COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, McClanahan and Senior Judge Fitzpatrick Argued at Salem, Virginia
FRED WILLIAM KINSER MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 0043-07-3 JUDGE JOHANNA L. FITZPATRICK DECEMBER 27, 2007 PATRICIA ANN FLEMING GRIMM KINSER
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BUCHANAN COUNTY Nicholas E. Persin, Judge
James R. Henderson IV (T. Shea Cook; Henderson & Forster, PLLC; Cook & Neo, P.C., on briefs), for appellant.
Robert J. Breimann (Street Law Firm, LLP, on brief), for appellee.
Fred William Kinser, husband, appeals a decision of the trial court granting Patricia Ann
Fleming Grimm Kinser, wife, a divorce a vinculo matrimonii. On appeal, husband asserts the trial
court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to grant the divorce. Husband also contends the trial court
erred by awarding wife $2,500 in attorney’s fees. We affirm the trial court.
Background
The parties married on October 1, 1974. On March 11, 1981, wife filed a bill of complaint
seeking a divorce from husband. In her bill of complaint, she alleged she had been a resident and
domiciliary of Buchanan County for more than six months preceding the commencement of the
suit. On March 17, 1981, the trial court “after considering the evidence presented by the
complainant ore tenus . . . [and] argument of counsel” ordered husband to pay wife pendente lite
spousal and child support. Husband endorsed the order, “Seen and agreed.”
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. No further action occurred in the case for several years, and pursuant to Code
§ 8.01-335(B) the case was removed from the active docket in 1988. On May 28, 2004, wife
filed a new bill of complaint seeking a divorce and an award for husband’s arrearage owed based
on the original pendente lite support payments established in the March 17, 1981 order. In June
2004, wife requested that she be allowed to establish the jurisdictional requirements for the
divorce and the amount of the arrearage using “Depositional Affidavits” for herself and her
witness. After consulting with husband and determining that he had no objection to the
procedure, the trial court granted wife’s request. In February 2005, wife noticed a hearing to
enter a final divorce decree and establish an arrearage amount. Husband moved inter alia to
consolidate the 1981 and 2004 proceedings, and the cases were consolidated on May 17, 2005.
He also moved to vacate the March 17, 1981 order for lack of jurisdiction.
On October 18, 2005, the trial court heard argument on several of husband’s motions,
including his jurisdictional claim. The trial court noted that husband had not raised any question
about the jurisdiction of the court in the twenty-four years since the entry of the 1981 order.
However, further discovery occurred concerning the basis for husband’s jurisdictional
objections. Wife issued numerous discovery requests to husband, attempting to obtain
information related to his jurisdictional challenge. Husband failed to produce any evidence to
establish he was a resident or domiciliary of a location other than Buchanan County. He
introduced a driver’s license, a voter’s card, and another document issued in October of 1980.
The court announced its intention to enter the divorce decree, including arrearage
amounts, relying upon the affidavits submitted by wife. Husband objected to the court’s use of
the affidavits, and the trial court ruled that husband had previously consented to the use of the
affidavits. The trial court also noted that husband could have cross-examined the affiants at any
time prior to the entry of the decree. In addition, the trial court observed that the two cases had
-2- been consolidated, the trial court had established jurisdiction in 1981, and husband had produced
no evidence disputing that the court had jurisdiction to hear the case. The trial court entered the
final decree, granting wife a divorce and establishing the support arrearage, and husband
appealed.
Analysis
“Subject matter jurisdiction is the authority granted to a court by constitution or by statute to
adjudicate a class of cases or controversies.” Earley v. Landsidle, 257 Va. 365, 371, 514 S.E.2d
153, 156 (1999). Subject matter jurisdiction for divorce rests with the circuit court. Code
§ 20-96. No suit is maintainable unless one of the parties is and has been a bona fide resident
and domiciliary for at least six months preceding the commencement of the suit. Code § 20-97.
Those requirements are jurisdictional. Rock v. Rock, 7 Va. App. 198, 201, 372 S.E.2d 211, 213
(1988).
“Generally, the party asserting that a judgment is void for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction has the burden of proving that fact.” Winston v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 746,
752, 497 S.E.2d 141, 144-45 (1998) (citations omitted).
The record clearly established that the trial court did not err when it denied husband’s
motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. 1 In her 1981 bill of complaint, wife
alleged she was and had been a resident and domiciliary of Buchanan County for more than six
months preceding the commencement of the suit. Code § 20-96 requires that only one of the
parties must meet the residency and domiciliary requirements in order to establish jurisdiction.
Thus, wife’s status was sufficient under the statute. Indeed, the written statement of facts states
that on March 17, 1981, the trial court heard evidence ore tenus and argument of counsel and
1 The parties relied on an agreed statement of facts and the orders accompanying it.
-3- found it had jurisdiction to hear the case. The trial court then entered the order awarding
pendente lite support and custody. Husband signed this order “Seen and agreed,” and he did not
suggest in 1981 that either he or wife were not residents or domiciliaries of Virginia. Thus, the
trial court’s jurisdiction to hear the case was established in 1981.
