The opinion of the court was delivered by
Mason, J.:
On November 11, 1911, J. O. Foresman, the owner of a tract of land, and his wife, Susan C. Foresman, signed and acknowledged a deed purporting to convey it to their son, Ernest M. Foresman. On April 22, 1916,. J. O. Foresman died, survived by his wife, .one daughter and two sons, leaving a will giving all his property to his wife for her life, with a remainder to their children living at the time-of her death. The will contained a description of three tracts of land (not including that already referred to) under the cap[699]*699tion “My Land Described,” with a. provision that “the land” should be given to his two sons on condition of their paying the daughter one-third of its appraised value. On February 1, 1917, John H. Foresman, the other son, brought an action for the partition of the real estate described in the deed already referred to, making his mother, his sister and his brother defendants. His brother filed an answer and cross petition in which he claimed to be the absolute owner and to be in the possession of the tract described in the deed and asked to have his title quieted against all the other parties. The plaintiff and his sister filed pleadings denying that the deed was ever delivered to their brother and asking that the land therein described be partitioned with the rest. A trial resulted in a judgment in favor of Ernest M. Foresman, and his brother and sister appeal.
1. In the brief of the appellants it is said that the sole and only question at issue in this appeal is whether or not the said warranty deed from J. O. Foresman and Susan C. Foresman, to Ernest M. Foresman, was delivered by J. O. Foresman to Ernest M. Foresman during the lifetime of J. O. Foresman. Error is assigned, however, upon the refusal of the court to grant the appellants a jury trial upon that issue, and while the question is not further argued in the brief, the statute (Gen. Stat. 1915, § 7179), and Gordon v. Munn, 83 Kan. 242, 111 Pac. 177, are cited in support of the assignment. The action was brought as one for partition, and'nothing more. As Ernest M. Foresman was in possession of the tract in controversy under a claim of exclusive ownership, an action of partition could not be maintained against him without joining a demand for ejectment. (Denton v. Fyfe, 65 Kan. 1, 68 Pac. 1074.) If the plaintiff had prayed for possession, under suitable allegations, the defendant who opposed his claim could as a matter of course have demanded a jury. But the trial of the issue as to the delivery of the deed was had upon the cross petition of Ernest M. Foresman and the denials of the adverse parties, and his pleading was a plain statement of a cause of action for affirmative relief — the quieting of his title, a matter of equitable cognizance, triable without a jury. (Larkin v. Wilson, 28 Kan. 513; Note, Ann. Cas. 1913D, 168.) If the plaintiff had seen fit to bring an action of ejectment against the claimant under the deed he could have had a jury trial. [700]*700Having chosen to sue only for partition he is .not in a position to complain of being denied a jury. The cross petitioner is not in the attitude of one who is invoicing an equitable remedy for the possible purpose of avoiding the submission of his claim to a jury. He availed himself of the ordinary procedure open to a person in possession of realty whose ownership is questioned — an action to quiet title.
2. Upon the merits of the case the question is merely whether there ,was any substantial evidence to support a finding that the deed was delivered. The grantee was of course incompetent to testify/as to what took place between his father and himself; but a neighbor testified that in the early part of 1916 his father told her that during a recent illness he had given Ernest the deed, adding,- “You know a deed is not good until it is delivered, and I gave Ernest his deed that night.” The widow testified that her husband told her he had given Ernest his deed, and that “he would like to have Ernest have it recorded if it were not for the fact that Homer [the plaintiff] would act like he did.” Of a subsequent conversation with her husband she said: “He told me that he had given Ernest his déed, and he didn’t want him to have it recorded now, and he wanted me to take it and take care of it and if he should go [die] to deliver it to Ernest and let him have it recorded.” She added that the next day he took the deed from his coat pocket and handed it to her, saying: “You put this with your papers now and take care of it, and if I should go first, deliver it to Ernest and let him have it recorded.” She took the deed and kept it until after her husband’s death, when she handed it to Ernest, who had it recorded.
