it was further agreed that C. hi. Fritz and S. B. Fritz were each to have one-half of all the book accounts, bills receivable, and other evidence of indebtedness growing out of the sale of goods, merchandise, etc., since January, 1904, and S. B. Fritz, however, to select from said book accounts, bills receivable, and other evidences of indebtedness a total amount in .value of $140, and provision for the division of the balance of said accounts and property was made. It was also- agreed that O. M. Fritz should pay $98.50 to plaintiff, and should satisfy the claims of Plummer, Hubbard, and the- trustee in bankruptcy of the estate of Hubbard against the firm of Fritz & Fritz and against any property owned by the firm, and furnish satisfactory evidence of such settlement, and also pay the accounts of two other specified creditors in small sums. It was stipulated in this agreement that the two partners should each pay one-half of all other indebtedness existing against the firm, and one-half of all court costs and attorney’s fees made at the instance of both parties, and each should pay the attorney’s fees made at his own instance and request; further, that S. B. Fritz should have all the merchandise, goods, etc., belonging to the firm, being the whole of the remainder of said stock of goods reconveyed by Hubbard to said firm, and such additions thereto as had been made by the firm or either member thereof. The only stipula[725]*725tion in the contract of settlement with regard to the time of performance was that the settlement by C. M. Fritz with the trustee in bankruptcy of'Hubbar d and with Plummer should not be later than the last day of the January term, 1905, of the court in which the chattel mortgage foreclosure was pending, and .that as soon as such settlement should be made then all other parts of the agreement were to be carried into effect immediately, excepting that the land was to be transferred to C. M. Fritz whenever it should be necessary to close the deal with the trustee in bankruptcy of Hubbard and with Plummer.
After the making of this agreement of settlement, the-title to the land was by the voluntary action of both partners vested in J. M. Berry individually, and not as receiver, Berry to- hold the title for C. M. Fritz. S¡ B. Fritz, who was already in possession of the stock of goods, proceeded to treat it as his own property, and to dispose of it without consultation with or accounting to C. M. Fritz. Settlement with Hubbard’s trustee and Plummer was not effected during the January term, 1905, of the court, but at the May term 'following a default was secured in the foreclosure suit which disposed of all claims of Plummer and the trustee of Hubbard against the stock of goods. In the meantime, however, there had been omissions on the part of C. M. Fritz with regard to the carrying out of the terms of the contract of settlement which it is now claimed' justified a rescission thereof by S. B. Fritz, and it is further claimed S. B. Fritz took advantage of such default on the part of the other party to the agreement and did rescind it.
One of the chief claims made for appellant as constituting a showing that the agreement of settlement was .practically abandoned by both parties to it is that nothing was done on either side-to carry out its provisions. -But such a claim is not in accordance with the evidence. Before the time when the foreclosure suit against Hubbard [726]*726and Plummer was to be settled, S. B. Fritz had begun to treat the stock of goods received back from Hubbard by the firm as his own property, and had made no effort to account for his disposition of the goods or the proceeds thereof, and on the other hand S. B. Fritz had joined with C. M. Fritz in placing the legal title to the real property in the hands of Berry in trust for O'. M. Fritz.' In this respect, therefore, the agreement of settlement had been in fact fully performed.
There was a delay of several months in the adjustment of the settlement with Hubbard’s trustee and Plummer, but it does not appear that any damage resulted to the plaintiff on account of this delay, and, when the judgment by default was secured extinguishing all pretended claims on the part of Hubbard’s, trustee and Plummer on the stock of goods, C. M. Fritz had substantially complied with the agreement of settlement in this respect. Two other small -claims by creditors of the firm were to be satisfied, but it does not appear that such claims have be.en pressed as against plaintiff nor that they are of any validity, and failure of C. M. Fritz' to perform in this respect has never been insisted upon by plaintiff as a ground of rescission. With reference to the failure of C. M.. Fritz.to make plaintiff a cash payment of $98.50', it is enough to say that, before the filing of -the supplemental petition asking a cancellation of the agreement of settlement, C. M. Fritz made a tender to plaintiff covering all his liability arising out of the agreement of settlement not already extinguished.
One other default on the part of O. II.
