FiveCap v. NLRB

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided June 28, 2002·No. 01-1058·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

),9(&$3 ,1& ;  3HWLWLRQHU &URVV5HVSRQGHQW   1RV     !   Y   1$7,21$/ /$%25 5(/$7,216  %2$5'  5HVSRQGHQW   &URVV3HWLWLRQHU     1 2Q3HWLWLRQVIRU5HYLHZDQG&URVV$SSOLFDWLRQIRU (QIRUFHPHQWRI2UGHUV RIWKH1DWLRQDO/DERU5HODWLRQV%RDUG 1RV&$&$ $UJXHG$SULO 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHGsXQH %HIRUH0$57,1&KLHI&LUFXLWsXGJH&2/(&LUFXLW sXGJH6+$53'LVWULFWsXGJH

7KH +RQRUDEOH * .HQGDOO 6KDUS 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH 0LGGOH 'LVWULFW RI )ORULGD VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  )LYH&$3,QFY1/5% 1RV 1RV )LYH&$3,QFY1/5%   

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB FRQFOXVLRQWKDW)LYH&$3KDVYLRODWHGWKLVVHFWLRQE\IDLOLQJ WREDUJDLQZLWKWKH8QLRQSULRUWRLQVWLWXWLQJWKHVHFKDQJHV &2816(/ ,,,8QFRQWHVWHG9LRODWLRQV $5*8('  5LFKDUG ' 0F1XOW\ &2+/ 672.(5 726.(< /DQVLQJ 0LFKLJDQ IRU 3HWLWLRQHU  sLOO *ULIILQ )LYH&$3 GRHV QRW DSSHDO QRU FKDOOHQJH WKH %RDUGjV 1$7,21$//$%255(/$7,216%2$5'2)),&(2) FRQFOXVLRQV UHJDUGLQJ D QXPEHU RI YLRODWLRQV RI 6HFWLRQV 7+( *(1(5$/ &2816(/ :DVKLQJWRQ '& 'HLUGUH  D    D   DQG  D    7KHUHIRUH )LYH&$3 KDV )LW]SDWULFN 1$7,21$/ /$%25 5(/$7,216 %2$5' HVVHQWLDOO\mDGPLWWHGWKHWUXWKRIWKRVHILQGLQJVl1/5%Y $33(//$7( &2857 %5$1&+ :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU *HQ)DEULFDWLRQV&RUS)G WK&LU 5HVSRQGHQW  21 %5,()  5LFKDUG ' 0F1XOW\ &2+/ TXRWLQJ 1/5% Y .HQWXFN\ 0D\ &RDO &R  )G  672.(5 726.(</DQVLQJ0LFKLJDQIRU3HWLWLRQHUsLOO  WK&LU 7KLVFRXUWLVREOLJHGWRVXPPDULO\ *ULIILQ 1$7,21$/ /$%25 5(/$7,216 %2$5' HQIRUFH WKH %RDUGjV RUGHU DV WR WKRVH ILQGLQJV 6HH *HQ 2)),&(2)7+(*(1(5$/&2816(/:DVKLQJWRQ'& )DEULFDWLRQV&RUS)GDW1/5%Y$XWRGLH,QWjO 'HLUGUH )LW]SDWULFN $LOHHQ $ $UPVWURQJ &KDUOHV 3 ,QF)G WK&LU  'RQQHOO\sU1$7,21$//$%255(/$7,216%2$5' $33(//$7( &2857 %5$1&+ :DVKLQJWRQ '& &RQFOXVLRQ 0HUHGLWK / sDVRQ 1$7,21$/ /$%25 5(/$7,216 %2$5':DVKLQJWRQ'&IRU5HVSRQGHQW )RU WKH DIRUHPHQWLRQHG UHDVRQV ZH (1)25&( WKH %RDUGjVRUGHUVH[FHSWDVWRLWVGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIWKHOD\RIIRI BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB $UW%XUNHOIURP$XJXVWXQWLO$XJXVW 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 5 *8< &2/( s5 &LUFXLW sXGJH  7KLV FDVH LQYROYHV HYHQWV DULVLQJ RXW RI D XQLRQ RUJDQL]LQJ FDPSDLJQ E\ WKH *HQHUDO7HDPVWHUV/RFDO1R mWKH8QLRQl DW)LYH&$3 ,QF m)LYH&$3l  D QRQSURILW FRUSRUDWLRQ  7KH 1DWLRQDO /DERU5HODWLRQV%RDUG m1/5%lRUmWKH%RDUGl SHWLWLRQVIRU HQIRUFHPHQWRIWZRRUGHUVDJDLQVW)LYH&$3)LUVWWKH1/5% VHHNVHQIRUFHPHQWRIDQ$XJXVW'HFLVLRQDQG2UGHU ILQGLQJ WKDW )LYH&$3 HQJDJHG LQ DQWLXQLRQ DFWLYLW\ LQ YLRODWLRQRI6HFWLRQV D   D   D  DQG D  RI WKH 1DWLRQDO /DERU 5HODWLRQV $FW m1/5$l RU mWKH $FWl ZKLFKFRUUHVSRQGWR6HFWLRQV D   D   D   DQG D  RI7LWOHRIWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV&RGH 6HFRQG WKH 1/5% VHHNV HQIRUFHPHQW RI DQ 2FWREHU   'HFLVLRQDQG2UGHUILQGLQJWKDW)LYH&$3FRPPLWWHGIXUWKHU YLRODWLRQVXQGHU6HFWLRQV D   D   D  DQG D   )LYH&$3,QFY1/5% 1RV 1RV )LYH&$3,QFY1/5%   