We regard this evidence, with the inferences permissible therefrom, as capable of such interpretation as to sustain a finding, which the court must be regarded as having made, that J. O. Foresman delivered the deed to his son with the intention that the title should thereby pass; that he then had the document returned to him and retained it in his possession in order to be assured that it should not be recorded during his ■lifetime, because he wished to avoid the comment that might result from knowledge of its execution becoming public. The return of a deed to the grantor immediately after its delivery, for a purpose not inconsistent with an intent that the title shall [701]*701pass, does not prevent the vesting of ownership in the grantee. (8 R. C. L. 987.) And the return of a deed to the grantor under an agreement that he should retain it until his death, when it should be recorded, has been held — properly, as we think — to show a purpose to insure its being withheld from record, and not to impair the effect of the prior delivery. (Blackford v. Olmstead, 140 Mich. 583.)
It is argued against this view that the expression of the grantor — “If I should go first, deliver it to Ernest and let him have it recorded” — indicates that he did not intend that it should take effect as a deed, unless he should die before the grantee. It seems quite as reasonable to suppose, however, that he meant merely to provide for its record in. case his son (or- wife) survived him, intending otherwise to see to the recording himself. His statement that a deed was not good until it was delivered tended to show that he understood the law and meant for the title to pass at once.
A witness stated that the grantee had said that the deed was not delivered to him until after his father’s death, but he denied this. He told on the stand of his having “received” the deed from his mother at that time. If he had spoken of the transaction by 'which the document finally came into his physical possession as a delivery, it could not have been conclusive evidence, if any evidence at all, that the title had not already vested in him — his ownership could not be lost by his failure to use words in their exact technical sense. In handing him the document after her husband’s death his mother in a sense “delivered” it to him, but the fact 'is without significance if what the law recognizes as such a delivery as to pass title had already'been made.
In behalf of the plaintiff and his sister, evidence was introduced tending to show that no delivery of the deed had taken place — that at thé time the grantee claims to have first received it his father in reality merely showed it to him and said he didn’t want him to have it until after his death.
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The opinion of the court was delivered by
Mason, J.:
On November 11, 1911, J. O. Foresman, the owner of a tract of land, and his wife, Susan C. Foresman, signed and acknowledged a deed purporting to convey it to their son, Ernest M. Foresman. On April 22, 1916,. J. O. Foresman died, survived by his wife, .one daughter and two sons, leaving a will giving all his property to his wife for her life, with a remainder to their children living at the time-of her death. The will contained a description of three tracts of land (not including that already referred to) under the cap[699]*699tion “My Land Described,” with a. provision that “the land” should be given to his two sons on condition of their paying the daughter one-third of its appraised value. On February 1, 1917, John H. Foresman, the other son, brought an action for the partition of the real estate described in the deed already referred to, making his mother, his sister and his brother defendants. His brother filed an answer and cross petition in which he claimed to be the absolute owner and to be in the possession of the tract described in the deed and asked to have his title quieted against all the other parties. The plaintiff and his sister filed pleadings denying that the deed was ever delivered to their brother and asking that the land therein described be partitioned with the rest. A trial resulted in a judgment in favor of Ernest M. Foresman, and his brother and sister appeal.
1. In the brief of the appellants it is said that the sole and only question at issue in this appeal is whether or not the said warranty deed from J. O. Foresman and Susan C. Foresman, to Ernest M. Foresman, was delivered by J. O. Foresman to Ernest M. Foresman during the lifetime of J. O. Foresman. Error is assigned, however, upon the refusal of the court to grant the appellants a jury trial upon that issue, and while the question is not further argued in the brief, the statute (Gen. Stat. 1915, § 7179), and Gordon v. Munn, 83 Kan. 242, 111 Pac. 177, are cited in support of the assignment. The action was brought as one for partition, and'nothing more. As Ernest M. Foresman was in possession of the tract in controversy under a claim of exclusive ownership, an action of partition could not be maintained against him without joining a demand for ejectment. (Denton v. Fyfe, 65 Kan. 1, 68 Pac. 1074.) If the plaintiff had prayed for possession, under suitable allegations, the defendant who opposed his claim could as a matter of course have demanded a jury. But the trial of the issue as to the delivery of the deed was had upon the cross petition of Ernest M. Foresman and the denials of the adverse parties, and his pleading was a plain statement of a cause of action for affirmative relief — the quieting of his title, a matter of equitable cognizance, triable without a jury. (Larkin v. Wilson, 28 Kan. 513; Note, Ann. Cas. 1913D, 168.) If the plaintiff had seen fit to bring an action of ejectment against the claimant under the deed he could have had a jury trial. [700]*700Having chosen to sue only for partition he is .not in a position to complain of being denied a jury. The cross petitioner is not in the attitude of one who is invoicing an equitable remedy for the possible purpose of avoiding the submission of his claim to a jury. He availed himself of the ordinary procedure open to a person in possession of realty whose ownership is questioned — an action to quiet title.
