Fowski v. City of Biddeford

Superior Court of Maine·Decided March 24, 2010·No. YORap-09-032·Unpublished

Opinion

STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT CIVIL ACTION

YORK, ss. DOCKET NO. AP-09-032 C7AB - YO~~ :3 /~LI/~OID

WALTER J. FOWSKI and NANCY C. FOWSKI,

Plaintiffs

v. ORDER

CITY OF BIDDEFORD, BOARD OF ASSESSlIIENT REVIEW,

Defendant

Walter J. Fowski and Nancy C. Fowski appeal from the City of Biddeford's Board of Assessments Review's decision to deny their tax abatement appeal. Following hearing and review of the record, the appeal is Denied.

BACKGROUND

The Fowskis own residential oceanfront property at 35 Fortunes Rocks Road in

the Fortunes Rocks neighborhood of Biddeford, Maine. This property is identified as Lot 20 on Tax Map 63. (R. at C9.) The Tax Map shows the lot to have one hundred feet of road frontage, narrowing to eighty-five feet of frontage along the beach and water. (R. at C9.) The Tax Map does not show the lot continuing past this line. (R. at C9). However, a 1994 retracement survey prepared from a 1968 plan and 1987 survey data shows the lot having one hundred feet of frontage along the beach, narrowing to approximately twenty-one feet of riparian frontage at the mean high water level. (R. at

BI4.) A deeded right-of-way crosses the property. (R. at D43.) A second right-of-way crosses a neighboring lot. (R. at B7.)

The City of Biddeford completed a city-wide property revaluation for tax-year 2007, with a cut-off date of April 1, 2007. (R. at Cl.) For the April 1, 2007 assessment date, the City Assessor calculated each lot's assessed value by applying the following formula:

Acreage (s.f.) x Unit Price [i.e. appraised value] x Site Index multiplier x Condition Factor multiplier x Neighborhood multiplier = Land Value [i.e. assessed value].

(R. at D26.) The Assessor worked with the City's revaluation company to appraise oceanfront property by using nine oceanfront property sales that occurred in Biddeford between April 2004 and January 2007. (R. at D26-27.) This list included the Fowskis' purchase of 35 Fortunes Rocks Road, and "showed a mean average land sale price of $1,158,713.11 for oceanfront sale[s]." (R. at D26.)

All oceanfront property was assigned the same Site Index multiplier 7.15, and "all ocean influence property ... was assigned a Neighborhood Code multiplier of 2.5." (R. at D27.) These multipliers were developed through sales analyses of similarly grouped properties. (R. at D27.) The Assessor used the Condition Factor to reflect site- specific adjustments to a property's land value "such as lot size, shared access drives, recorded rights of way across a property, erosion or wetlands .... For a property without any site specific adjustments, a Condition Factor of 1 was assigned to the property." (R. at D27.)

Under the April 1, 2007 assessment date, the Fowskis' property's appraised value was $1,094,200, of which $932,000 was apportioned to land and $162,200 was apportioned to buildings. (R. at D2.) Its assessed value was $995,700, of which $848,100 was apportioned to the land and $147,600 was apportioned to the building. (R. at D26.)

This assessment reflected a 5% downward adjustment to reflect the right-of-way across the Fowskis' lot, i.e. the Fowskis' condition factor was 0.95. (R. at D27.) The 2007 values were carried over into the 2008 and 2009 tax years. (R. at D26, F2.)

On February 19, 2009, the Fowskis applied for a property tax abatement for the 2008 tax year. (R. at B4.) Their application listed "fair market value, equality with other property, [and] shape and traffic considerations." (R. at B4.) Where the application asks what the Fowskis believe the fair market value of the property to be, they wrote "about $900,00017". (R. at B4.) The Assessor denied the application on March 13, 2009, and the Fowskis appealed to the Board of Assessment Review. (R. at B1, B17.)

The Fowskis argued to the Board that their property had not been assessed according to its fair market value or in an equitable manner. (R. at Bl.) They requested that their property's appraised land value be reduced, and/ or their Condition Factor be adjusted downward. (R. at B6-7.) Mr. Fowski began his argument supporting a lowered land valuation by attempting to show that properties in other neighborhoods were being systematically appraised at lower levels than property in the Fortunes Rocks neighborhood. (R. at D8, E5-6.) He did this by analyzing the nine oceanfront properties the Assessor used to determine the mean average oceanfront sales price for the 2007 revaluation. (R. at D8.)

Mr. Fowski's analysis began with the recorded sale price for each property, all of which were sold between 2004 and 2007. (R. at D8.) For each property, he subtracted the 2006 appraised value of the buildings from the recorded sale price. (R. at D8; see C13, D36, D38.) Mr. Fowski labeled the resulting difference as the "Residual Land Value." (R. at D8.) He then compared this "Residual Land Value" to the Assessors 2008-2009 appraised land value to find the ratio between the two. (R. at D8.) Comparing the resulting ratios, Mr. Fowski claims that in 2008-2009 oceanfront land in the Fortunes

Rocks neighborhood was appraised at an average 95% of its "Residual Land Value," while land in other neighborhoods was appraised at 77%.1 (R. at D8). According to Mr. Fowski, this translated into a "23% tax penalty for [Fortunes Rocks] beachfront owners. (R. at D8.) Only two of the nine properties in the list were actually located in Fortunes Rocks. (R. at D8.)

Mr. Fowski performed a separate, similar analysis of four properties sold in the latter half of 2007. (R. at D12.) Two of the properties were oceanfront lots located in the Fortunes Rocks neighborhood, and two were non-oceanfront lots from other coastal neighborhoods. (R. at D12.) Mr. Fowski subtracted the Assessor's current appraised building value from the 2007 sale price. (R. at D12; see B23.) He labeled the difference as the "Real Lot Value." (R. at D12.) He then compared this "Real Lot Value" to the Assessor's current appraised land value to establish in his view the percentage by which the Assessor was over- or under-valuing the land. (R. at D12.) Mr. Fowski also compared the properties' sale prices to their current total appraised values to determine how much they were over- or under-valued. (R. at D12.)

Using this analysis, Mr. Fowski argued that Fortunes Rocks' properties' land were appraised at an average of 119% of the "Real Lot Value," and that the properties were appraised at an average of 116% their sale prices overall. (R. at D12.) In contrast, Mr. Fowski claimed that the non-oceanfront land in other neighborhoods was appraised at 68% of its "Real Lot Value," and the properties overall were appraised at 75% their sale prices. (R. at D12.) Mr. Fowski asserted that this translated "into a 75% tax penalty for [Fortunes Rocks] beachfront owners of land of equal value." (R. at D12.) He

The record shows that the 2008-2009 appraised building values were not identical to the 2006 values used by Mr. Fowski. (R. at DB; see C13, 036, D3B.) In at least one case the building values had doubled. (R. at 039.)

apparently repeated this exercise with all single-family home sales that occurred in Biddeford between April 1, 2007 and March 31,2008. (R. at Dl~I1.)

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