Upon husband’s motion, the 1981 and the 2004 cases were merged and consolidated and,
despite being given numerous opportunities to provide evidence related to the issue, husband
never introduced evidence tending to refute the fact that jurisdiction was established in 1981.
His submission of a copy of his driver’s license, a voter registration card, and another document
that were issued in October 1980 showing he was a resident of Buchanan County as of that date,
does not preclude a finding that he was a resident two months earlier. The trial court was not
required to find that this evidence outweighed evidence presented by wife or that it proved when
husband established a residence or domicile in Buchanan County. Furthermore, husband
provided incomplete and evasive answers to wife’s discovery requests related to the jurisdiction
issue. These are all factors properly considered by the trial court in determining that husband
had not met his burden of proof.
Husband, having filed the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, had the burden of proof
to establish that fact. “‘[T]he moving party bears the burden of proof.’” Stockdale v. Stockdale, 33
Va. App. 179, 184, 532 S.E.2d 332, 335 (2000) (quoting Bostick v. Bostick-Bennett, 23 Va. App.
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COURT OF APPEALS OF VIRGINIA
Present: Judges Elder, McClanahan and Senior Judge Fitzpatrick Argued at Salem, Virginia
FRED WILLIAM KINSER MEMORANDUM OPINION * BY v. Record No. 0043-07-3 JUDGE JOHANNA L. FITZPATRICK DECEMBER 27, 2007 PATRICIA ANN FLEMING GRIMM KINSER
FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF BUCHANAN COUNTY Nicholas E. Persin, Judge
James R. Henderson IV (T. Shea Cook; Henderson & Forster, PLLC; Cook & Neo, P.C., on briefs), for appellant.
Robert J. Breimann (Street Law Firm, LLP, on brief), for appellee.
Fred William Kinser, husband, appeals a decision of the trial court granting Patricia Ann
Fleming Grimm Kinser, wife, a divorce a vinculo matrimonii. On appeal, husband asserts the trial
court lacked subject matter jurisdiction to grant the divorce. Husband also contends the trial court
erred by awarding wife $2,500 in attorney’s fees. We affirm the trial court.
Background
The parties married on October 1, 1974. On March 11, 1981, wife filed a bill of complaint
seeking a divorce from husband. In her bill of complaint, she alleged she had been a resident and
domiciliary of Buchanan County for more than six months preceding the commencement of the
suit. On March 17, 1981, the trial court “after considering the evidence presented by the
complainant ore tenus . . . [and] argument of counsel” ordered husband to pay wife pendente lite
spousal and child support. Husband endorsed the order, “Seen and agreed.”
* Pursuant to Code § 17.1-413, this opinion is not designated for publication. No further action occurred in the case for several years, and pursuant to Code
§ 8.01-335(B) the case was removed from the active docket in 1988. On May 28, 2004, wife
filed a new bill of complaint seeking a divorce and an award for husband’s arrearage owed based
on the original pendente lite support payments established in the March 17, 1981 order. In June
2004, wife requested that she be allowed to establish the jurisdictional requirements for the
divorce and the amount of the arrearage using “Depositional Affidavits” for herself and her
witness. After consulting with husband and determining that he had no objection to the
procedure, the trial court granted wife’s request. In February 2005, wife noticed a hearing to
enter a final divorce decree and establish an arrearage amount. Husband moved inter alia to
consolidate the 1981 and 2004 proceedings, and the cases were consolidated on May 17, 2005.
He also moved to vacate the March 17, 1981 order for lack of jurisdiction.
On October 18, 2005, the trial court heard argument on several of husband’s motions,
including his jurisdictional claim. The trial court noted that husband had not raised any question
about the jurisdiction of the court in the twenty-four years since the entry of the 1981 order.
However, further discovery occurred concerning the basis for husband’s jurisdictional
objections. Wife issued numerous discovery requests to husband, attempting to obtain
information related to his jurisdictional challenge. Husband failed to produce any evidence to
establish he was a resident or domiciliary of a location other than Buchanan County. He
introduced a driver’s license, a voter’s card, and another document issued in October of 1980.
The court announced its intention to enter the divorce decree, including arrearage
amounts, relying upon the affidavits submitted by wife. Husband objected to the court’s use of
the affidavits, and the trial court ruled that husband had previously consented to the use of the
affidavits. The trial court also noted that husband could have cross-examined the affiants at any
time prior to the entry of the decree. In addition, the trial court observed that the two cases had
-2- been consolidated, the trial court had established jurisdiction in 1981, and husband had produced
no evidence disputing that the court had jurisdiction to hear the case. The trial court entered the
final decree, granting wife a divorce and establishing the support arrearage, and husband
appealed.
Analysis
“Subject matter jurisdiction is the authority granted to a court by constitution or by statute to
adjudicate a class of cases or controversies.” Earley v. Landsidle, 257 Va. 365, 371, 514 S.E.2d
153, 156 (1999). Subject matter jurisdiction for divorce rests with the circuit court. Code
§ 20-96. No suit is maintainable unless one of the parties is and has been a bona fide resident
and domiciliary for at least six months preceding the commencement of the suit. Code § 20-97.
