By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.
delivering the opinion.
[1.] The main and controlling question in this case is, whether the plaintiffs should have pursued their remedy, under the charter of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company, granted on the 4th day of December, 1841, or under the general Act passed by the Legislature at the same session, and only six days thereafter, to facilitate the collection of debts against incorporations, and the stockholders thereof.
The former is in these words :
“An Act to incorporate certain persons under the name and style of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company.
Whereas, David H. Mason, John D. Field, junior, James J. Field, Benjamin F. Swanton and Zelotes H. Mason, of the town of Dahlonega and county of Lumpkin, have formed themselves into a company, by the name of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company, for the purpose of tanning and manufacturing the leather into the various articles to which leather is applicable, and the dressing and manufacture of furs: and whereas, for the more conveniently carrying on the operations of said Company the said persons desire an act of incorporation :
[88]*88Section 1. Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the - same, That the said David H. Mason, John D. Field, junior, James J. Field, Benjamin F. Swanton, and Zelotes H. Mason, and such persons as may hereafter become subscribers and stockholders in said company, and their successors and assigns, shall be, aud they are hereby created and constituted a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company; and by that name shall be, and they are hereby made able and capable in law, to have, receive, purchase, possess, enjoy, and retain, to them and their successors and assigns, lands, rents, tenements, hereditaments, goods, chatties and. effects, of whatsoever kind or nature, or quality, the same may be; and the same to sell, grant, demise, alien and dispose of; to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended, in any court of law or equity, or any other place whatever; to make and have a common seal, the same to break alter or amend at their pleasure; and also to ordain, establish and put in execution, such by-laws, rules and regulations, as shall be necessary and proper for the government of said corporation: Provided, they be not repugnant to the laws and Constitution of this State or the United States; and generally to do and perform all and singular such acts, matters and things as corporations may legally do and perform, for the purpose of carrying into effect the objects of the association : Provided also, the capital stock of said Company shall not exceed one hundred,-thousand dollars; and the privileges hereby conferred shall be held and enjoyed for the term of twenty years from the passage of this act, and no longer.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority, aforesaid, That the private property of the stockholders be bound for the payment of the debts of the Company.
Sec. 3. And, be it further enacted by the authority,afore[89]*89said, That any fieri facias issued against said incorporation, may be levied and collected upon and out of the private-property of any stockholder or stockholders in said incorporation. •
Sec. 4.- And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That nothing in this corporation shall beso construed as to authorize said corporation to use and exercise Banking privileges.”
The following is the latter act:
“ An Act to facilitate the'collection of Debts against Incorporations and the Stockholders thereof.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, in General Assembly met, and it'is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That it shall and may be lawful' for plaintiffs or complainants, within one month after the institution of any suit or suits at law or equity against any incorporation, joint stock or manufacturing company, to publish once a week for four successive weeks in some public gazette of this State, notice of the commencement of said suit or suits, and said publication shall operate as notice to each stockholder in said incorporation, joint stock or manufacturing company, for the purposes hereinafter mentioned.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That when notice has been given as aforesaid, and a judgment or decree has been obtained against any incorporation, joint stock or manufacturing company, where the individual or private property of the stockholders is bound for the payment of the whole or any part of the debts of said company, execution shall first issue against the goods and chatties, lands and tenements of said company; and upon the return thereof by the proper officer,.with the entry “ no. corporate property to be found” endorsed thereon, that then, and in that case it shall be the duty of the clerk or other officer, upon application of the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, [90]*90accompanied with a certificate, as hereinafter directed to be obtained, forthwith to issue an execution against each of the said stockholders (if required) for their ratable part of the said debt and cost of suit, in proportion to their respective shares or other liabilities under their charter oí incorporation.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That it shall be the duty of the president or presiding officer, by whatever name he may be designated, upon application of the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, forthwith to give a certificate, under oath, of the names of the stockholders in said company, and the number of shares owned by each at the time of the rendition of the judgment against said company.
