PER CURIAM:
Plaintiff Fred Milani appeals the district court’s grant of Defendants’ several motions to dismiss. No reversible error has been shown; we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs complaint included facts and allegations related to foreclosure proeeed-ings taken on Plaintiffs home, real property located at 3687 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, Georgia (“the property”). Plaintiffs complaint named several defendants, chiefly several large financial institutions: OneWest Bank, FSB; U.S. Bank National Assoc.; Deutsche Bank National Trust Co.; Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.; ABN Amro Bank, N.V.; Aurora Loan Services LLC; and certain fictitious parties (together, “the Defendants”).
Based on the facts in the complaint, Plaintiff raised claims for a declaratory judgment; an emergency temporary restraining order and injunction; wrongful foreclosure; fraud; and quiet title.
In 2005, Plaintiff refinanced some existing debt that was secured by his home by entering into a transaction with IndyMac Bank, FSB. As part of this transaction, Plaintiff signed an adjustable-rate note promising to pay certain monies and a “Security Deed” that granted Defendant Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (“MERS”) a “power of sale” on the property. Plaintiff has since failed to make one or more of the payments called for under the 2005 note, and Defendant OneWest Bank, FSB (“OneWest”) has begun foreclosure proceedings on the property.
Briefly stated, Plaintiffs complaint alleged that Defendant OneWest is incapable of properly foreclosing on the property because the Defendants “separated the pertinent note and security deed in the process of engaging in the “illegal scheme
of securitization of residential mortgages” — leaving the note unsecured and the security deed unenforceable — and because certain of the assignments of the pertinent security deed were fraudulent or “doctored.”
The district court granted Defendants’ several motions to dismiss, with prejudice.
The district court noted in particular that Plaintiff had failed to allege facts sufficient to support his argument that Defendant OneWest holds no valid security deed and power of sale; that the facts Plaintiff alleged contradicted his claims; that Plaintiff had failed to provide a factual or legal basis for his “separation” argument; and that allowing Plaintiff to amend his complaint would be futile.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a district court’s decision to grant a motion to set aside the entry of a default judgment for an abuse of discretion.
See Robinson v. United States,
734 F.2d 735, 739 (11th Cir.1984).
We review a district court’s dismissal of a case pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)
de novo. Catron v. City of St. Petersburg,
658 F.3d 1260, 1264 (11th Cir.2011). We review a district court’s refusal to grant leave to amend a complaint for abuse of discretion, but we review the legal conclusion that amendment would be futile
de novo. Harris v. Ivax Corp.,
182 F.3d 799, 802 (11th Cir.1999).
A “complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’”
Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (quoting
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly,
550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007)). To state a plausible claim for relief, Plaintiffs must go beyond merely pleading the “sheer possibility” of unlawful activity by a defendant and so must offer “factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.”
Id.
DISCUSSION
As the district court correctly noted, to pursue properly a declaratory judgment under Georgia law “a party must establish that [a declaratory judgment] is necessary to relieve himself of the risk of taking some future action that, without direction, would jeopardize his interests.”
Porter v. Houghton,
273 Ga. 407, 542 S.E.2d 491, 492 (2001). No uncertainty exists about any future action by Plaintiff in this case; Plaintiff has already defaulted on the pertinent note. On the facts of this case, a declaratory judgment is unavailable because all material rights have accrued based on past events and what Plaintiff seeks is an advisory opinion on the validity of the future act of another party.
See Logan Paving Co. v. Peoples Bank & Trust,
196 Ga.App. 42, 395 S.E.2d 287, 288 (1990).
“In Georgia, a plaintiff asserting a claim of wrongful foreclosure must establish a legal duty owed to it by the foreclos
ing party, a breach of that duty, a causal connection between the breach of that duty and the injury it sustained, and damages." Gregorakos v. Wells Fargo Nat'l Ass'n, 285 Ga.App. 744, 647 S.E.2d 289, 292 (2007) (quotation omitted).
