NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3017-17T2
FRANK S. PROSCIA, II,
Petitioner-Respondent,
v.
ADVANCED BIOTECH,
Respondent-Appellant.
Submitted January 24, 2019 – Decided April 26, 2019
Before Judges Alvarez and Mawla.
On appeal from the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Division of Workers' Compensation, Claim Petition No. 2015-029305.
The Chartwell Law Offices, LLP, attorneys for appellant (Brittany Atkinson, on the brief).
Green, Jasieniecki & Riordan, LLC, attorneys for respondent (John J. Jasieniecki, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM Respondent Advanced Biotech (AB), petitioner Frank S. Proscia's former
employer, appeals a February 21, 2018 workers' compensation award of
temporary disability benefits. We now affirm.
Petitioner worked at AB's site in Paterson, from the time he began his
employment in 2005, until 2012, when the facilities were relocated to a new
location. AB is a chemical company that manufactures and sells raw natural
flavor ingredients. According to the testimony of both experts, the list of over
1000 chemicals to which petitioner was exposed while working for AB includes
several suspected carcinogens.
During the course of his employment, petitioner dealt with occasional
flooding in the Paterson building, requiring him to wear waders to walk through
the space in order to secure manufacturing materials, including drums filled with
chemicals. As a working manager, he examined and sampled many containers
as they arrived, and oversaw the "pouring" of those chemicals by others.
Petitioner's desk at the Paterson site was some fifteen feet away from the sealed-
off storage room where the drums of chemicals were stored.
Petitioner also addressed multiple spills of hazardous chemicals over the
years, and at times, the chemicals would adhere to his skin and clothing. The
evening after a spill of acetic acid in February 2011, petitioner was hospitalized
A-3017-17T2 2 because of breathing difficulties. Petitioner worked at AB until October 2013.
He was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in or about March 2015.
Petitioner's medical expert was qualified in the field of environmental and
occupational health medicine. Based on her review of petitioner's entire medical
history, and medical conditions, she testified that the harmful chemical exposure
at his place of work was a material factor contributing to his cancer, and that the
exposure had aggravated, exacerbated, and accelerated the disease. She
testified:
[petitioner] was exposed to multiple chemicals, a number of which are known to be carcinogenic.
One of the most important ones that's known to be carcinogenic is Acetaldehyde. That is known to be an IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer designated Class 1 carcinogen. That is the highest level of rating that you can have for a carcinogen. It's as bad as something like asbestos in causing cancer.
....
In addition to those known cancer-causing chemicals, he was also exposed to other hazardous toxic chemicals. For example, Diacetyl. That's known to be damaging to the lung, so he had a lot of chemical exposures that are known to be toxic to humans.
She also testified that some eleven to fifteen percent of colorectal cancers are
attributed to workplace chemical exposure, and as established by DNA testing,
A-3017-17T2 3 petitioner's body could not detoxify. We quote portions of her report in the
relevant section of the opinion.
Further, petitioner's expert categorized his cancer as stage three or four,
unequivocally stated he could not return to work, and concluded he needed
further treatment and evaluation on an ongoing basis. Petitioner was only forty-
two, while ninety percent of colon cancers occur in persons fifty years of age or
older. He had no history of alcohol abuse, smoking, or a family history of
cancer. Although the expert could not say there was a direct causal relationship
between the cancer or petitioner's daily contact with hazardous chemicals at
work, her opinion to a medical certainty was that the exposure was likely a
material contributing factor.
AB's medical expert, an oncology doctor, disagreed that Acetaldehyde
caused cancer, since he found no studies that showed a direct connection. He
conceded that it was a known contributor to cancer. Having reviewed the list of
chemicals to which petitioner was exposed over the years, AB's expert agreed
that at least some "would be considered carcinogenic." He disagreed that
petitioner could not return to work, as his cancer was stable and only had a
likelihood of recurrence of fifteen percent.
In his decision, rendered from the bench, the judge stated:
A-3017-17T2 4 [I]f in the course of [petitioner's] work he is exposed to something that more probable than not causes him harm, he's entitled to have that harm covered, and there's a recognition implicit in that that we are not going to come forward with any certitude, but this man has colorectal cancer. There's no question about that.
