Foster v. Wills

299 N.E.2d 765, 13 Ill. App. 3d 127, 1973 Ill. App. LEXIS 1997
CourtAppellate Court of Illinois
DecidedJuly 24, 1973
Docket72-220
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 299 N.E.2d 765 (Foster v. Wills) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Court of Illinois primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Foster v. Wills, 299 N.E.2d 765, 13 Ill. App. 3d 127, 1973 Ill. App. LEXIS 1997 (Ill. Ct. App. 1973).

Opinion

Mr. PRESIDING JUSTICE EBERSPACHER

delivered the opinion of the court:

This is an appeal from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Jackson County, Illinois, on a counterclaim, filed in an action by the plaintiff-appellant, Judy Foster, against the defendant-appellee, Louis Wills, seeking damages and injunctive relief for continued and repeated trespass by the defendant on the property of the plaintiff. The defendant, who is also the mayor of Grand Tower, Illinois, where the parties reside, asserted that the roadway in question was a public highway by virtue of its use by the public. The City of Grand Tower after intervening filed a counterclaim, alleging that the road crossing plaintiff’s property was a public highway, under Ill. Rev. Stat. 1969, ch. 121, section 2 — 2—2, and seeking an injunction to prevent plaintiff from closing the road. By stipulation of counsel, the threshold issue of the road’s character was tried first on the counterclaim. After hearing evidence, the trial court found that the road in question was a public highway under the statute, dismissed the original complaint with prejudice, and enjoined the plaintiff from obstructing the road.

The record discloses that, from approximately 1895 down to the date plaintiff acquired her real estate in Grand Tower, an unnamed road extended northward at a right angle from Market Street within the City of Grand Tower. The road passes in front of plaintiff’s house and continues in a northwesterly direction until it leaves her property and curves west over property owned by the Illinois Central Railroad, and then loops back south across the property of the defendant, Wills. During the entire history of the road it was never closed and no attempt was ever made to close the road until the plaintiff, Judy Foster, attempted to close it.

The road has been used in many different ways, by many different people. Originally the road served a box factory and the Illinois Central Railroad siding, which was located at the end of the northernmost point of the road. However, after the box factory burned in 1942, the road was used for ingress and egress to a lumber company, chipping mill and bulk oil station. Customers of these various businesses and the public in general have had occasion to use the road in question. In 1971 when the plaintiff bought the property through which the road passes, she sought to restrict the flow of traffic by erecting a gate. The defendant, Wills, and a sheriff’s deputy removed the gate and this lawsuit followed.

The issue presented on appeal is whether or not there was sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s finding that the roadway in question, which crosses the plaintiff-appellant’s property, is a public highway, as defined by Ill. Rev. Stat. (1969), ch. 121, section 2 — 202, which provides as follows:

“Highway — Any public way for vehicular travel which has been laid out in pursuance of any law of this State, or of the Territory of Illinois, or which has been established by dedication, or used by the public as a highway for fifteen (15) years.”

The tests for determining whether a road has become a public highway were recently summarized in Walden v. Bourn, 10 Ill.App.3d 289, 294, 296 N.E.2d 92, 95, wherein the court quoted Van Amburg v. Reynolds, 372 Ill. 317, 23 N.E.2d 694:

“The test in determining whether a road has become a highway by user is whether or not the public, generally, had the free and unrestricted right in common, to use the road. Where a road has been shown to have been openly and notoriously used as an open public highway in common by all the people for the statutory period, it will be considered a public highway. (Phillips v. Leininger, 280 Ill. 132, 117 N.E. 497; Lee v. Dickman, 316 Ill. 529, 147 N.E. 380.) In determining whether a strip of ground has become a public highway by user the test is not the number of persons actually using it, but the character of the use, — that is, whether or not the public, generally, had the free and unrestricted right to use the road. (Mudge v. Wagoner, (1926), 320 Ill. 357, 151 N.E. 276.) Where a roadway is shown to have been used and enjoyed by the public for the time required by statute, a presumption arises that such grant or use was prescriptive, and the burden is on one denying the existence of a public highway to show that the use was under some license or indulgence inconsistent with the claim of right by the public. Lee v. Dickman, supra; Thorworth v. Scheets, 269 Ill. 573, 110 N.E. 42; Law v. Neola Elevator Co., 281 Ill. 143, 117 N.E. 435.”

From an examination of the testimony of all the witnesses in the case at bar, we conclude that there was sufficient evidence to support the trial court’s determination that the road in question met all the criteria needed to establish that it was used as a public road for a period of time in excess of fifteen (15) years. All of the witnesses, including the plaintiff’s own witnesses, testified that the road had never been closed, and that it was in continuous use by the public in general from the time the box factory was in existence until the present, a period of about 85 years. All witnesses, including the plaintiff’s also testified that the use of the road had been continuous and uninterrupted, until the plaintiff Rad erected her gate. Witness Ralph Becker, a former plant manager of the box factory, testified that his company never asserted ownership of the road and never objected to public use of the road. Witnesses Becker, WHliam Kelly and Louis WHls testified that the City of Grand Tower installed street lights, water, gas and sewer lines within the road, all without obtaining permission of the property owners along the road. Mr. John Suggs, plaintiff’s predecessor in title, testified that, when the City of Grand Tower instaUed the sewers, it was done without an easement to do so and it tore up the road so badly he could not gain ingress and egress to his house. AH witnesses including those who were predecessors in title to the plaintiff testified that the property owners along the road had knowledge of the use by the public and the use was without their consent. AH of the witnesses also testified that the public used the road under claim of right, in that, no one testified that they sought permission to use the road or that consent was given by the property owners to their use of the road.

This recital of testimony serves to iUustrate that there was evidence to support the finding of the trial court that the use of the road by the public had been open, notorious, adverse, continuous, without the landowners’ permission and under a claim of right for more than fifteen years. (See Taylor v. Wentz, 15 Ill.2d 83, 153 N.E.2d 812.) The fact that the road in question was worked by the township authorities is a strong indication that it is a public highway. (Walden v. Bourn, supra.) We do not deem the testimony regarding the maintenance of the road so vague as to fall within tire category set forth in People v. Waitkus, 30 Ill.2d 335, 196 N.E.2d 668 (1964), relied upon by the plaintiff.

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Bluebook (online)
299 N.E.2d 765, 13 Ill. App. 3d 127, 1973 Ill. App. LEXIS 1997, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/foster-v-wills-illappct-1973.