Flowers v. 73rd Townhouse, LLC

52 A.D.3d 104, 857 N.Y.S.2d 146
CourtAppellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York
DecidedMay 13, 2008
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 52 A.D.3d 104 (Flowers v. 73rd Townhouse, LLC) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of the State of New York primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Flowers v. 73rd Townhouse, LLC, 52 A.D.3d 104, 857 N.Y.S.2d 146 (N.Y. Ct. App. 2008).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

Saxe, J.

Plaintiffs contracted to purchase from defendant a townhouse on East 73rd Street in Manhattan following defendant’s custom renovation of the property. After escalating disputes relating to the renovation work, defendant served a notice of termination, and plaintiffs immediately followed with this action for specific performance of the contract of sale. For the reasons that follow, we hold that while the award of specific performance to plaintiffs was proper and should be affirmed, the matter must be remanded for a hearing on the issue of the price abatement to which plaintiffs were entitled, inasmuch as the project was admittedly only 80% to 85% complete. Plaintiffs’ entitlement to an abatement is not altered by their request for specific performance before defendant could complete the remaining construction, nor is it precluded by the substantial profit plaintiffs subsequently realized some months later on the property’s resale, which profit is, in fact, simply irrelevant to the calculation of plaintiffs’ entitlement based upon the contract at issue here.

[106]*106From a dispute resolution viewpoint, it is tempting to affirm the challenged order in its entirety, since the final result seems to resolve the matter in a manner advantageous to both parties—the developer received its full selling price (without having to complete the work), along with a right to reimbursement for the extra costs of change orders it performed, while the buyers were enabled to resell the property for a large profit. Nevertheless, our determination must focus solely on available rights and remedies under the law based upon the facts at the time of the lawsuit, rather than finding a palatable middle ground based in part upon subsequent events.

Facts

Pursuant to a contract dated January 17, 2004, plaintiffs J. Christopher Flowers and Mary H. White agreed to purchase from defendant 73rd Townhouse, LLC, a custom-renovated townhouse located at 12 East 73rd Street in Manhattan, for the price of $17 million. The parties acknowledged in the contract that the premises were then in the process of being renovated by a contractor retained by defendant, in accordance with the plans and specifications that had been prepared by defendant’s architect. While the closing date was set for July 1, 2004, the contract did not make time of the essence.

The plans and specifications incorporated in the contract left open many particulars to be selected by plaintiffs, such as certain construction materials, plumbing fixtures, railings, and finishes, as well as the design of the rear yard. The contract did not set out the parties’ understanding of the timetable in which plaintiffs were to make their contemplated selections of materials, finishes, etc., although the topic was discussed in some e-mails and letters. The most comprehensive discussion was contained in an e-mail sent by defendant’s architect on December 19, 2003—that is, while contract negotiations were still underway. It did not set any deadlines; rather, it set forth a list of items which plaintiffs were to be responsible for choosing, with dates “for which [plaintiffs] should try to shoot.” The list was divided into four categories: “urgent” requirements, which the e-mail said were to be provided by January 19, 2004, “immediate” requirements to be supplied by the week of February 2-6, “midrange” requirements which were to be provided by February 23, and “later” requirements to be supplied by the end of March 2004. On January 14, 2004, when the contract was yet unsigned, another e-mail from defendant’s architect was sent to Mary White, indicating that the deadline for [107]*107“urgent” decisions was extended to January 26; a January 29 e-mail from plaintiff Mary White indicates an understanding that this deadline for “urgent” decisions had been further extended to February 4, 2004, the date of a scheduled meeting between plaintiffs and the architect. The record contains no indication that as of the time the contract was executed, the parties agreed upon any final schedule or deadlines for the non-urgent” categories of decisions required of plaintiffs.

The contract also gives plaintiffs the right to make “reasonable adjustments and modifications” (i.e., change orders) to the existing renovation plans. However, contract paragraph 38, which covers purchaser change orders, does not set out a procedure or timetable for how such modifications to the plans would be made and agreed upon. It simply provided that the purchase price would cover change orders of up to $50,000, with plaintiffs responsible for paying the cost of any change orders charged to seller by the contractor by reason of selections made by purchaser which cost more than $50,000; those extra costs to be paid by plaintiffs to defendant within five business days of receipt of defendant’s notice of payment for the extra costs, “accompanied with the invoice from the Contractor together with any supporting documentation provided in connection therewith” (emphasis added).

Two other provisions of the contract are central to this dispute. Paragraph 34 of the contract provided that plaintiffs could be required to close even if the work was not completed, employing a procedure by which defendant’s architect would deliver to plaintiffs a certificate itemizing the remaining work and verifying either that the cost of the remaining work was no more than $35,000 or that completion had been delayed by change orders requested by plaintiffs. The closing would take place despite the incomplete construction, but defendant would deposit into an escrow account 120% of the cost of completing the remaining work. The final sentence of paragraph 34 reads:

“Notwithstanding the foregoing, Purchaser shall not be obligated to close unless the Premises is substantially complete with complete access to the interior living space and all of the appliances, plumbing, heating, electrical and other building systems in working order and all major exterior work complete, unless any delay in the foregoing is the result of a change order requested by Purchaser.”

[108]*108In contract paragraph 35, plaintiffs’ obligation to close on the sale was made subject to various conditions precedent. Even in the absence of a permanent certificate of occupancy as of the closing date, plaintiffs would remain obligated to close on such date, provided that: (i) the work had been substantially completed; (ii) the premises were reasonably determined to be in habitable condition, meaning that all major building systems were in working order; (iii) there was a valid temporary certificate of occupancy; (iv) defendant delivered to plaintiffs a copy of the most recent inspection report received from the Buildings Department, showing no material objections to the major building systems, including electrical, heating, plumbing, sewer and HVAC systems; and (v) defendant would remain responsible for obtaining the permanent certificate of occupancy, would deposit in escrow $500,000 to be held until delivery of a valid permanent certificate of occupancy, and would be subject to other penalties for excessive delay.

Between the time the contract was executed and the contract’s closing date of July 1, 2004, the renovation work proceeded. While defendant now asserts that plaintiffs failed all along to abide by the set schedule for selecting construction and design materials, the record fails to establish definite contractual deadlines for any actions on plaintiffs’ part, let alone a breach of any such deadline.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
52 A.D.3d 104, 857 N.Y.S.2d 146, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/flowers-v-73rd-townhouse-llc-nyappdiv-2008.