No Georgia law operates to defeat the use of the pertinent security deed in a foreclosure proceeding. Under Georgia law, a security deed which includes a power of sale is a contract that controls "the rights of the parties thereto and their privies." Gordon v. S. Cent. Farm Credit, ACA, 213 Ga.App. 816, 446 S.E.2d 514, 515 (1994) (quotation omitted). The assignment of the pertinent security deed diminished none of the instrument's powers. See Ga.Code Ann. 44-14-64(b); Ga.Code Ann. 23-2-114.
The factual allegations in Plaintiff's complaint establish that Plaintiff has defaulted on the pertinent loan obligation; that the pertinent security deed-signed by Plaintiff-was assigned from Defendant MERS to IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB to Defendant OneWest; and that OneWest is now initiating foreclosure proceedings on the property. On the facts presented, Plaintiff's complaint does not contain sufficient factual matter-accepted as true-to state a wrongful foreclosure claim that is plausible on its face.
The failure of Plaintiff's complaint to state sufficiently a claim for wrongful foreclosure impacts on Plaintiff's quiet title claim. A plaintiff pursuing a quiet title action in Georgia "must assert that he holds some current record title or current prescriptive title, in order to maintain his suit." Smith v. Georgia Kaolin Co., Inc., 269 Ga.
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PER CURIAM:
Plaintiff Fred Milani appeals the district court’s grant of Defendants’ several motions to dismiss. No reversible error has been shown; we affirm.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs complaint included facts and allegations related to foreclosure proeeed-ings taken on Plaintiffs home, real property located at 3687 Briarcliff Road, Atlanta, Georgia (“the property”). Plaintiffs complaint named several defendants, chiefly several large financial institutions: OneWest Bank, FSB; U.S. Bank National Assoc.; Deutsche Bank National Trust Co.; Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc.; ABN Amro Bank, N.V.; Aurora Loan Services LLC; and certain fictitious parties (together, “the Defendants”).
Based on the facts in the complaint, Plaintiff raised claims for a declaratory judgment; an emergency temporary restraining order and injunction; wrongful foreclosure; fraud; and quiet title.
In 2005, Plaintiff refinanced some existing debt that was secured by his home by entering into a transaction with IndyMac Bank, FSB. As part of this transaction, Plaintiff signed an adjustable-rate note promising to pay certain monies and a “Security Deed” that granted Defendant Mortgage Electronic Registration Systems, Inc. (“MERS”) a “power of sale” on the property. Plaintiff has since failed to make one or more of the payments called for under the 2005 note, and Defendant OneWest Bank, FSB (“OneWest”) has begun foreclosure proceedings on the property.
Briefly stated, Plaintiffs complaint alleged that Defendant OneWest is incapable of properly foreclosing on the property because the Defendants “separated the pertinent note and security deed in the process of engaging in the “illegal scheme
of securitization of residential mortgages” — leaving the note unsecured and the security deed unenforceable — and because certain of the assignments of the pertinent security deed were fraudulent or “doctored.”
The district court granted Defendants’ several motions to dismiss, with prejudice.
The district court noted in particular that Plaintiff had failed to allege facts sufficient to support his argument that Defendant OneWest holds no valid security deed and power of sale; that the facts Plaintiff alleged contradicted his claims; that Plaintiff had failed to provide a factual or legal basis for his “separation” argument; and that allowing Plaintiff to amend his complaint would be futile.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
We review a district court’s decision to grant a motion to set aside the entry of a default judgment for an abuse of discretion.
See Robinson v. United States,
734 F.2d 735, 739 (11th Cir.1984).
We review a district court’s dismissal of a case pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)
de novo. Catron v. City of St. Petersburg,
658 F.3d 1260, 1264 (11th Cir.2011). We review a district court’s refusal to grant leave to amend a complaint for abuse of discretion, but we review the legal conclusion that amendment would be futile
de novo. Harris v. Ivax Corp.,
182 F.3d 799, 802 (11th Cir.1999).
A “complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’”
Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009) (quoting
Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly,
550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1974, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007)). To state a plausible claim for relief, Plaintiffs must go beyond merely pleading the “sheer possibility” of unlawful activity by a defendant and so must offer “factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.”
