BRICKELL, C. J.
This is -a bill in which the appellants were complainants, filed under the ..provisions-of the act approved December 10, 1892, (Acts of 1892-93, p. 42), authorizing any person who is in the peaceable possession of land, whether actual or constructive, claiming to own the same, when his title thereto or to- any part thereof is denied or disputed, to maintain a suit in equity to determine the conflicting claims which may be preferred, and quiet the title to the lands. At the filing of the bill, neither of the parties thereto was in the actual possession of the land in controversy, so far as appears from the evidence, but the defendants had some time previously taken possession of a part of it, and were claiming title to the whole. The • constructive possession of the complainants, which exists, in contemplation of law, in the holder of the title, was, however, a sufficient possession upon which to found their right to maintain the bill. In a proceeding of this character it is not necessary for the complainant to prove title to all the land claimed by him and described in the bill in order to obtain relief. The statute contemplates [459] the granting of relief as to such of the lands as the complainant shows title to, and when it appears that the title t.o a part of the land is in the complainant, while that to the remainder is in the defendant, the court should ascertain and declare these facts and decree accordingly. If the defendant does not claim title to a part of thedands, he should specify in his answer the part disclaimed, and if he fails to do so, he must be treated as claiming the whole. The evidence is without dispute, that complainants had a superior title to an undivided one-half interest in the S. E: i and the S. W. i of S. E. i of section 1, township 21, range 8 west, and of consequence they were entitled to a decree as to such undivided one-half interest, 'the court erred, therefore, in dismissing the bill and rendering a decree in favor of the defendants for the whole of the lands in controversy.
Complainants claimed title to the other lands described in the complaint through an administrator’s sale of the lands belonging to the insolvent estate of William Shamblin, deceased, in the year 1882. The defendants, claiming title as the children and heirs at law of said William Shamblin, charged that the estate owed no debts at the time of the sale or application therefor, that administration on the estate was unnecessary, that the claims against the estate reported by the administrator were simulated and fraudulent, having never been presented to the administrator nor filed as claims against the estate, and that complainants and their attorney had fraudulently procured the grant of administration on said estate and the rendition of a decree of insolvency, in order to obtain possession of the lands in controversy. It is further sought to impeach the validity of the administrator’s sale on the ground of various irregularities in the proceedings which, it is contended, rendered it absolutely void.
The charge of fraud on the part of complainants or their attorneys in connection with the administration of the estate, or the procuring and rendition of the decree of insolvency, and the sale of the lands, finds no support in any tendency of the evidence. The undisputed evidence is that two years after the administrator’s sale, complainants purchased the land from the purchaser at said sale, and that they had no knowledge whatever of the probate proceedings. If any fraud was [460] perpetrated, — and the evidence, in our opinion, fails to show any, — these complainants are not shown 16 have had even the remotest connection with it. Nor does the evidence support the charge that the claims against the estate, as reported by the administrator, were simulated and fraudulent. The only claims mentioned in the administrator’s report of insolvency were one in favor of John Sumner for the sum of $100, which was not proven nor allowed, and one for $600 or more in favor of Mary J. Williams, the widow of the intestate and mother of the defendants, while the value of the property belonging to the estate was reported to be less than $600. Notwithstanding the latter now testifies that the estate owed her nothing, and that she never presented any claim against it, we are satisfied from the evidence that she had such claim, that it was duly presented to the administrator by her, and that the same was paid to her out of the proceeds of the sale, partly in cash and the balance by a credit allowed on the purchase money due for a part of the lands of the estate bid off and purchased by or for her at the sale. This claim had its origin, in part, in a purchase by her husband in his own name of lands belonging to her father’s estate at an administrator’s sale thereof, payment for which was made with her distributive share of said estate. This was a use by her husband of the corpus of her statutory estate, and created a debt in her favor. The only infirmity in the claim was that an action thereon would have been barred by the statute of limitations, if asserted, and that it was' increased by the addition of interest, for which, under the law then in force, the husband incurred no liability by the use of the wife’s money. The debt, however, still existed as a legal and moral obligation against the estate, and the failure of the administrator to assert the statute of limitations and object to the allowance of interest, could not, in the absence of fraud or collusion, operate to render void the decree of insolvency.
