Franklin v. Callum

804 A.2d 444, 148 N.H. 199, 2002 N.H. LEXIS 111
CourtSupreme Court of New Hampshire
DecidedAugust 14, 2002
DocketNo. 99-294
StatusPublished

This text of 804 A.2d 444 (Franklin v. Callum) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Supreme Court of New Hampshire primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Franklin v. Callum, 804 A.2d 444, 148 N.H. 199, 2002 N.H. LEXIS 111 (N.H. 2002).

Opinion

DUGGAN, J.

The petitioner, Peter Franklin, appeals an order of the Superior Court {Morrill, J.) denying his petition seeking access to bills incurred for legal work performed on behalf of the NH/VT Solid Waste Project (Project). We vacate and remand.

The Project is the joint undertaking of two regional refuse disposal districts, one in New Hampshire and one in Vermont, and is governed by an agreement entered into by the two districts pursuant to the Interstate Solid Waste Compact. RSA ch. 53-D (1991); Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 10, ch. 46 (1998). The respondent, Denise Callum, is the director of the Project. The [200]*200petitioner serves as a representative to the New Hampshire District and as a member of the Project’s Joint Meeting.

The Project’s New Hampshire District is also known as the Sullivan County Regional Refuse Disposal District and was created by fifteen municipalities. Under the statute enabling municipalities to create regional refuse disposal districts, the New Hampshire District is recognized as “a body politic and corporate,” RSA 53-B:7 (1991) (amended 1994,1996), and accordingly has the powers of, and operates like, a municipality. Upon forming the New Hampshire District, the participating municipalities agreed that “[t]he powers, duties and liabilities of this regional refuse disposal district shall be vested in and exercised by a Regional District Committee.” See also RSA 53-B:8 (1991) (amended 1994).

The Town of Newport, one of the municipalities in the New Hampshire District, appointed the petitioner as one of its two representatives to the district committee. In all, the district committee is made up of seventeen representatives, appointed from the fifteen municipalities for three-year terms. At its annual meeting, the district committee elects from the seventeen representatives a chair and vice chair, each of whom holds office for one year. The petitioner does not serve as the chair or vice chair. The Vermont District is similarly constituted pursuant to Vermont law. See Vt. Stat. Ann. Tit. 24, ch. 121 (1992 & Supp. 2001).

When the New Hampshire District and the Vermont District entered into the agreement for the Project, the Interstate Solid Waste Compact required the agreement to include a “[pjrovision for a joint board and/or administrator, responsible for administering the cooperative undertaking and the powers to be exercised thereby.” RSA 53-D:l, art. II, E (1991). Under the agreement for the Project, “[ajll cooperative action necessary to carry out the purposes of [the] Agreement shall be authorized by a vote of the Joint Meeting and implemented by the Executive Committee in accordance with such vote.” The seventeen representatives of the New Hampshire District and their counterparts from the Vermont District make up the joint meeting. The executive committee consists of the chair and vice chair from each district committee, and three members elected annually by each district committee. The petitioner does not serve on the executive committee.

In 1998, the petitioner requested that the Project director provide him with copies of all bills for legal services performed that year for the Project. In response to his request, the director and executive committee produced copies of the bills for legal services with details regarding the nature of the work, the attorney who performed the work, as well as the time, the date and the charge for the legal work. Material that the director and executive committee believed was protected by the attorney-client [201]*201privilege, however, was redacted. After reviewing the legal bills, the trial court ruled that “only confidential material was redacted,” and the petitioner was not entitled to review that material because he was not the “client.” Instead, the trial court found that “the Project is a separate legal entity entitled to legal representation,” and therefore the Project is the “client” for purposes of determining attorney-client privilege. The trial court accordingly concluded that the Project, through the executive committee and the joint meeting, have the “final say” to “determine how and under what circumstances” to offer the petitioner access to the legal bills.

On appeal, the petitioner argues that the superior court erred when it concluded that he was not a client of the attorneys providing legal services to the Project. He contends that as a member of the governing body for the New Hampshire District, one of the entities that entered into the Project’s agreement, he is a client of the attorneys performing work for the entities under the Project, and therefore he is entitled to unfettered access to the legal bills incurred on behalf of the entities under the Project.

To determine whether the petitioner is a client of the attorneys who provide services to the Project, we must first examine the nature of the Project. The Project was established when two governmental units, the New Hampshire District and the Vermont District, entered into an agreement “to develop a resource recovery facility, a sanitary landfill, and those related services needed for the efficient operation thereof, to serve the towns and cities which are members of the [New Hampshire] District and the [Vermont] District.” See RSA 53-D:1, art. 11(A). The Interstate Solid Waste Compact authorizes the districts to enter into a cooperative agreement, but does not authorize the districts to establish a separate legal entity. Compare RSA 53-D:1, art. II with RSA 53-B:7 and RSA 195:6 (1999). To govern the districts’ cooperative undertakings, the statute requires the agreement to “[p]rovi[de] for an administrator or a joint board responsible for administering the joint or cooperative undertaking.” RSA 53-A:3, 111(a) (1991) (amended 1993, 1994). When two or more entities enter into a cooperative agreement that does not establish a separate legal entity, the organization of the entities under the agreement becomes an unincorporated association. See G. WEBSTER, THE Law OF ASSOCIATIONS § 2.04 (2000) (defining unincorporated association as group acting together for common purpose without corporate charter, but pursuant to agreement and rules governing organization); Shortlidge v. Gutoski, 125 N.H. 510, 513-14 (1984). Thus, we must determine who the client is when the Project, as an unincorporated association, retains an attorney.

[202]*202The respondent argues that the Project possesses sufficient independent status to be recognized as the client and, therefore, an attorney retained to represent the Project, represents the Project as distinct from its members. The respondent further argues that in view of the Project’s independent status, only the joint meeting or the executive committee can act for the Project to execute the attorney-client relationship.

Generally, an attorney “retained to represent an organization represents the organization as distinct from its directors, officers, employees, members, shareholders or other constituents.” N.H. R. PROF. CONDUCT 1.13(a); see also McCabe v. Arcidy, 138 N.H. 20, 26 (1993) (attorney’s representation of corporation did not create attorney-client relationship with shareholder of corporation). When an unincorporated association has operations, employees and continuing existence separate from its members, it is recognized “as an organization capable of being represented separately from its members.” City of Kalamazoo v. Michigan Disposal Serv. Corp., 125 F.

Related

United States v. American Radiator & Standard Sanitary Corp.
278 F. Supp. 608 (W.D. Pennsylvania, 1967)
Greate Bay Hotel v. Atlantic City
624 A.2d 102 (New Jersey Superior Court App Division, 1993)
City of Kalamazoo v. Michigan Disposal Service Corp.
125 F. Supp. 2d 219 (W.D. Michigan, 2000)
Shortlidge v. Gutoski
484 A.2d 1083 (Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 1984)
McCabe v. Arcidy
635 A.2d 446 (Supreme Court of New Hampshire, 1993)

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Bluebook (online)
804 A.2d 444, 148 N.H. 199, 2002 N.H. LEXIS 111, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/franklin-v-callum-nh-2002.