Those requirements are jurisdictional. Rock v. Rock, 7 Va. App. 198, 201, 372 S.E.2d 211, 213
(1988).
“Generally, the party asserting that a judgment is void for lack of subject matter
jurisdiction has the burden of proving that fact.” Winston v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 746,
752, 497 S.E.2d 141, 144-45 (1998) (citations omitted).
The record clearly established that the trial court did not err when it denied husband’s
motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. 1 In her 1981 bill of complaint, wife
alleged she was and had been a resident and domiciliary of Buchanan County for more than six
months preceding the commencement of the suit. Code § 20-96 requires that only one of the
parties must meet the residency and domiciliary requirements in order to establish jurisdiction.
Thus, wife’s status was sufficient under the statute. Indeed, the written statement of facts states
that on March 17, 1981, the trial court heard evidence ore tenus and argument of counsel and
1 The parties relied on an agreed statement of facts and the orders accompanying it.
-3- found it had jurisdiction to hear the case. The trial court then entered the order awarding
pendente lite support and custody. Husband signed this order “Seen and agreed,” and he did not
suggest in 1981 that either he or wife were not residents or domiciliaries of Virginia. Thus, the
trial court’s jurisdiction to hear the case was established in 1981.
Upon husband’s motion, the 1981 and the 2004 cases were merged and consolidated and,
despite being given numerous opportunities to provide evidence related to the issue, husband
never introduced evidence tending to refute the fact that jurisdiction was established in 1981.
His submission of a copy of his driver’s license, a voter registration card, and another document
that were issued in October 1980 showing he was a resident of Buchanan County as of that date,
does not preclude a finding that he was a resident two months earlier. The trial court was not
required to find that this evidence outweighed evidence presented by wife or that it proved when
husband established a residence or domicile in Buchanan County. Furthermore, husband
provided incomplete and evasive answers to wife’s discovery requests related to the jurisdiction
issue. These are all factors properly considered by the trial court in determining that husband
had not met his burden of proof.
Husband, having filed the motion to dismiss for lack of jurisdiction, had the burden of proof
to establish that fact. “‘[T]he moving party bears the burden of proof.’” Stockdale v. Stockdale, 33
Va. App. 179, 184, 532 S.E.2d 332, 335 (2000) (quoting Bostick v. Bostick-Bennett, 23 Va. App.
527, 535, 478 S.E.2d 319, 323 (1996)). Because husband failed to prove the trial court lacked
jurisdiction to grant the requested relief, the trial court did not err by denying husband’s motion to
dismiss. 2
2 It appears the trial court incorrectly stated that husband was estopped from making his jurisdictional challenge. See Winston v. Commonwealth, 26 Va. App. 746, 752-53, 497 S.E.2d 141, 144-45 (1998) (right to object to subject matter jurisdiction cannot be lost by acquiescence or estoppel). However, the trial court allowed husband every opportunity to present evidence
-4- Husband also challenges the trial court’s use of the “Depositional Affidavits” of wife and
her witness to establish the requisite jurisdictional facts and the amount of the arrearage. This
contention is without merit. The trial court consulted with husband when wife requested leave of
court to present the jurisdictional evidence and husband raised no objections. “‘[A] [party],
having agreed upon the action taken by the trial court, should not be allowed to assume an
inconsistent position.’” Manns v. Commonwealth, 13 Va. App. 677, 679-80, 414 S.E.2d 613,
615 (1992) (quoting Clark v. Commonwealth, 220 Va. 201, 214, 257 S.E.2d 784, 792 (1979)).
Therefore, the trial court did not err in considering the affidavits.
Lastly, husband contends the trial court erred by awarding wife $2,500 in attorney’s fees.
Whether to award attorney’s fees is left to the sound discretion of the trial court. See,
e.g., Lightburn v. Lightburn, 22 Va. App. 612, 621, 472 S.E.2d 281, 285 (1996). The trial court
found husband’s conduct in the case was “unduly contentious and unnecessar[ily] litigious.”
Husband provided incomplete and evasive answers to wife’s discovery requests, and he never
produced any evidence directly addressing the issue he repeatedly raised. Despite numerous
attempts by the trial court to enter a final divorce decree, husband requested an additional
continuance in order to obtain a psychiatric evaluation. He then missed the court-established
deadline for filing any related report. Moreover, the amount awarded to wife was a portion of
related to the issue and stated that if husband presented such evidence, the trial court would consider it in its ruling. Therefore, even assuming the trial court erred by ruling that husband was estopped from challenging jurisdiction, the ruling was harmless error because the court considered his jurisdictional challenge on the merits. Non-constitutional error is harmless “[w]hen it plainly appears from the record and the evidence given at the trial that the parties have had a fair trial on the merits and substantial justice has been reached.” Code § 8.01-678.
-5- her actual costs and fees incurred in litigating the case. Accordingly, the trial court did not abuse
its discretion in awarding wife attorney’s fees.
For these reasons, we affirm the decision of the trial court.
Affirmed.
-6-