There is in his history presented no alternative cause. There is the certitude that he was exposed to a great deal of chemicals that could have harmful effects including causing cancer. That to me is sufficient for . . . a finding that it is more probable than not that his exposure on this job caused the cancer he presently experiences, and I so find.
The respondent is responsible for treatment going forward.
AB on appeal raises the following points:
POINT I
The finding of causal relationship is not based on sufficient credible evidence.
POINT II
Regardless of the compensability of this claim, the [j]udge's finding of entitlement to temporary disability benefits was in error.
POINT III
[AB] was unfairly prejudiced as the [c]ourt did not afford due process.
A-3017-17T2 5 We consider AB's third point to be so lacking in merit as to not warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
I.
Appellate review of a workers' compensation judge's decision is limited
to whether the conclusion "could reasonably have been reached on sufficient
credible evidence present in the whole record[.]" Hodgdon v. Project Packaging,
Inc., 214 N.J. Super. 352, 360 (App. Div. 1986) (citing DeAngelo v. Alsan
Masons, Inc., 122 N.J. Super. 88, 89-90 (App. Div. 1973). We give "due regard"
to the compensation court's specialized expertise, as well as its ability to judge
witness credibility. Close v. Kordulak Bros., 44 N.J. 589, 599 (1965).
Under the New Jersey Workers' Compensation Act (the Act), an employee
may recover from an injury "arising out of and in the course of his
employment[.]" N.J.S.A. 34:15-1. The "arising out of" portion refers to
causation, while "course of employment" refers to "the time, place, and
circumstances of the accident in relation to the employment." Valdez v. Tri-
State Furniture, 374 N.J. Super. 223, 232 (App. Div. 2005) (citing Coleman v.
Cycle Transformer Corp., 105 N.J. 285, 288 (1986).
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court ." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-3017-17T2
FRANK S. PROSCIA, II,
Petitioner-Respondent,
v.
ADVANCED BIOTECH,
Respondent-Appellant.
Submitted January 24, 2019 – Decided April 26, 2019
Before Judges Alvarez and Mawla.
On appeal from the New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, Division of Workers' Compensation, Claim Petition No. 2015-029305.
The Chartwell Law Offices, LLP, attorneys for appellant (Brittany Atkinson, on the brief).
Green, Jasieniecki & Riordan, LLC, attorneys for respondent (John J. Jasieniecki, of counsel and on the brief).
PER CURIAM Respondent Advanced Biotech (AB), petitioner Frank S. Proscia's former
employer, appeals a February 21, 2018 workers' compensation award of
temporary disability benefits. We now affirm.
Petitioner worked at AB's site in Paterson, from the time he began his
employment in 2005, until 2012, when the facilities were relocated to a new
location. AB is a chemical company that manufactures and sells raw natural
flavor ingredients. According to the testimony of both experts, the list of over
1000 chemicals to which petitioner was exposed while working for AB includes
several suspected carcinogens.
During the course of his employment, petitioner dealt with occasional
flooding in the Paterson building, requiring him to wear waders to walk through
the space in order to secure manufacturing materials, including drums filled with
chemicals. As a working manager, he examined and sampled many containers
as they arrived, and oversaw the "pouring" of those chemicals by others.
Petitioner's desk at the Paterson site was some fifteen feet away from the sealed-
off storage room where the drums of chemicals were stored.
Petitioner also addressed multiple spills of hazardous chemicals over the
years, and at times, the chemicals would adhere to his skin and clothing. The
evening after a spill of acetic acid in February 2011, petitioner was hospitalized
A-3017-17T2 2 because of breathing difficulties. Petitioner worked at AB until October 2013.
He was diagnosed with colorectal cancer in or about March 2015.
Petitioner's medical expert was qualified in the field of environmental and
occupational health medicine. Based on her review of petitioner's entire medical
history, and medical conditions, she testified that the harmful chemical exposure
at his place of work was a material factor contributing to his cancer, and that the
exposure had aggravated, exacerbated, and accelerated the disease. She
testified:
[petitioner] was exposed to multiple chemicals, a number of which are known to be carcinogenic.
One of the most important ones that's known to be carcinogenic is Acetaldehyde. That is known to be an IARC, International Agency for Research on Cancer designated Class 1 carcinogen. That is the highest level of rating that you can have for a carcinogen. It's as bad as something like asbestos in causing cancer.
....