Sec. 4, And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if upon application by the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, to the president or presiding officer as aforesaid, he shall refuse to give a certificate as aforesaid, or shall abscond or conceal himself to avoid giving the same, and oath being made by plaintiff, his agent or attorney of said refusal, the clerk or other officer is hereby required to issue execution against said president or presiding officer as aforesaid, for the amount of principal, interest and costs of said suit.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if the president, directors or other officers of said company shall fail or refuse to defend said suit or suits, brought as aforesaid, any one or more of the stockholders of said company shall be permitted by the Court, before which said suit Or suits is pending, to plead to and defend the same in as full and ample a manner as said company in its corporate character could plead to and defend the same.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the defendant or defendants in execution, under the provisions of this act, shall be entitled to an illegality, under the same rules, regulations and restrictions as defen[91]*91dants are in other cares under the existing laws of this State.
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By the Court.
Lumpkin, J.
delivering the opinion.
[1.] The main and controlling question in this case is, whether the plaintiffs should have pursued their remedy, under the charter of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company, granted on the 4th day of December, 1841, or under the general Act passed by the Legislature at the same session, and only six days thereafter, to facilitate the collection of debts against incorporations, and the stockholders thereof.
The former is in these words :
“An Act to incorporate certain persons under the name and style of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company.
Whereas, David H. Mason, John D. Field, junior, James J. Field, Benjamin F. Swanton and Zelotes H. Mason, of the town of Dahlonega and county of Lumpkin, have formed themselves into a company, by the name of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company, for the purpose of tanning and manufacturing the leather into the various articles to which leather is applicable, and the dressing and manufacture of furs: and whereas, for the more conveniently carrying on the operations of said Company the said persons desire an act of incorporation :
[88]*88Section 1. Be it enacted, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, in General Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the - same, That the said David H. Mason, John D. Field, junior, James J. Field, Benjamin F. Swanton, and Zelotes H. Mason, and such persons as may hereafter become subscribers and stockholders in said company, and their successors and assigns, shall be, aud they are hereby created and constituted a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of the Dahlonega Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company; and by that name shall be, and they are hereby made able and capable in law, to have, receive, purchase, possess, enjoy, and retain, to them and their successors and assigns, lands, rents, tenements, hereditaments, goods, chatties and. effects, of whatsoever kind or nature, or quality, the same may be; and the same to sell, grant, demise, alien and dispose of; to sue and be sued, plead and be impleaded, answer and be answered unto, defend and be defended, in any court of law or equity, or any other place whatever; to make and have a common seal, the same to break alter or amend at their pleasure; and also to ordain, establish and put in execution, such by-laws, rules and regulations, as shall be necessary and proper for the government of said corporation: Provided, they be not repugnant to the laws and Constitution of this State or the United States; and generally to do and perform all and singular such acts, matters and things as corporations may legally do and perform, for the purpose of carrying into effect the objects of the association : Provided also, the capital stock of said Company shall not exceed one hundred,-thousand dollars; and the privileges hereby conferred shall be held and enjoyed for the term of twenty years from the passage of this act, and no longer.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority, aforesaid, That the private property of the stockholders be bound for the payment of the debts of the Company.
Sec. 3. And, be it further enacted by the authority,afore[89]*89said, That any fieri facias issued against said incorporation, may be levied and collected upon and out of the private-property of any stockholder or stockholders in said incorporation. •
Sec. 4.- And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That nothing in this corporation shall beso construed as to authorize said corporation to use and exercise Banking privileges.”
The following is the latter act:
“ An Act to facilitate the'collection of Debts against Incorporations and the Stockholders thereof.
Section 1. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the State of Georgia, in General Assembly met, and it'is hereby enacted by the authority of the same. That it shall and may be lawful' for plaintiffs or complainants, within one month after the institution of any suit or suits at law or equity against any incorporation, joint stock or manufacturing company, to publish once a week for four successive weeks in some public gazette of this State, notice of the commencement of said suit or suits, and said publication shall operate as notice to each stockholder in said incorporation, joint stock or manufacturing company, for the purposes hereinafter mentioned.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That when notice has been given as aforesaid, and a judgment or decree has been obtained against any incorporation, joint stock or manufacturing company, where the individual or private property of the stockholders is bound for the payment of the whole or any part of the debts of said company, execution shall first issue against the goods and chatties, lands and tenements of said company; and upon the return thereof by the proper officer,.with the entry “ no. corporate property to be found” endorsed thereon, that then, and in that case it shall be the duty of the clerk or other officer, upon application of the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, [90]*90accompanied with a certificate, as hereinafter directed to be obtained, forthwith to issue an execution against each of the said stockholders (if required) for their ratable part of the said debt and cost of suit, in proportion to their respective shares or other liabilities under their charter oí incorporation.
