Ford v. Defenbaugh

403 So. 2d 863, 1981 Miss. LEXIS 2184
CourtMississippi Supreme Court
DecidedSeptember 16, 1981
DocketNo. 52770
StatusPublished

This text of 403 So. 2d 863 (Ford v. Defenbaugh) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Mississippi Supreme Court primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ford v. Defenbaugh, 403 So. 2d 863, 1981 Miss. LEXIS 2184 (Mich. 1981).

Opinion

LEE, Justice,

for the Court:

Herman Ford and Mattie Louise Ford have appealed from a judgment of the Circuit Court of Grenada County, Honorable Clarence E. Morgan, Jr., presiding, entered in favor of Rodney E. Defenbaugh in the sum of $879.62, together with an attorney’s fee of $100, on a suit for deficiency judgment. We reverse.

Appellants have assigned four errors in the trial below, but, in view of our decision, we only consider (1) whether the lower court erred in overruling appellants’ motion for a directed verdict for violation of the Truth-in-Lending Act and (2) whether the lower court erred in declining to grant a reasonable attorney’s fee to appellants.

On July 10, 1978, appellee made a consumer loan to the appellants in the amount of $1,781.77 and, as security therefor, the appellants executed a promissory note to appellee and granted a security interest in a 1973 Pontiac Catalina automobile and their household goods. They defaulted on the repayment of the loan, the automobile was repossessed by appellee and sold for $1348, according to the terms of the promissory note and security agreement, leaving a balance due appellee in the sum of $879.62.

Appellee filed suit against appellants for deficiency judgment on January 14, 1980, and the appellants answered alleging as an affirmative defense a set-off that the ap-pellee had violated the disclosure provisions of the Truth-in-Lending Act and was liable to appellants for the statutory penalties and attorney’s fee provided in said act. They also filed a counterclaim for same. On motion of appellee, the trial court dismissed the appellants’ counterclaim but permitted them to proceed with the claim for set-off.

Several violations of the Truth-in-Lending Act were charged by appellants and, among them, the evidence is uncontradicted that appellee failed to disclose a description or identification of household goods used as security for the loan in violation of 15 U.S.C.A. section 1639(a)(8) and Regulation Z, section 226.8(b)(5). The trial judge, in his opinion, found that there had been such a violation. Section 1639(a)(8) provides:

(a) Any creditor making a consumer loan ... in a transaction which is neither a consumer credit sale nor under an open-end consumer credit plan shall disclose each of the following items to the extent applicable:
(8) A description of any security interest held or to be retained or acquired by the creditor in connection with the Extension of Credit, and a clear identification of the property to which the security interest relates.

Regulation Z, section 226.8(b)(5) provides in part the following:

[865]*865(b) In any transaction subject to this section, the following items, as applicable, shall be disclosed:
(5) A description or identification of the type of any security interest held or to be retained or acquired by the creditor in connection with the extension of credit, and a clear identification of the property to which the security interest relates or, if such property is not identifiable, an explanation of the manner in which the creditor retains or may acquire a security interest in such property which the creditor is unable to identify. In any such case where a clear identification of such property cannot properly be made on the disclosure statement due to the length of such identification, the note, other instrument evidencing the .obligation, or separate disclosure statement, shall contain reference to a separate pledge agreement, or a financing statement, mortgage, deed of trust, or similar document evidencing the security interest, a copy of which shall be furnished to the customer by the creditor as promptly as practicable ....

At the conclusion of all the evidence and after the parties had rested, the trial judge entered judgment for appellee and denied the set-off claimed by appellants on the ground that they had not proved any actual damages. The trial judge cited and relied upon Ken-Lu Enterprises, Inc. v. Neal, 29 N.C.App. 78, 223 S.E.2d 831 (1976). That case involved a counterclaim by the debtor rather than a set-off and, in discussing 15 U.S.C.A. section 1640(h), the Court said:

The design of the Act was to provide protection for consumers by affording them, through meaningful disclosure, an opportunity to compare and shop for credit. The Act should be used to protect consumers, but it should not be used to thwart the valid claims of creditors. We hold that defendants who are sued on evidences of debt may not assert potential liability of the creditor under the Truth-in-Lending Act as a counterclaim or defense in such action, so far as any damages other than actual ones.
(223 S.E.2d at 834)

The Ken-Lu decision has been sharply criticized by other jurisdictions. In Pacific Concrete U. v. Kauanoe, 614 P.2d 936 (Hawaii 1980), the Court said:

Appellee raises an additional argument that the result sought by appellant would be inconsistent under the amendment to the Act. Under this section, damages pursuant to the Act cannot be asserted because appellant’s TILA claims were not determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in an action to which the appellee was a party. The Ken-Lu, supra case was cited in support of this argument. There a North Carolina Court of Appeals interpreted the section to bar all counterclaims or defenses under the TILA until a creditor’s civil liability had been determined by a proper court judgment.
This interpretation has been expressly rejected by several other courts who interpreted the section to apply only in situations where debtors tried to deduct unilaterally from the amounts owing because of alleged TILA violations. Lincoln First Bank of Rochester v. Rupert, supra; Stephens v. Household Finance Corp., Okl., 566 P.2d 1163 (1977); Reliable Credit Service, Inc. v. Bernard, 339 So.2d 952 (La.App. 1976).
* ifc Sft ijt $ ‡
A subsequent bill to the TILA entitled “The Truth in Lending Simplification and Reform Act” would amend § 1640(h) to expressly allow recoupment claims. The section-by-section analysis of the bill states:
“SEC. 14. Set-off rights. — Would amend section 130(h) of the Truth in Lending Act to make clear that this section, which prohibits a borrower from off setting Truth in Lending damages against a debt owed unless a court has found a Truth in Lending violation, does not prohibit a borrower from raising a creditor’s violation by way of recoupment or similar doctrine where permitted by State law. It was Congress’ intent in enacting this section in 1974 to prohibit a debtor from unilaterally offsetting al[866]*866leged damages, but not to prohibit the borrower from seeking an offset in a legal action. This amendment will supersede an erroneous court decision on this subject.”
123 Cong. Rec. 11337 (1977). Appellant has not attempted singly to deduct any amounts from the debts owed. Rather, in the current instituted suit he alleged as a counterclaim certain TILA violations on appellee’s part.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

Pacific Concrete Federal Credit Union v. Kauanoe
614 P.2d 936 (Hawaii Supreme Court, 1980)
Stephens v. Household Finance Corp.
1977 OK 137 (Supreme Court of Oklahoma, 1977)
Ken-Lu Enterprises, Inc. v. Neal
223 S.E.2d 831 (Court of Appeals of North Carolina, 1976)
Reliable Credit Service, Inc. v. Bernard
339 So. 2d 952 (Louisiana Court of Appeal, 1977)
Nat'l Blvd. Bk. of Chicago v. Thompson
407 N.E.2d 739 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1980)
Easy Living, Inc. v. Whitehead
417 N.E.2d 591 (Ohio Court of Appeals, 1979)
Household Finance Corp. v. Hobbs
387 A.2d 198 (Superior Court of Delaware, 1978)
Lincoln First Bank v. Rupert
60 A.D.2d 193 (Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1977)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
403 So. 2d 863, 1981 Miss. LEXIS 2184, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ford-v-defenbaugh-miss-1981.