Ford v. Michael

2017 MT 183N

Opinion

07/25/2017

DA 17-0119 Case Number: DA 17-0119

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF MONTANA

2017 MT 183N

EUGENE FORD,

Plaintiff and Appellant,

v.

REGINALD MICHAEL (Director), Dept. of Corrections, MICHAEL FLETCHER (Warden), Montana State Prison, KEN ARNOLD (Facility Main. Manager), and ROYCE SKOLCOLIK (Maintenance Manager),

Defendants and Appellees.

APPEAL FROM: District Court of the Third Judicial District, In and For the County of Powell, Cause No. DV-15-48 Honorable Ray Dayton, Presiding Judge

COUNSEL OF RECORD:

For Appellant:

Eugene Ford, Self-Represented, Deer Lodge, Montana

For Appellee:

Rebekah J. French, Special Assistant Attorney General, Risk Management & Tort Defense Division, Helena, Montana

Submitted on Briefs: June 28, 2017 Decided: July 25, 2017

Filed:

__________________________________________ Clerk Justice Beth Baker delivered the Opinion of the Court.

¶1 Pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c), Montana Supreme Court Internal Operating

Rules, this case is decided by memorandum opinion and shall not be cited and does not

serve as precedent. Its case title, cause number, and disposition shall be included in this

Court’s quarterly list of noncitable cases published in the Pacific Reporter and Montana

Reports.

¶2 Eugene Ford, an inmate at Montana State Prison, appeals the Third Judicial

District Court’s order dismissing his discrimination complaint against Prison officials for

failure to state a claim.1 We affirm.

¶3 Ford works on the yard crew within the Prison’s perimeter. The Department of

Corrections revised its inmate pay classification scale in 2011 in order to address

budgetary issues and incentivize good behavior. The revisions increased wages for

inmates working outside the Prison’s perimeter and therefore did not apply to Ford. Ford

exhausted his administrative grievance remedies after learning that he would not receive

a wage increase. He filed a complaint alleging discrimination and denial of equal

protection because he asserted that he did not receive the same wages as other inmates

doing essentially the same work outside the Prison’s perimeter.

¶4 The State moved to dismiss the complaint pursuant to M. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). The

District Court granted the State’s motion. Relying on §§ 50-30-151 and -152, MCA, and

Quigg v. South, 243 Mont. 218, 793 P.2d 831 (1990), the court reasoned that, as an

1 We have amended the caption to include the current Director of the Department of Corrections and the new Warden of the Prison.

2 inmate, Ford did not have a right to be paid for the work he did at the Prison. As such,

the court determined that it could not grant Ford the relief he requested—to be paid the

same wage as those inmates doing work outside the Prison’s perimeter.

¶5 We review a district court’s ruling on a motion to dismiss pursuant to

M. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) de novo. Western Sec. Bank v. Eide Bailly LLP, 2010 MT 291,

¶ 18, 359 Mont. 34, 249 P.3d 35. In so doing, we construe the complaint in the light most

favorable to the plaintiff and take as admitted all well-pleaded factual allegations.

Western Sec. Bank, ¶ 55.

¶6 Montana statute provides that an inmate may be required to “perform general

maintenance and repair work on prison grounds and facilities and assist in providing

services essential to the administration of the prison.” Section 53-30-151(2), MCA.

Section 53-30-152, MCA, clarifies that “[a]n inmate working pursuant to 53-30-151 is

not an employee, either public or private, and employment rights accorded other classes

of workers do not apply to such inmates.” This Court has relied on §§ 53-30-151

and -152, MCA, to hold that “prison inmates cannot, under the theory of a civil

deprivation, recover minimum wages for labor since the work has been authorized by the

legislature by statutes.” Quigg, 243 Mont. at 220, 793 P.2d at 832.

¶7 As the District Court concluded, Ford cannot “avoid the effect” of §§ 53-30-151

and -152, MCA, by relying upon discrimination and equal protection claims. Quigg,

243 Mont. at 220, 793 P.2d at 832. Under § 53-30-152, MCA, Ford does not have a right

to be paid for the work he performed at the Prison. Consequently, Ford does not have a

right to receive the same wage as those inmates working outside the Prison’s perimeter.

3 The District Court correctly concluded that Ford’s complaint failed to state a claim upon

which relief could be granted.

¶8 Ford asserts that Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 120 S. Ct. 1073

(2000), allows him to bring an equal protection claim even though he is not a member of

a traditionally recognized protected class. As we have explained before, however, the

United States Supreme Court recognized in Olech that the plaintiff stated a sufficient

claim for relief as a class of one “because of the ‘irrational and wholly arbitrary’ demand

by the village.” Strizich v. Kirkegard, No. OP 14-0740, 377 Mont. 435, 348 P.3d 171,

*2-3 (table) (Nov. 25, 2014) (quoting Olech, 528 U.S. at 565, 120 S. Ct. at 1075). Ford

“has not presented any claim of spite, ill will or wholly arbitrary action by [Prison]

officials.” Strizich, *3. Taking as true the factual allegations in Ford’s complaint,

Western Sec. Bank, ¶ 55, wages were raised for inmates working outside the Prison’s

perimeter as an incentive. We “afford prison officials wide-ranging discretion to adopt

and enforce rules to preserve order and discipline among inmates.” Strizich, *3 (citing

Jellison v. Mahoney, 1999 MT 217, ¶ 12, 295 Mont. 540, 986 P.2d 1089). Adopting a

wage increase that incentivizes behavior that would qualify an inmate to work outside the

Prison’s perimeter is rationally related to preserving order and discipline among inmates.

As such, Ford’s equal protection claims are without merit as a matter of law.

¶9 We have determined to decide this case pursuant to Section I, Paragraph 3(c) of

our Internal Operating Rules, which provides for memorandum opinions. In the opinion

of the Court, the case presents a question controlled by settled law. We affirm the

District Court’s order dismissing Ford’s complaint.

4 /S/ BETH BAKER

We Concur:

/S/ MIKE McGRATH /S/ LAURIE McKINNON /S/ JAMES JEREMIAH SHEA /S/ JIM RICE