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BRICKELL, C. J.
This is -a bill in which the appellants were complainants, filed under the ..provisions-of the act approved December 10, 1892, (Acts of 1892-93, p. 42), authorizing any person who is in the peaceable possession of land, whether actual or constructive, claiming to own the same, when his title thereto or to- any part thereof is denied or disputed, to maintain a suit in equity to determine the conflicting claims which may be preferred, and quiet the title to the lands. At the filing of the bill, neither of the parties thereto was in the actual possession of the land in controversy, so far as appears from the evidence, but the defendants had some time previously taken possession of a part of it, and were claiming title to the whole. The • constructive possession of the complainants, which exists, in contemplation of law, in the holder of the title, was, however, a sufficient possession upon which to found their right to maintain the bill. In a proceeding of this character it is not necessary for the complainant to prove title to all the land claimed by him and described in the bill in order to obtain relief. The statute contemplates [459] the granting of relief as to such of the lands as the complainant shows title to, and when it appears that the title t.o a part of the land is in the complainant, while that to the remainder is in the defendant, the court should ascertain and declare these facts and decree accordingly. If the defendant does not claim title to a part of thedands, he should specify in his answer the part disclaimed, and if he fails to do so, he must be treated as claiming the whole. The evidence is without dispute, that complainants had a superior title to an undivided one-half interest in the S. E: i and the S. W. i of S. E. i of section 1, township 21, range 8 west, and of consequence they were entitled to a decree as to such undivided one-half interest, 'the court erred, therefore, in dismissing the bill and rendering a decree in favor of the defendants for the whole of the lands in controversy.
Complainants claimed title to the other lands described in the complaint through an administrator’s sale of the lands belonging to the insolvent estate of William Shamblin, deceased, in the year 1882. The defendants, claiming title as the children and heirs at law of said William Shamblin, charged that the estate owed no debts at the time of the sale or application therefor, that administration on the estate was unnecessary, that the claims against the estate reported by the administrator were simulated and fraudulent, having never been presented to the administrator nor filed as claims against the estate, and that complainants and their attorney had fraudulently procured the grant of administration on said estate and the rendition of a decree of insolvency, in order to obtain possession of the lands in controversy. It is further sought to impeach the validity of the administrator’s sale on the ground of various irregularities in the proceedings which, it is contended, rendered it absolutely void.
The charge of fraud on the part of complainants or their attorneys in connection with the administration of the estate, or the procuring and rendition of the decree of insolvency, and the sale of the lands, finds no support in any tendency of the evidence. The undisputed evidence is that two years after the administrator’s sale, complainants purchased the land from the purchaser at said sale, and that they had no knowledge whatever of the probate proceedings. If any fraud was [460] perpetrated, — and the evidence, in our opinion, fails to show any, — these complainants are not shown 16 have had even the remotest connection with it. Nor does the evidence support the charge that the claims against the estate, as reported by the administrator, were simulated and fraudulent. The only claims mentioned in the administrator’s report of insolvency were one in favor of John Sumner for the sum of $100, which was not proven nor allowed, and one for $600 or more in favor of Mary J. Williams, the widow of the intestate and mother of the defendants, while the value of the property belonging to the estate was reported to be less than $600. Notwithstanding the latter now testifies that the estate owed her nothing, and that she never presented any claim against it, we are satisfied from the evidence that she had such claim, that it was duly presented to the administrator by her, and that the same was paid to her out of the proceeds of the sale, partly in cash and the balance by a credit allowed on the purchase money due for a part of the lands of the estate bid off and purchased by or for her at the sale. This claim had its origin, in part, in a purchase by her husband in his own name of lands belonging to her father’s estate at an administrator’s sale thereof, payment for which was made with her distributive share of said estate. This was a use by her husband of the corpus of her statutory estate, and created a debt in her favor. The only infirmity in the claim was that an action thereon would have been barred by the statute of limitations, if asserted, and that it was' increased by the addition of interest, for which, under the law then in force, the husband incurred no liability by the use of the wife’s money. The debt, however, still existed as a legal and moral obligation against the estate, and the failure of the administrator to assert the statute of limitations and object to the allowance of interest, could not, in the absence of fraud or collusion, operate to render void the decree of insolvency.
