Forenza v. Rodgers

633 A.2d 1057, 268 N.J. Super. 482, 1992 N.J. Super. LEXIS 509
New Jersey Superior Court Appellate Division·Decided December 18, 1992·Published·Cited by 2 cases

Opinion

D’ITALIA, A.J.S.C.

The issue before the court is whether a county clerk’s failure to conduct a drawing for ballot position in a special election, contrary to the requirements of the New Jersey Election laws, N.J.S.A. Title 19, constitutes a violation of 42 U.S.C.A. § 1983 such that attorney’s fees may be awarded under 42 U.S.C.A. § 1988(b).

The event precipitating this action was a special election called to fill the unexpired terms for the offices of Mayor and Council at Large in the Town of Guttenberg, County of Hudson, State of [484]*484New Jersey. A complaint and order to show cause with temporary restraints were filed on September 23,1992. The first count of the complaint alleged that the Hudson County Clerk (“Clerk”) improperly failed to conduct a drawing for ballot position in the special election, as required by N.J.S.A. 19:14-12, and that the Clerk wrongfully placed plaintiffs’ election adversaries in the preferred column “A”, while plaintiffs were placed in column “C”. Plaintiffs also alleged that this conduct constituted a violation of their civil rights and a denial of due process of law. The second count of the complaint alleged that a drawing for ballot position had been held for a recent Jersey City special election, and the denial of a similar drawing for Guttenberg was a violation of Title 19, plaintiffs’ civil rights and due process of law.

On September 28, 1992, the return date of the order to show cause, it was stipulated that the Clerk had been advised by the attorney for the Hudson County Democratic chairman that plaintiffs’ election rivals were the designated candidates of the Democratic Party. Relying on that representation, the Clerk placed plaintiffs’ election adversaries on column “A”, the position enjoyed by the Democratic Party. However, plaintiffs’ election adversaries were not, in fact, the designees of the Democratic Party, for the party and its chairman failed to comply with the provisions of Title 19 governing party designations, specifically N.J.S.A. 19:13-20 and 19:27-11. As a result, the Clerk’s action in placing plaintiffs’ election rivals on column “A”, in lieu of a drawing, was contrary to law.

On October 9, 1992, the court entered an order voiding the ballot positions assigned by the Clerk and directed that a drawing for ballot position be held. In rendering its decision, the court found no violation of any civil rights, or of any other rights, privileges or immunities secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States. In fact, no claims were made by plaintiffs at oral argument beyond the failure of the Democratic Party committee and Clerk to comply with the pertinent provisions of Title 19.

[485]*485Plaintiffs now seek an award of attorney’s fees and costs pursuant to 42 U.S.C.A. § 1988 and R. 4:42-9.

Our court rules provide that no fee for legal services shall be allowed in the taxed costs or otherwise, except in eight enumerated instances. The only exception applicable here is R. 4:42-9(a)(8), which permits counsel fees to be awarded where they are “permitted by statute.” There is no applicable New Jersey statute providing for counsel fees. Therefore, plaintiffs rely on a federal statute, 42 U.S.C.A § 1988, which provides in pertinent part:

(b) Attorney’s tees
In any action or proceeding to enforce a provision of sections 1981, 1981a, 1982, 1983, 1985, and 1986 of this title, title IX of Public Law 92-318, or title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the court, in its discretion, may allow the prevailing party, other than the United States, a reasonable attorney’s fee as part of the costs.

As § 1983 is the only even remotely applicable statute referred to in § 1988, it is assumed that plaintiffs seek relief under that section. 42 U.S.C. § 1983 provides in pertinent part:

Every person who, under color of any statute, ordinance, regulation, custom, or usage, of any State or Territory or the District of Columbia, subjects or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States or other person within the jurisdiction thereof to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws, shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress.

From a reading of the above, two things are evident. First, an award of attorney’s fees under § 1988 is discretionary. Second, in order to be eligible for an award of fees, plaintiffs must demonstrate that they prevailed on a claim of deprivation, under color of state law, of “rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution and laws”. However, § 1983 does not create a remedy for every wrong committed under color of state law. Only deprivations of rights secured by the Constitution and laws of the United States are actionable. See Ohio Inns, Inc. v. Nye, 542 F.2d 673 (6th Cir.1976), cert. denied, 430 U.S. 946, 97 S.Ct. 1583, 51 L.Ed.2d 794 (1977).

Plaintiffs’ position, as articulated through briefs and oral argument, seems to be that their due process and equal protection [486]*486rights were violated because all similarly situated candidates were not treated equally, that is, plaintiffs and their election adversaries did not have their ballot positions determined by a drawing.

It is well established that not every violation of state election law constitutes a denial of constitutionally guaranteed rights. The most instructive summary of this rule appears in Gamza v. Aguirre, 619 F.2d 449 (5th Cir.1980). Gamza dealt with a school board election in which the plaintiff candidate’s opponent was alleged to have been improperly declared to be the winner as a result of a miscount of votes. Plaintiff instituted suit in the United States District Court, seeking to be installed on the school board. The District Court granted the relief sought. The Fifth Circuit reversed, finding no § 1983 jurisdiction. The court stated:

The unlawful administration by state officers of a non-discriminatory state law, ‘resulting in its unequal application to those who are entitled to be treated alike, is not a denial of equal protection unless there is shown to be present in it an element of intentional or purposeful discrimination.’ Snowden v. Hughes, 321 U.S. 1, 8, 64 S.Ct. 397, 401, 88 L.Ed. 497 (1944).
The very nature of the federal union contemplates separate functions for the states. If every state election irregularity were considered a federal constitutional deprivation, federal courts would adjudicate every state election dispute, and the elaborate state election contest procedures, designed to assure speedy and orderly disposition of the multitudinous questions that may arise in the electoral process, would be superseded by a section 1983 gloss. See Pettengill v. Putnam County R-1 School District, 472 F.2d 121 (8th Cir.1973); Griffin v. Burns, 570 F.2d 1065 (1st Cir.1978) (dictum).

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Forenza v. Rodgers, 633 A.2d 1057, 268 N.J. Super. 482, 1992 N.J. Super. LEXIS 509 (N.J. Ct. App. 1992).

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