Flores v. State

840 S.W.2d 753, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 2795, 1992 WL 314769
Court of Appeals of Texas·Decided October 28, 1992·No. 08-91-00343-CR·Published·Cited by 11 cases

Opinion

OPINION

OSBORN, Chief Justice.

A jury convicted Hipólito Flores, Appellant, of indecency with a child and subsequently assessed punishment, as enhanced, at life imprisonment. Appellant assigns two points of error challenging the admission of other bad acts. We affirm.

Factual Background

Appellant was indicted and tried for intentionally and knowingly, with the intent to arouse and gratify his sexual desire, engaging in sexual contact by touching the genitals of a child younger than seventeen years of age. The complaining witness, a ten-year-old child, was the State’s first witness. On direct examination, the witness testified Appellant, who was the witness’s mother’s boyfriend, placed his hand inside her pants and rubbed her “private part,” unsuccessfully attempted to insert his finger in her vagina and forced her to masturbate him. This occurred while the child-victim’s mother was asleep in the same room, and Appellant terminated the episode when the mother awoke. Subsequently, the victim briefly described two other events at which Appellant similarly touched *755 her genitals when either they were alone at her home together or when the mother was in a different room. Each of the three events transpired in a short period of time without comment by the actor. She also confirmed Appellant repeated the act on numerous occasions at her house.

Analysis

In his first point of error, Appellant challenges the admission of the challenged evidence in that it allegedly violated Texas Rules of Criminal Evidence 404(b). 1 “In the face of a proper objection, evidence of other wrongful acts is not admissible to prove the character of the person to establish that he acted accordingly regarding the alleged offense.” Lazcano v. State, 836 S.W.2d 654, 657 (Tex.App.—El Paso 1992, pet. filed), citing Montgomery v. State, 810 S.W.2d 372, 386 (Tex.Crim.App.1990, on own motion for rehearing). If, however, the trial court is convinced by the proponent of the extraneous act evidence that it possesses relevance apart from the tendency to prove conforming character, the evidence is admissible pursuant to Rule 404(b). Id. 836 S.W.2d at 657. Upon such a showing, the evidence is presumed admissible under Rule 403 and is subject to exclusion only if, after a timely objection by the opponent, the trial court determines the danger of unfair prejudice substantially outweighs its probative value.

Prior to the reception of any evidence, a hearing was held outside the presence of the jury in which Appellant submitted an oral motion in limine. Appellant sought to have the trial judge instruct the State that the witnesses not refer to any extraneous offenses'prior to a hearing outside the presence of the jury to determine the admissibility of the evidence. Upon review of a copy of the complaining witness’s statement, the judge asked Appellant’s counsel whether the evidence contained therein was relevant. Appellant’s counsel responded, “No doubt about it that it is relevant, Your Honor, under the rules, but it is prejudicial.” After the hearing was completed, the State made its opening statement and began to present its case-in-chief. As the first witness, the complainant testified as delineated above. Appellant did not raise any objection at the time the evidence was introduced; thus, no error is preserved as to relevance. Moreover, Appellant’s counsel’s concession that the evidence was “relevant” amounts to an explicit waiver as to the potential, if any, for the evidence to prove only conforming character. 2 Consequently, we overrule Point of Error No. One.

Point of Error No. Two asserts the trial court erred in admitting the extraneous offense evidence in that its probative value was allegedly substantially outweighed by its prejudicial effect. After Appellant, during the trial court’s hearing on his motion in limine, conceded relevance and waived any Rule 404(b) error, Appellant recorded an “objection” under Rule 403 which was overruled. While an accused need not object to evidence which was subject to a pretrial motion to suppress which was denied, 3 neither the granting nor denial of a motion in limine preserves error for appellate review. Webb v. State, 760 S.W.2d 263, 275 (Tex.Crim.App.1988), ce rt. denied, 491 U.S. 910, 109 S.Ct. 3202, 105 L.Ed.2d 709 (1989); Hernandez v. State, 825 S.W.2d 765, 770 (Tex.App.—El Paso 1992, no pet.). The record does not contain a motion to suppress. From the face of the record, the trial judge’s subsequent ruling to Appellant’s “objection” appears to be no more than a denial of Appellant’s motion in limine.

However, the nature of the hearing, as it evolved, became comparable to a trial court’s review of a suppression motion. As a result, we conclude the practical effect of *756 the “objection” sufficed to preserve the alleged error as a denial of a motion to suppress. 4 See Wyle, 111 S.W.2d at 715 n. 5. Had our conclusion been to the contrary, we would be compelled to conclude Appellant failed to preserve any error due to his failure to object to the testimony at the earliest opportunity when the evidence was proffered. Johnson v. State, 803 S.W.2d 272, 291 (Tex.Crim.App.1990), cert. denied, — U.S. —, 111 S.Ct. 2914, 115 L.Ed.2d 1078 (1991), overruled on other grounds, Heitman v. State, 815 S.W.2d 681, 682, 690 (Tex.Crim.App.1991). 5 Since we conclude Appellant preserved error on the Rule 403 balancing of probative value versus prejudicial effect, we will address the merits of the point.

Neither party shoulders the burden to convince the trial court regarding the proper balance of the negative prejudicial attributes of the extraneous act evidence versus the probative value. Instead, it is the duty of the trial court to inquire of the opponent what prejudice exists and of the proponent for what purpose the evidence is to be used. Montgomery, 810 S.W.2d at 389. If the opponent timely objects on Rule 403 grounds, the trial judge must engage the necessary balancing test and has no discretion to fail to do so. Id. On appeal, we are instructed to afford deference to the trial court’s judgment based upon the “relevant criteria” by which a Rule 403 decision is to be made. 6 However, an appellate court is precluded from affording such deference if the record fails to, at a minimum, illustrate a stream of consciousness by the trial judge from which the decision was made.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Flores v. State, 840 S.W.2d 753, 1992 Tex. App. LEXIS 2795, 1992 WL 314769 (Tex. Ct. App. 1992).

840 S.W.2d 753 (Flores v. State) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

Stanley Gerald Champ v. the State of Texas
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2024
Travis Massingill v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2016
Loay Abdllah Daraghmeh v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2014
in the Matter of T. S. H., a Juvenile
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2003
Valeriano, Luis Ernesto v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2003
Cedano, Victor Santana v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 2002
Colvin v. State
54 S.W.3d 82 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2001)
Howland v. State
966 S.W.2d 98 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1998)
Willie Edward Warner v. State
Court of Appeals of Texas, 1994
Waddell v. State
873 S.W.2d 130 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1994)