Eliminating the issue of fraud raised by the answer, the only question remaining to be considered is that of the validity vel non of the probate proceedings under which the sale was had. The original file in the probate court relating to the proceedings had therein to sell the lands belonging to .the estate of William [461] Shamblin, deceased, were sent to this court along with the transcript by order of the chancellor, and from it appear the following facts : On February 1, 1882, the administrator of said estate filed an application, verified by affidavit, for the sale of all the lands of the estate for the payment of debts, setting forth therein the names, residences and ages of the heirs, all of whom were minors, and a full description of the lands, and averring that the estate was indebted, that there was no personal property belonging to the estate, and that it was necessary to sell the lands for the payment of the debts. On Marches, 1882, he filed a report in writing, not verified by affidavit, stating that the estate was to the best of his knowledge and belief insolvent, together with a statement of all the property belonging to, and the claims against, the estate which had come to his knowledge, which statement showed the value of the property to be $580, and the amount of the claims to be $600 or more. The 21st day of April, 1882, was set to' hear and determine the same, and notice was ordered to be given to the creditors, as required by the statute, and on said date a decree was rendered declaring the estate insolvent, appointing June 6, 1882, as the date for the administrator to make final settlement, and ordering notice of the decree to be given in the manner required by the statute. Subsequently, on á date which it is impossible to determine by an examination of the original petition, but which is shown by the record to have been February 1, 1882, which-is clearly a mistake, the administrator filed a petition, verified by affidavit, reciting that the estate had been declared insolvent, and that a former application had been filed for an order for the sale of the lands of the estate for the payment of debts, which had not been acted on by the court, and praying that “an order be granted decreeing that said lands shall be sold for the payment of debté, according to the laws made .and provided in the cases of insolvent estates,” but no lands were described therein, nor were the names, residences or ages of the heirs .stated. On June 27, 1882, a decree was rendered ordering the sale of the lands which, recited that “due and legal notice of the nature of, and time set to hear, the petition has been given as required by law and the previous orders and decrees of this court, made and entered in the premises, by citations person[462] ally served upon, the heirs at law of William Shamblin, deceased, more than ten days before this day;” and that “said estate has been declared insolvent, and the petition for this proceeding amended so that said real estate hereinafter mentioned may be sold to pay the debts of said estate.” On August 28, 1882, the administrator reported the sale of the lands and the payment of the purchase money, and on October 1, 1882, the sale was confirmed, and deeds ordered to be made to the purchasers.