In addition to those known cancer-causing chemicals, he was also exposed to other hazardous toxic chemicals. For example, Diacetyl. That's known to be damaging to the lung, so he had a lot of chemical exposures that are known to be toxic to humans.
She also testified that some eleven to fifteen percent of colorectal cancers are
attributed to workplace chemical exposure, and as established by DNA testing,
A-3017-17T2 3 petitioner's body could not detoxify. We quote portions of her report in the
relevant section of the opinion.
Further, petitioner's expert categorized his cancer as stage three or four,
unequivocally stated he could not return to work, and concluded he needed
further treatment and evaluation on an ongoing basis. Petitioner was only forty-
two, while ninety percent of colon cancers occur in persons fifty years of age or
older. He had no history of alcohol abuse, smoking, or a family history of
cancer. Although the expert could not say there was a direct causal relationship
between the cancer or petitioner's daily contact with hazardous chemicals at
work, her opinion to a medical certainty was that the exposure was likely a
material contributing factor.
AB's medical expert, an oncology doctor, disagreed that Acetaldehyde
caused cancer, since he found no studies that showed a direct connection. He
conceded that it was a known contributor to cancer. Having reviewed the list of
chemicals to which petitioner was exposed over the years, AB's expert agreed
that at least some "would be considered carcinogenic." He disagreed that
petitioner could not return to work, as his cancer was stable and only had a
likelihood of recurrence of fifteen percent.
In his decision, rendered from the bench, the judge stated:
A-3017-17T2 4 [I]f in the course of [petitioner's] work he is exposed to something that more probable than not causes him harm, he's entitled to have that harm covered, and there's a recognition implicit in that that we are not going to come forward with any certitude, but this man has colorectal cancer. There's no question about that.
There is in his history presented no alternative cause. There is the certitude that he was exposed to a great deal of chemicals that could have harmful effects including causing cancer. That to me is sufficient for . . . a finding that it is more probable than not that his exposure on this job caused the cancer he presently experiences, and I so find.
The respondent is responsible for treatment going forward.
AB on appeal raises the following points:
POINT I
The finding of causal relationship is not based on sufficient credible evidence.
POINT II
Regardless of the compensability of this claim, the [j]udge's finding of entitlement to temporary disability benefits was in error.
POINT III
[AB] was unfairly prejudiced as the [c]ourt did not afford due process.
A-3017-17T2 5 We consider AB's third point to be so lacking in merit as to not warrant
discussion in a written opinion. R. 2:11-3(e)(1)(E).
I.
Appellate review of a workers' compensation judge's decision is limited
to whether the conclusion "could reasonably have been reached on sufficient
credible evidence present in the whole record[.]" Hodgdon v. Project Packaging,
Inc., 214 N.J. Super. 352, 360 (App. Div. 1986) (citing DeAngelo v. Alsan
Masons, Inc., 122 N.J. Super. 88, 89-90 (App. Div. 1973). We give "due regard"
to the compensation court's specialized expertise, as well as its ability to judge
witness credibility. Close v. Kordulak Bros., 44 N.J. 589, 599 (1965).
Under the New Jersey Workers' Compensation Act (the Act), an employee
may recover from an injury "arising out of and in the course of his
employment[.]" N.J.S.A. 34:15-1. The "arising out of" portion refers to
causation, while "course of employment" refers to "the time, place, and
circumstances of the accident in relation to the employment." Valdez v. Tri-
State Furniture, 374 N.J. Super. 223, 232 (App. Div. 2005) (citing Coleman v.
Cycle Transformer Corp., 105 N.J. 285, 288 (1986). Thus, compensability relies
on a causal connection between the employment and the injury. Id. at 235 (citing
Coleman, 105 N.J. at 290). The controlling test requires the factfinder to
A-3017-17T2 6 determine "whether it is more probably true than not that the injury would have
occurred during the time and place of employment rather than elsewhere." Id.
at 236 (quoting Coleman, 105 N.J. at 290-91).
Pursuant to N.J.S.A. 34:15-31, an employee may also recover for diseases
arising out of and in the course of employment, "which are due in a material
degree to causes and conditions which are or were characteristic of or peculiar
to a particular trade, occupation, process or place of employment." In order to
establish an occupational disease, an employee typically must prove both legal
and medical causation. Lindquist v. City of Jersey City Fire Dep't, 175 N.J. 244,
259 (2003). A worker must prove that "the exposure to a risk or danger in the
workplace was in fact a contributing cause of the injury." Ibid.