Sec. 3. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That it shall be the duty of the president or presiding officer, by whatever name he may be designated, upon application of the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, forthwith to give a certificate, under oath, of the names of the stockholders in said company, and the number of shares owned by each at the time of the rendition of the judgment against said company.
Sec. 4, And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if upon application by the plaintiff, his agent or attorney, to the president or presiding officer as aforesaid, he shall refuse to give a certificate as aforesaid, or shall abscond or conceal himself to avoid giving the same, and oath being made by plaintiff, his agent or attorney of said refusal, the clerk or other officer is hereby required to issue execution against said president or presiding officer as aforesaid, for the amount of principal, interest and costs of said suit.
Sec. 5. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That if the president, directors or other officers of said company shall fail or refuse to defend said suit or suits, brought as aforesaid, any one or more of the stockholders of said company shall be permitted by the Court, before which said suit Or suits is pending, to plead to and defend the same in as full and ample a manner as said company in its corporate character could plead to and defend the same.
Sec. 6. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That the defendant or defendants in execution, under the provisions of this act, shall be entitled to an illegality, under the same rules, regulations and restrictions as defen[91]*91dants are in other cares under the existing laws of this State.
Sec. 7. And be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, That this statute shall be understood and construed as cumulative of the common law; and that all laws and parts of laws militating against the same, and this construction thereof, be, and the same are hereby repealed.”
Did the Assembly intend by this last Act, to supersede or repeal so much of the charter of the Tanning and Leather Manufacturing Company as militated against its provisions ?
It is unreasonable to suppose that the same body of men, should at the same session and within six days, either directly or by implication, do such a thing. By the charter, the stockholders are made liable as partners; and upon a judgment rendered against the corporation only. By the general law, a pro rata liability only is created; and a very different mode is prescribed for enforcing it.
Our conclusion is, that the last act is applicable only, perhaps, and was so intended, to those incorporations which made their members individually bound, though ratably only, for the corporation debts, and which do not contain, within themselves, a summary remedy for enforcing this personal liability, and that this general statute does not repeal the special act passed at the same session, upon the same subject.
[2.] Is the defendant a stockholder, and, as such, liable in his natural and private capacity, under the charter, for the creditor’s debt ? An issue was tendered by the plaintiff and refused by the Court, to establish the fact that he was not only one of the original stockholders, but continued tobe such up to the time when the debt was contracted, and suit instituted.
That Mr. Mason was one of the original stockholders, is not denied. The act of incorporation recites the fact that the charter was granted to him and others therein named. He [92]*92made no attempt to show that he had ever transferred his stock in terms of the act of 1838, to regulate the settlements between the banking institutions of this State, and to define the liability of stockholders who shall transfer their interest therein, or other institutions.
The 2d section of that act declares that, “where the stockholders in any bank or other corporation are individually responsible under the charters thereof, and any such stockholder shall transfer his or her stock, he or she shall be exempt from all liability for the notes and contracts of such bank or other corporation, unless he or she receive written notice from any creditor thereof within six months after such transfer (in which case he or she shall not be exempt from such creditor’s claim.) Provided, such stockholder shall give notice once a month for six months, of such transfer immediately thereafter, in two newspapers in or nearest to theplace where such bank or other corporation shall keep the principal office,” Cobb 112.
Under this act it would seem, the defendant is liable as a stockholder, unless he alleges and proves that he has discharged himself according to the provisions of this statute.
[3.] As to the other point made in the bill of exceptions, as to illegality being the proper remedy, we hold that as the execution against the corporation is made to operate against the stockholder, that he is so far a party to it as to be entitled to this remedy.
Judgment reversed.