The pi-incipal objection to the validity of this sale relied on by appellees are, first, that the report of insolvency was not verified by affidavit; second, that they had no notice of the sale or the application therefor, were not parties to the proceedings, and were not represented either by counsel, guardian or guardian ad litem; and, third, that no evidence was taken by deposition, as in chancery proceedings, to show the necessity of the sale, as provided by section 2458, Code of 1876, then in force. It has long been the settled doctrine of this court that such irregularities and defects in the proceedings to sell the lands of a decedent for the payment of debts, are unavailable, in a collateral proceeding, to impeach the validity of the sale or the title of one claim-' ing under it. This doctrine is a rule of property, which judicial power cannot change. When the record affirmatively shows that the court had jurisdiction to order the sale, by a petition setting forth the necessary jurisdictional facts, that the land was sold by an administrator under its order, the sale confirmed, the purchase money paid, and a deed executed to the purchaser in obedience to the court’s mandate, the action of the court is conclusive until vacated in a direct proceeding, and neither the sale nor the title of the purchaser acquired thereunder can be collaterally impeached on account of any irregularities in, the proceedings.—Moore v. Cottingham, 113 Ala. 148; Kent v. Mansel, 101 Ala. 334; Thompson v. Boswell, 97 Ala. 570; Goodwin v. Sims, 86 Ala. 102 ; Pettus v. McClannahan, 52 Ala. 55 ; Satcher v. Satcher, 41 Ala. 26 ; Duval v. McLoskey, 1 Ala. 708. The lands in controversy were sold on a petition filed after the estate had been declared insolvent. The petition filed for the purpose was in itself totally insufficient, but it expressly referred to the former application on file and not yet [463] acted on, which was full and sufficient in all essential averments to confer jurisdiction, and prayed that the land be sold for the payment of debts as provided by the statute authorizing the sale of lands of an insolvent estate. It was proper .for. the court to regard the two petitions as .amendatory of each other, the two constituting but one petition, and to look to both for the averment of jurisdictional, facts .necessary to authorize it to act.—Doe ex dem. Saltonstall v. Riley, 28 Ala. 181. This the court did, as .appears from .the decree, and considering both petitions,, it cannot be doubted that the facts averred were sufficient to confer jurisdiction. The verification of the report of insolvency by the affidavit of the administrator, though it is required by the statute, and should always be made, is not a jurisdictional fact, and its absence is a mere irregularity, not available on a collateral attack. It is by the facts alleged, and not their verification, that jurisdiction is acquired.— Wartensleben v. Haithcock, 80 Ala. 569. The petition being, therefore, one for the sale for payment of debts of lands of an insolvent estate, the subsequent proceedings were to be governed by the provisions of the act of February 13, 1879, (Acts, 1878-79, p. 164), now constituting sections 2258, 2259, Code of 1886 ; Code of 1896, §§ 326-327.) This act expressly provides that “upon tire application of an executor or administrator of an'estate which has been declared insolvent, for an order for the sale of lands belonging to the estate for the payment of debts, he shall be allowed to obtain such order without taking any evidence by deposition, as in chancery cases, to show the necessity of the sale,” states what the application shall contain, and requires notice of the filing of the application, and of the day appointed to hear the same, to be given to the heirs or devisees by publication once a week in some newspaper published in the county. This act having been, adopted while section 2458, Code of 1876, was in force, rendering void an order for the sale of lands of an Restate, ■ when minors or persons of unsound mind are interested in such estate, unless evidence showing the necessity of such sale has been taken by deposition, as in chancery proceedings, must be construed as dispensing with the necessity of taking evidence in this manner, or in any manner, when the application is made after the decree [464] declaring the estate insolvent, even though some of the heirs may be minors.—Meadows v. Meadows, 78 Ala. 240. The failure of the record to show that such evidence was taken, or the failure to take such evidence, was not even an irregularity. Nor can the order of sale be declared void in this proceeding, because of the failure to give to the heirs notice of the filing of the application and of the day appointed to hear the same, as required by statute, or because of the failure of the record to show that a guardian ad litem was appointed to represent the interests of the minor heirs. It has been expressly held by this court, the proceeding being in rem, and not in personam, if the application contains the necessary averments to give the court jurisdiction, errors thereafter committed by the court, such as failure to notify the parties in adverse interest, or to appoint a guardian ad litem, or the failure of the guardian appointed to answer and deny allegations of the petition,are mere irregularities which will not avail, on collateral presentation, to avoid the order or title acquired by a sale under it.—Field v. Goldsby, 28 Ala. 218 ; Satcher v. Satcher, 41 Ala. 26, 48; Wilburn v. McCalley, 63 Ala. 445. Our conclusion, is that the order for the sale of the lands in controversy was not void, that the purchaser thereunder acquired a good title, which is now in the appellants, and that the court below should have rendered á decree determining the conflicting claims to all the land in favor of appellants, instead of in favor of appellees as was done.
The decree of the chancellor must be reversed, and a decree will be here rendered in conformity to this opinion.