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McClain, J. —
1. Partnership: settlement between partners : abandonment : burden of proof: evidence. The ultimate facts necessary to be determined in order to dispose of'this controversy are few, and the rules of law applicable thereto are simple and practically undisputed. Prior to the institution of the original action for dissolution of partnership and accounting, S. B. Fritz and C. M. Fritz, under the firm name of Fritz & Fritz, had been engaged in the mercantile business, and had sold their stock of goods in October, 1903, to one O. J. Hubbard, receiving in exchange a half section of Minnesota land valued at $7,000, which was subject to a mortgage of $2,500. The stock was taken by Hubbard at a valuation of $8,600, and Hubbard gave bis note secured by a mortgage oh tbe stock to the aggregate amount of $4,100. The notes and accounts of the firm were not sold to Hubbard', but were retained in the possession of C. M. Fritz, and they aggregated about $2,300. On Hubbard’s failure to pay oné of the purchase-money notes, Fritz & Fritz took possession of the stock of goods under their mortgage (in January, 1904), and brought a foreclosure suit against Hubbard, to which one Plummer was made defendant as holding a mortgage from Hubbard upon the stock; the contention of the plaintiffs in that suit being that the Plummer mortgage was subject to said plaintiff’s mortgage, while Plummer claimed that by reason of some insufficiency in the recording of said plaintiff’s mortgage he, Plummer, had acquired priority. Some arrangement was made between the parties to , this foreclosure suit by which Fritz & Fritz were allowed to retain possession and dispose of the stock in the ordinary course of trade. The business was in this situation when S. B. Fritz instituted his action for dissolution of the partnership and accounting, C. M. Fritz having abandoned the part[724]*724nership business ot which he had previously been the active manager. After the appointment of J. M. Berry as receiver, by agreement of parties a contract of settlement between S. B. Fritz and O. hi. Fritz was entered into (November 26, 1904), in which it was stipulated that, for the purpose of making a settlement of all matters between the members of said firm, S. B. Fritz agreed to convey to O. M. Fritz all his right, title and interest in and to the real property above referred to and all other property of every kind and description embraced in the order of court appointing J. M. Berry as receiver, and it was further agreed that C. hi. Fritz and S. B. Fritz were each to have one-half of all the book accounts, bills receivable, and other evidence of indebtedness growing out of the sale of goods, merchandise, etc., since January, 1904, and S. B. Fritz, however, to select from said book accounts, bills receivable, and other evidences of indebtedness a total amount in .value of $140, and provision for the division of the balance of said accounts and property was made. It was also- agreed that O. M. Fritz should pay $98.50 to plaintiff, and should satisfy the claims of Plummer, Hubbard, and the- trustee in bankruptcy of the estate of Hubbard against the firm of Fritz & Fritz and against any property owned by the firm, and furnish satisfactory evidence of such settlement, and also pay the accounts of two other specified creditors in small sums. It was stipulated in this agreement that the two partners should each pay one-half of all other indebtedness existing against the firm, and one-half of all court costs and attorney’s fees made at the instance of both parties, and each should pay the attorney’s fees made at his own instance and request; further, that S. B. Fritz should have all the merchandise, goods, etc., belonging to the firm, being the whole of the remainder of said stock of goods reconveyed by Hubbard to said firm, and such additions thereto as had been made by the firm or either member thereof. The only stipula[725]*725tion in the contract of settlement with regard to the time of performance was that the settlement by C. M. Fritz with the trustee in bankruptcy of'Hubbar d and with Plummer should not be later than the last day of the January term, 1905, of the court in which the chattel mortgage foreclosure was pending, and .that as soon as such settlement should be made then all other parts of the agreement were to be carried into effect immediately, excepting that the land was to be transferred to C. M. Fritz whenever it should be necessary to close the deal with the trustee in bankruptcy of Hubbard and with Plummer.
After the making of this agreement of settlement, the-title to the land was by the voluntary action of both partners vested in J. M. Berry individually, and not as receiver, Berry to- hold the title for C. M. Fritz. S¡ B. Fritz, who was already in possession of the stock of goods, proceeded to treat it as his own property, and to dispose of it without consultation with or accounting to C. M. Fritz. Settlement with Hubbard’s trustee and Plummer was not effected during the January term, 1905, of the court, but at the May term 'following a default was secured in the foreclosure suit which disposed of all claims of Plummer and the trustee of Hubbard against the stock of goods. In the meantime, however, there had been omissions on the part of C. M. Fritz with regard to the carrying out of the terms of the contract of settlement which it is now claimed' justified a rescission thereof by S. B. Fritz, and it is further claimed S. B. Fritz took advantage of such default on the part of the other party to the agreement and did rescind it.
One of the chief claims made for appellant as constituting a showing that the agreement of settlement was .practically abandoned by both parties to it is that nothing was done on either side-to carry out its provisions. -But such a claim is not in accordance with the evidence. Before the time when the foreclosure suit against Hubbard [726]*726and Plummer was to be settled, S. B. Fritz had begun to treat the stock of goods received back from Hubbard by the firm as his own property, and had made no effort to account for his disposition of the goods or the proceeds thereof, and on the other hand S. B. Fritz had joined with C. M. Fritz in placing the legal title to the real property in the hands of Berry in trust for O'. M. Fritz.' In this respect, therefore, the agreement of settlement had been in fact fully performed.
There was a delay of several months in the adjustment of the settlement with Hubbard’s trustee and Plummer, but it does not appear that any damage resulted to the plaintiff on account of this delay, and, when the judgment by default was secured extinguishing all pretended claims on the part of Hubbard’s, trustee and Plummer on the stock of goods, C. M. Fritz had substantially complied with the agreement of settlement in this respect. Two other small -claims by creditors of the firm were to be satisfied, but it does not appear that such claims have be.en pressed as against plaintiff nor that they are of any validity, and failure of C. M. Fritz' to perform in this respect has never been insisted upon by plaintiff as a ground of rescission. With reference to the failure of C. M.. Fritz.to make plaintiff a cash payment of $98.50', it is enough to say that, before the filing of -the supplemental petition asking a cancellation of the agreement of settlement, C. M. Fritz made a tender to plaintiff covering all his liability arising out of the agreement of settlement not already extinguished.