Further, "[d]irect causation is not required; proof establishing that the
exposure caused the activation, acceleration or exacerbation of disabling
symptoms is sufficient." Ibid. If the employee proffers a medical expert to
prove causation, the scientific theory will be considered sufficiently reliable "if
it is based on a sound, adequately-founded scientific methodology involving
data and information of the type reasonably relied on by experts in the scientific
field." Id. at 262 (quoting Rubanick v. Witco Chem. Corp., 125 N.J. 421, 449
(1991)). Finally, the employee must demonstrate by a preponderance of the
A-3017-17T2 7 evidence that workplace environmental exposure was "a substantial contributing
cause of . . . [the] occupational disease." Id. at 263.
With regard to temporary disability benefits, an employee who suffers a
work-related injury may recover under the Act until "the employee is able to
resume work and continue permanently thereat or until he [or she] is as far
restored as the permanent character of the injuries will permit, whichever
happens first." Cunningham v. Atl. States Cast Iron Pipe Co., 386 N.J. Super.
423, 427-28 (App. Div. 2006) (alteration in original) (internal quotations
omitted) (quoting Monaco v. Albert Maund, Inc., 17 N.J. Super. 425, 431 (App.
Div. 1952)); N.J.S.A. 34:15-38.
II.
We are satisfied that sufficient credible evidence supports the judge's
decision. Compensability requires a causal connection between employment
and injury. Valdez, 374 N.J. Super. at 235 (citing Coleman, 105 N.J. at 290);
see also N.J.S.A. 34:15-1. The judge found, based on petitioner's expert's
testimony, that it was more probably true than not that the injury occurred as a
result of petitioner's daily contacts with hundreds of hazardous chemicals over
the course of years at his place of employment. Thus, the judge reasonably
concluded petitioner established by a preponderance of the evidence that his
A-3017-17T2 8 workplace environmental exposure was "a substantial contributing cause of . . .
[the] occupational disease." Lindquist, 175 N.J. at 263. Contrary to AB's
arguments, a petitioner need not prove direct causation. See id. at 259. "[P]roof
establishing that the exposure caused the activation, acceleration or exacerbation
of disabling symptoms is sufficient." Ibid.
AB's expert acknowledged some of the chemicals on the lengthy list of
items to which petitioner was exposed over the years were known to be
hazardous and carcinogenic. The workers' compensation judge was in the best
position to evaluate the medical experts' testimony. See id. at 260-61. He could,
at his option, decide to give petitioner's expert testimony greater weight than the
expert who testified on behalf of AB.
III.
AB also challenges the award of temporary disability benefits. We are
satisfied that given petitioner's stage of cancer, the physical consequences of the
disease and the treatment, and the possibility that it has metastasized, fully
support the judge's conclusion. It too was also based on sufficient credible
evidence in the record.
Petitioner faces significant physical struggles post-chemotherapy. As his
expert said in her report, he is simply unable to return to work at this time:
A-3017-17T2 9 [Petitioner's] colorectal cancer disease has unfortunately progressed with a worsening prognosis although further treatment options may be available to him through his specialist providers. As such, he has not yet achieved maximum medical improvement, and further ongoing medical treatment for colorectal cancer remains a medical necessity for [petitioner].
The severity of his colorectal cancer condition (Stage IV) preclude[s] [petitioner] from return[ing] to work at the present time. Given the relatively poor prognosis associated with his severe disease, the likelihood that he will recover from his condition to the extent that he will be able to return to work in any capacity in the foreseeable future is low. As such he is deemed as permanently and totally disabled from the time of his colorectal cancer diagnosis to the present time, and going forward.
The judge could, at his option, reasonably rely on the medical report. See
Lindquist, 175 N.J. at 260-61. It was "based on a sound, adequately-founded
scientific methodology involving data and information of the type reasonably
relied on by experts in the scientific field." Id. at 262 (quoting Rubanick, 125
N.J. at 449). Under the Cunningham standard, petitioner has established by a
preponderance of the evidence that his current condition prevents him from
returning to work. See 386 N.J. Super. at 427-28. The judge's decision to grant
temporary benefits from the date the motion was filed was not error.
Affirmed.
A-3017-17T2 10