Fox v. F & J Gattozzi Corp.

672 N.E.2d 547, 41 Mass. App. Ct. 581
CourtMassachusetts Appeals Court
DecidedNovember 14, 1996
DocketNo. 94-P-1243
StatusPublished
Cited by89 cases

This text of 672 N.E.2d 547 (Fox v. F & J Gattozzi Corp.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Massachusetts Appeals Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Fox v. F & J Gattozzi Corp., 672 N.E.2d 547, 41 Mass. App. Ct. 581 (Mass. Ct. App. 1996).

Opinion

Smith, J.

The plaintiffs, Robert L. Fox and William S. An-tonucci, brought a complaint in the Superior Court against the defendant, F & J Gattozzi Corporation (F & J), alleging a breach of an oral contract, negligent misrepresentation, and unjust enrichment.2 The action arose out of a dispute as to whether the plaintiffs were entitled to retirement benefits under the terms of an alleged oral contract. The three claims were submitted to the jury on nine special questions. The jury responded with answers in favor of the plaintiffs on all three of their claims.

The defendant filed a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, Mass.R.Civ.P. 50(b), 365 Mass. 814 (1974), and a motion for a new trial, Mass.R.Civ.P. 59, 365 Mass. 827 (1974). The trial judge granted the defendant’s motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the negligent misrepresentation and unjust enrichment claims but denied the defendant’s motion on the breach of contract claim. The judge also modified the damage award and denied the defendant’s motion for a new trial. A judgment was entered for the plaintiffs on the breach of contract claim; the judgment dismissed the remaining claims.

The plaintiffs appeal from that portion of the judgment dismissing the negligent misrepresentation and unjust enrichment claims. The defendant appeals from that portion of the judge’s order denying its motion for a judgment notwithstanding the verdict on the breach of contract claim and also from the denial of its motion for a new trial. The defendant claims that the trial judge (1) erred in instructing the jury on the Statute of Frauds, (2) erred in denying the defendant’s motion for a directed verdict because the Statute of Frauds bars enforcement of the agreement and because there was insufficient evidence of successor corporate liability, and (3) erred in allowing in evidence certain answers to interrogatories.

I. Plaintiffs’ claims on appeal.

The plaintiffs raise both procedural and substantive grounds [583]*583in challenging the judge’s allowance of the defendant’s motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdicts on the plaintiffs’ claims for negligent misrepresentation and unjust enrichment.

A. Procedural grounds. At the close of the plaintiffs’ case, the defendant moved for a directed verdict specifying two grounds: that the alleged agreement was barred by the Statute of Frauds and that the defendant was not responsible under successor corporate liability theories of law. The motion was denied. The motion was renewed at the close of all the evidence and was again denied.

In its motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict, the defendant again raised its theory that it was not hable as a successor corporation and also included, for the first time, claims that the evidence was insufficient to support the verdicts for negligent misrepresentation and unjust enrichment. On appeal, the plaintiffs argue that the judge committed error when he granted the defendant’s motion on the plaintiffs’ negligent misrepresentation and unjust enrichment claims because the grounds set forth by the defendant to justify granting the motion were not raised in its motion for a directed verdict. The defendant responds that the plaintiffs waived their right on appeal to challenge the grounds of the motion because they failed to object properly below. We agree with the defendant.

The general rule is that “no grounds for the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict may be raised which were not asserted in the directed verdict motion.” Bonofiglio v. Commercial Union Ins. Co., 411 Mass. 31, 34 (1991). However, if the nonmoving party fails to object to the judge’s consideration of new grounds in deciding whether to grant the motion, then the nonmoving party is said to have waived the right to object on appeal. Southern Mass. Broadcasters, Inc. v. Duchaine, 26 Mass. App. Ct. 497, 501 (1988) (where a nonmoving party “failed to object on grounds of lack of specificity, or on any other grounds, to the judge’s consideration of the [newly raised] issue on the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict . . . [and the nonmoving party was not] prejudiced in any way by the judge’s consideration of that issue on the motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict as [the nonmoving party] had the opportunity to submit a brief and argue it fully before the trial court .... [584]*584[t]he right to raise the procedural point on appeal was waived”). See also Soares v. Lakeville Baseball Camp, Inc., 369 Mass. 974, 975 (1976). Here, because there was no objection below, the plaintiffs waived the opportunity to raise the procedural issue on appeal.

B. Sufficiency of the evidence. The standard for reviewing whether a judge properly granted a motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict based on the sufficiency of the evidence or lack thereof, is “whether ‘the evidence, construed against the moving party, justifies] a verdict against him.’ D’Annolfo v. Stoneham Hous. Auth., 375 Mass. 650, 657 (1978).” Bonin v. Chestnut Hill Towers Realty Corp., 392 Mass. 58, 59 (1984). Henderson v. D’Annolfo, 15 Mass. App. Ct. 413, 419 (1983). In reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, we look to see “whether ‘anywhere in the evidence, from whatever source derived, any combination of circumstances could be found from which a reasonable inference could be drawn in favor of the plaintiff.’ ” Poirier v. Plymouth, 374 Mass. 206, 212 (1978), quoting from Raunela v. Hertz Corp., 361 Mass. 341, 343 (1972). Weight and credibility of the evidence are not to be considered. Sahagan v. Commonwealth, 25 Mass. App. Ct. 953 (1988).

Under the above standard, we summarize the facts and reasonable inferences to be drawn from those facts. C & T Wallpaper Company (C & T) sold paint and wallpaper at retail. The plaintiff Fox was hired by C & T in 1936 and worked part-time: stocking the shelves, cleaning the store, and maintaining the inventory. He became a full-time employee in 1938. He was hired by C & T’s then owner, one Cacciagrani, who was married to Fox’s sister, Frances, who worked as the store’s bookkeeper at the time. Fox left C & T in 1941 when he was hired by the United States Navy as a civilian employee. He returned in 1946, and in 1949, C & T opened a store in Wellesley. Fox became manager of that paint store. Since 1946, he has worked without interruption for C & T.

The plaintiff Antonucci was hired by Cacciagrani in 1948 as a stock boy. He became a comanager of the Wellesley paint store in 1949 and has continued in C & T’s employ without interruption. After Antonucci was hired as co-manager, Fox went to C & T’s store in Hyde Park where he assumed a management position in addition to his duties at the Wellesley store.

[585]*585In 1960, Fox’s sister, Frances, and Cacciagrani divorced, and, as a result, Frances acquired the business. In 1964, Frances married her present husband, Joseph Gattozzi (Joseph). They moved to Vermont, and Fox took over the business for his sister. Frances returned from Vermont in the mid-sixties and resumed working for C & T. From the 1970’s on, Frances and Joseph handled all of the corporation’s books.

C & T incorporated in 1965. The incorporators were Fox, Antonucci, and one Jones, the husband of Frances’s oldest daughter.

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Bluebook (online)
672 N.E.2d 547, 41 Mass. App. Ct. 581, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/fox-v-f-j-gattozzi-corp-massappct-1996.