One other default on the part of O. II. Fritz is insisted upon by plaintiff, which consisted in the failure to pay an installment of interest on the mortgage subject to which the tract of land had been taken in exchange for the stock of goods. This 'installment of interest in the sum of $116 fell.due prior to the date of the settlement, and, as no provision in the agreement had reference to the pay[727]*727ment of such indebtedness, it was a debt equally of S. B. Fritz and C. M. Fritz, who jointly held the title to the land. When, therefore, foreclosure of the mortgage was threatened in March following the settlement, if this installment of interest was not paid, there was no more obligation on the one member of the firm than on the other to make such payment, unless when title had been vested by mutual consent in Berry, there was some specific undertaking binding him as trustee, or binding C. M. Fritz, to extinguish such indebtedness. No such undertaking is shown. It was not unnatural, therefore, that Berry should have applied to plaintiff to_ satisfy such claim and prevent a foreclosure, for such foreclosure would in fact have resulted in loss to the plaintiff; C. M. Fritz being, as it would seem, practically insolvent if this land was lost to him, and therefore unable to carry out the other parts of the settlement for the protection' of plaintiff. The advancement of this sum of money by plaintiff was then nothing more than an advancement of one-half of the interest charge to C. M. Fritz in a matter not covered by the agreement of settlement, and, as it appears that plaintiff then had in his hands accounts of a considerable value in Avhich C. M. Fritz had an interest, such advancement did not in itself show an intention on.the part of plaintiff to rescind the agreement of settlement. There is much contradictory testimony as to Avhat Avas said between Berry and plaintiff at the time this advancement was made, and it is insisted that plaintiff acted for the preservation of the property only after he had a definite arrangement that the agreement of settlement should he- treated' as abandoned. We' are satisfied, however, that plaintiff has not in this respect established his case. Something more than mere inference or indefinite understanding ought to be shoAvn in order to establish the setting aside of a written agreement of settlement formally entered into between the parties. In this respect the plaintiff had the burden of [728]*728proof, and be has not made out bis case by a preponderance of tbe evidence.
Other conversations between plaintiff, Berry, and one Steinbilder, with whom it is said plaintiff listed the land for sale in disregard of the agreement of settlement, are also relied. on as showing a mutual abandonment thereof. But here again there is much contradiction between the accounts of the witnesses, and we can do no more than say that plaintiff’s contention is not sustained.
It is of considerable significance that no witness testifies as to any express and specific rescission of the agreement of settlement by plaintiff or renunciation thereof by C. M. Fritz. Whatever was said according to the testimony of- any witness tending to show such rescission or abandonment was said as between plaintiff and Berry, who was the attorney of C. M. Fritz after the agreement of settlement was made, and it does not appear that Berry had any authority from Fritz to agree that this contract should be modified or superseded.
2. Same: substitution of new agreement. The legal proposition relied upon for plaintiff is that the agreement of settlement did not amount to an accord and satisfaction between the parties until it was carried out, and it must be conceded that if the agreement contemplated a settlement only when its provisions should be performed by O.' M. Fritz, then it did not become effectual. On the other hand, it is well settled that the parties to a controversy in regard to their mutual obligations may substitute therefor the mutual obligations of a new agreement, and that when this is done their respective rights and liabilities are to be determined by the new agreement which has been substituted for such duties and obligations as previously existed. Hall v. Smith, 15 Iowa, 584; Merry v. Allen, 39 Iowa, 235; Sioux City S. Y. Co. v. Sioux City P. Co., 110 Iowa, 396; Lindt v. Schlitz Brew. Co., 113 Iowa, 200; Smith v. Elrod, 122 Ala. 269 (24 South. 994); [729]*729Gulf, C. & S. F. R. Co. v. Harriet, 80 Tex. 73 (15 S. W. 556).
There is some language in .the agreement of settlement as already described which might support the contention that only a performance of the terms of the agreement by C. M. Fritz would relieve him from his previous obligations, hut taking the language as a whole we are satisfied that the purpose of the parties was to extinguish their previous rights and liabilities and substitute therefor the rights and liabilities specified in the agreement. This view is corroborated by the fact that no specific time is mentioned for the performance of several of the obligations named in the agreement, and that after it was made the conduct of both parties was consistent with the theory of a substitution of an executory agreement’ rather than with the theory of an agreement that their previous rights and liabilities should be extinguished only when the settlement ivas completely carried out.
3. Same: rescission. Finally, with reference to the right on the part of plaintiff to rescind regardless of assent on the part of C. M. Fritz, it is sufficient to say that such rescission could only be made on tendering back the advantage which pláintiff had already received under the contract of settlement by taking possession and disposing of the stock of goods as his own, and this plaintiff never attempted to do.
We are satisfied, therefore, that the trial court correctly held the agreement of settlement to be a complete substitution for the pre-existing rights and liabilities of the parties as partners, and that plaintiff therefore failed to show himself to be entitled to any relief under his amended and supplemental pleading.
The decree is (tffirmed.