2. Upon the merits of the case the question is merely whether there ,was any substantial evidence to support a finding that the deed was delivered. The grantee was of course incompetent to testify/as to what took place between his father and himself; but a neighbor testified that in the early part of 1916 his father told her that during a recent illness he had given Ernest the deed, adding,- “You know a deed is not good until it is delivered, and I gave Ernest his deed that night.” The widow testified that her husband told her he had given Ernest his deed, and that “he would like to have Ernest have it recorded if it were not for the fact that Homer [the plaintiff] would act like he did.” Of a subsequent conversation with her husband she said: “He told me that he had given Ernest his déed, and he didn’t want him to have it recorded now, and he wanted me to take it and take care of it and if he should go [die] to deliver it to Ernest and let him have it recorded.” She added that the next day he took the deed from his coat pocket and handed it to her, saying: “You put this with your papers now and take care of it, and if I should go first, deliver it to Ernest and let him have it recorded.” She took the deed and kept it until after her husband’s death, when she handed it to Ernest, who had it recorded.
We regard this evidence, with the inferences permissible therefrom, as capable of such interpretation as to sustain a finding, which the court must be regarded as having made, that J. O. Foresman delivered the deed to his son with the intention that the title should thereby pass; that he then had the document returned to him and retained it in his possession in order to be assured that it should not be recorded during his ■lifetime, because he wished to avoid the comment that might result from knowledge of its execution becoming public. The return of a deed to the grantor immediately after its delivery, for a purpose not inconsistent with an intent that the title shall [701]*701pass, does not prevent the vesting of ownership in the grantee. (8 R. C. L. 987.) And the return of a deed to the grantor under an agreement that he should retain it until his death, when it should be recorded, has been held — properly, as we think — to show a purpose to insure its being withheld from record, and not to impair the effect of the prior delivery. (Blackford v. Olmstead, 140 Mich. 583.)
It is argued against this view that the expression of the grantor — “If I should go first, deliver it to Ernest and let him have it recorded” — indicates that he did not intend that it should take effect as a deed, unless he should die before the grantee. It seems quite as reasonable to suppose, however, that he meant merely to provide for its record in. case his son (or- wife) survived him, intending otherwise to see to the recording himself. His statement that a deed was not good until it was delivered tended to show that he understood the law and meant for the title to pass at once.
A witness stated that the grantee had said that the deed was not delivered to him until after his father’s death, but he denied this. He told on the stand of his having “received” the deed from his mother at that time. If he had spoken of the transaction by 'which the document finally came into his physical possession as a delivery, it could not have been conclusive evidence, if any evidence at all, that the title had not already vested in him — his ownership could not be lost by his failure to use words in their exact technical sense. In handing him the document after her husband’s death his mother in a sense “delivered” it to him, but the fact 'is without significance if what the law recognizes as such a delivery as to pass title had already'been made.
In behalf of the plaintiff and his sister, evidence was introduced tending to show that no delivery of the deed had taken place — that at thé time the grantee claims to have first received it his father in reality merely showed it to him and said he didn’t want him to have it until after his death. The credibility and weight of this evidence were of course matters upon which the decision of the trial court is final.
The judgment is affirmed.