8QGHU D )LUVW 1DWj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mFRQGLWLRQV RI HPSOR\PHQWl DQG 0LFKLJDQ  ,Q SDUWLFXODU )LYH&$3 PDLQWDLQV DQ HQHUJ\ IXQGDPHQWDOEXVLQHVVFKDQJHVLVDIDLUO\EROGRQH,QJHQHUDO DVVLVWDQFHSURJUDPDOVRFDOOHGDmZHDWKHUL]DWLRQlSURJUDP m>D@JXLGHOLQHWRIROORZLVZKHWKHUUHTXLULQJEDUJDLQLQJ +HDG 6WDUW HGXFDWLRQDO DVVLVWDQFH SURJUDPV KRXVLQJ RYHUWKLVVRUWRIGHFLVLRQZLOODGYDQFHWKHQHXWUDOSXUSRVHVRI SURJUDPV DQG PHDO DVVLVWDQFH SURJUDPV  0DU\ 7UXFNV WKH$FWQDPHO\SURPRWLRQRIODERUPDQDJHPHQWUHODWLRQVDQG m7UXFNVl VHUYHVDV)LYH&$3jVH[HFXWLYHGLUHFWRUDQGZRUNV WKHFROOHFWLYHEDUJDLQLQJSURFHVVZLWKRXWXQGXO\EXUGHQLQJ LQ)LYH&$3jVSULQFLSDORIILFHLQ6FRWWVYLOOH0LFKLJDQ,Q PDQDJHPHQW VULJKWIUHHO\WRFKRRVHWKHEDVLFGLUHFWLRQRID WKH SDVW 7UXFNV KDV RSHQO\ RSSRVHG WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ RI FRUSRUDWHHQWHUSULVHl,GDW TXRWLQJ)LUVW1DWjO )LYH&$3HPSOR\HHVE\XQLRQV 86DWDQG)LEUHERDUG3DSHU3URGV&RUSY1/5% 86   6WHZDUWsFRQFXUULQJ 'HIHUULQJWR )LYH&$3 UHFHLYHV IHGHUDO IXQGLQJ IURP WKH &RPPXQLW\ WKH %RDUGjV IDFWXDO ILQGLQJ WKDW WKH FKDQJHV PDGH E\ 6HUYLFHV%ORFN*UDQW$FW m&6%*l 6HH86&†† )LYH&$3ZHUHQRWIXQGDPHQWDORSHUDWLRQDOFKDQJHVZHILQG   3XUVXDQW WR WKH &6%* DQG DQDORJRXV 0LFKLJDQ ODZ WKDW WKHVH FKDQJHV GLG QRW DOWHU WKH GLUHFWLRQ RU VFRSH RI )LYH&$3 LV UHTXLUHG WR PDLQWDLQ D WULSDUWLWH ERDUG RI )LYH&$3jVmEXVLQHVVlDVUHTXLUHGXQGHU)LUVW1DWjO,QGHHG GLUHFWRUVRQHWKLUGRILWVPHPEHUVDUHHOHFWHGSXEOLFRIILFLDOV WKHGHFLVLRQWRSXUFKDVHDFRPPRQFRPSXWHUQHWZRUNZKLOH RUWKHLUUHSUHVHQWDWLYHVRQHWKLUGDUHVHOHFWHGIURPWKHSULYDWH SHUKDSV FDXVLQJ FKDQJHV WR DVSHFWV RI )LYH&$3jV VHFWRUDQGRQHWKLUGDUHmSHUVRQVFKRVHQLQDFFRUGDQFHZLWK LQIUDVWUXFWXUHFDQQRWEHFRQVLGHUHGWRDOWHUWKHVHUYLFHVDQG GHPRFUDWLFVHOHFWLRQSURFHGXUHVDGHTXDWHWRDVVXUHWKDW>WKH\@ FDSDELOLWLHV RI )LYH&$3 IURP D EXVLQHVV SHUVSHFWLYH DUHUHSUHVHQWDWLYHRIORZLQFRPHLQGLYLGXDOVDQGIDPLOLHVLQ 6LPLODUO\ WKH GHFLVLRQ WR FRQVROLGDWH WKUHH +HDG 6WDUW WKHQHLJKERUKRRGVHUYHGl86&†$VWRWKLVWKLUG FODVVURRPV LQWR WZR OLNHZLVH GRHV QRW HIIHFW WKH W\SH RI DOWHUDWLRQ UHTXLUHG E\ )LUVW 1DWjO  ,QGHHG QRWKLQJ LQ WKH  UHFRUGVXJJHVWVWKDWWKHVHFKDQJHVZHUHUHODWHGWRDSDUWLDO $00 0LFK &RPS /DZV †   m2QHWKLUG RI WKH PHPEHUV VKXW GRZQ RI )LYH&$3jV RSHUDWLRQV RU VRPH IXQGDPHQWDO VKDOO EH ORZ LQFRPH HOGHUO\ RU FRQVXPHUV ZLWK GLVDELOLWLHV UHVLGLQJ LQ WKH

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

FiveCap v. NLRB, (6th Cir. 2002).

FiveCap v. NLRB (FiveCap v. NLRB) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.