Ford-Calhoun v. State

761 S.E.2d 388, 327 Ga. App. 835, 2014 WL 2975871, 2014 Ga. App. LEXIS 435
CourtCourt of Appeals of Georgia
DecidedJuly 3, 2014
DocketA14A0343
StatusPublished
Cited by11 cases

This text of 761 S.E.2d 388 (Ford-Calhoun v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Georgia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Ford-Calhoun v. State, 761 S.E.2d 388, 327 Ga. App. 835, 2014 WL 2975871, 2014 Ga. App. LEXIS 435 (Ga. Ct. App. 2014).

Opinion

Doyle, Presiding Judge.

Roslynn Ford-Calhoun was convicted along with her co-defendant and husband, Preston Calhoun, of armed robbery,1 four counts of aggravated assault,2 and false imprisonment.3 While Ford-Calhoun’s motion for new trial was pending, this Court vacated Calhoun’s conviction as to one count of aggravated assault.4 Based on this Court’s ruling, the trial court granted in part Ford-Calhoun’s motion for new trial, vacating the same count of aggravated assault. Ford-Calhoun now appeals, arguing that (1) the trial court erred by improperly charging the jury as to two counts of aggravated assault; and (2) the evidence was insufficient to support the conviction of false imprisonment. For the reasons that follow, we affirm in part and reverse in part.

Viewed in favor of the verdict,5 the evidence at trial showed that Ford-Calhoun participated in two separate armed robberies of business establishments with Calhoun during late 2007.6 During the first incident (“Dollar General robbery”), Ford-Calhoun entered the store and, using her cell phone, alerted Calhoun to enter the store at an opportune moment. During the second incident (“Cato Fashions robbery”), Ford-Calhoun began speaking with store employees prior to her husband’s separate entry into the store.

[836]*836Ford-Calhoun now appeals from the guilty verdicts issued as to the two aggravated assault charges and one false imprisonment charge stemming from the Cato Fashions robbery.

1. In two enumerations, Ford-Calhoun argues that the trial court erred by failing to charge the jury on an essential element of the two aggravated assault charges related to the Cato Fashions robbery.

While an unnecessary description of an unnecessary fact averred in an indictment need not be proved, in criminal law even an unnecessarily minute description of a necessary fact must be proved as charged. If the indictment sets out the offense as done in a particular way, the proof must show it so, or there will be a variance. No averment in an indictment can be rejected as surplusage which is descriptive either of the offense or of the manner in which it was committed. All such averments must be proved as laid, or the failure to prove the same as laid will amount to a variance. To permit the prosecution to prove that a crime was committed in a wholly different manner than that specifically alleged in the indictment would subject the accused to unfair surprise at trial and constitute a fatal variance.7

Under former OCGA § 16-5-21 (a) (1), “[a] person commits the offense of aggravated assault when he or she assaults... [wjith intent to murder, to rape, or to rob. . . .”8 The indictment for the two aggravated assaults at issue charged that “[Ford-Calhoun] did unlawfully make an assault upon the person of [the victim], with intent to rob, by pointing a gun at [the victim] and demanding money . . . .”9 Ford-Calhoun contends that the language in the indictment required a jury charge instructing the jury to find that she (or co-defendant Calhoun) assaulted Cathy Johnson and Kimtoria Campbell by pointing a gun and demanding money with the intent to rob.10 Ford-Calhoun maintains that because the trial court failed to so instruct [837]*837the jury, the trial court impermissibly expanded the ways in which the jury could find her guilty. She alternatively contends that because there was no evidence that she or her co-defendant pointed a gun at either Johnson or Campbell, the verdict must be reversed as to these counts.

(a) We first address Count 4, the aggravated assault of Johnson.

(i) Although Ford-Calhoun argues that no evidence established that either she or her co-defendant pointed a gun at Johnson, on cross-examination, Johnson answered affirmatively when defense counsel asked if this was the first time she “had been held at gunpoint.” Moreover, on direct examination, Johnson testified that she saw the weapon when Calhoun first demanded money, and she touched the weapon at that time. Accordingly, sufficient evidence supported the verdict as to Count 4.

(ii) Ford-Calhoun also contends that the trial court erred by failing to charge the jury on an essential element of the charge, thereby broadening the method by which the jury could convict Ford-Calhoun.

During jury instructions, the trial court first read the indictment, including Count 4, to the jury. Later, the court instructed:

No person shall be convicted of any crime unless and until each of the elements of the crimes as charged is proven beyond a reasonable doubt. The burden of proof rests upon the [S]tate to prove every material allegation of the indictment and every essential element of the crime charged beyond a reasonable doubt.

As for aggravated assault, the trial court instructed:

A person commits the offense of aggravated assault when that person assaults another person with intent to rob. To constitute such an assault, actual injury to the alleged victim need not be shown. It is only necessary that the evidence show beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant intentionally committed an act that placed the alleged victim in reasonable fear of immediately receiving a violent injury.
The intent to rob is a material element of aggravated assault as charged in this case. In deciding the question of [838]*838intent, you may consider all the facts and circumstances of the case as well as the character of the weapon used and the manner in which it was used, if you find that a weapon was used.
A person commits the offense of aggravated assault when that person assaults another person with a deadly weapon. To constitute such an assault, actual injury to the alleged victim need not be shown. It is only necessary that the evidence show beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant intentionally committed an act that placed the alleged victim in reasonable fear of immediately receiving a violent injury.
The [Sjtate mu[st] also prove as a material element of aggravated assault, as alleged in this case, that the assault was made with a deadly weapon.

Ford-Calhoun joined in her co-defendant’s objection to the charge for the inclusion of the method of committing “an act which placed the alleged victim in reasonable fear of immediately receiving a violent injury” because it expanded the method by which the jury could find her guilty beyond the specific method as indicted. Ford-Calhoun cites to Talton v. State,11 in support of her argument. In Taitón, however, the defendant was indicted for aggravated assault by “shooting” the victim, but the trial court specifically instructed the jury that “pointing a gun” at the victim would support a conviction for aggravated assault.12 Here, the trial court gave no such instruction.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
761 S.E.2d 388, 327 Ga. App. 835, 2014 WL 2975871, 2014 Ga. App. LEXIS 435, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ford-calhoun-v-state-gactapp-2014.