Id.
DISCUSSION
As the district court correctly noted, to pursue properly a declaratory judgment under Georgia law “a party must establish that [a declaratory judgment] is necessary to relieve himself of the risk of taking some future action that, without direction, would jeopardize his interests.”
Porter v. Houghton,
273 Ga. 407, 542 S.E.2d 491, 492 (2001). No uncertainty exists about any future action by Plaintiff in this case; Plaintiff has already defaulted on the pertinent note. On the facts of this case, a declaratory judgment is unavailable because all material rights have accrued based on past events and what Plaintiff seeks is an advisory opinion on the validity of the future act of another party.
See Logan Paving Co. v. Peoples Bank & Trust,
196 Ga.App. 42, 395 S.E.2d 287, 288 (1990).
“In Georgia, a plaintiff asserting a claim of wrongful foreclosure must establish a legal duty owed to it by the foreclos
ing party, a breach of that duty, a causal connection between the breach of that duty and the injury it sustained, and damages." Gregorakos v. Wells Fargo Nat'l Ass'n, 285 Ga.App. 744, 647 S.E.2d 289, 292 (2007) (quotation omitted).
No Georgia law operates to defeat the use of the pertinent security deed in a foreclosure proceeding. Under Georgia law, a security deed which includes a power of sale is a contract that controls "the rights of the parties thereto and their privies." Gordon v. S. Cent. Farm Credit, ACA, 213 Ga.App. 816, 446 S.E.2d 514, 515 (1994) (quotation omitted). The assignment of the pertinent security deed diminished none of the instrument's powers. See Ga.Code Ann. 44-14-64(b); Ga.Code Ann. 23-2-114.
The factual allegations in Plaintiff's complaint establish that Plaintiff has defaulted on the pertinent loan obligation; that the pertinent security deed-signed by Plaintiff-was assigned from Defendant MERS to IndyMac Federal Bank, FSB to Defendant OneWest; and that OneWest is now initiating foreclosure proceedings on the property. On the facts presented, Plaintiff's complaint does not contain sufficient factual matter-accepted as true-to state a wrongful foreclosure claim that is plausible on its face.
The failure of Plaintiff's complaint to state sufficiently a claim for wrongful foreclosure impacts on Plaintiff's quiet title claim. A plaintiff pursuing a quiet title action in Georgia "must assert that he holds some current record title or current prescriptive title, in order to maintain his suit." Smith v. Georgia Kaolin Co., Inc., 269 Ga. 475, 498 S.E.2d 266, 267-68 (1998) (emphasis omitted) (quotation omitted). Plaintiff's complaint states that he signed over legal title to the property when he signed the pertinent security deed; his claim of title is premised on OneWest's title having a fatal defect. Absent a properly-supported claim that OneWest's title has some fatal defect preventing proper foreclosure, Plaintiff's complaint does not contain sufficient factual matter-even when accepted as true-to state a quiet title claim that is plausible on its face.
In Georgia, "[t]he tort of fraud has five elements: a false representation by a defendant, scienter, intention to induce the plaintiff to act or refrain from acting, justifiable reliance by the plaintiff, and damage to the plaintiff." Baxter v. Fairfield Fin. Servs., Inc., 307 Ga.App. 286, 704 S.E.2d 423, 429 (2010) (quoting Serchion v. Capstone Partners, Inc., 298 Ga.App. 73, 679 S.E.2d 40, 43 (2009)). Concealment of material information can support a fraud claim, but a party can only be held liable under such a theory if the party has a duty to disclose or communicate the material information. See Id.
Plaintiff has failed to identity with particularity a materially false representation made by Defendants, or any valid ground upon which the Defendants could be held liable for concealing material information. Absent the proper identification of a false representation made by Defendants, Plaintiff's complaint does not contain sufficient factual matter-accepted as true-to state a fraud claim that is plausible on its face.
On the facts, it was no error for the district court to deny Plaintiff leave to
amend his complaint; any amendment would be futile. Also, the district court acted within its proper discretion in setting aside U.S. Bank’s default.
AFFIRMED.