Fitz Simon, Inc. v. JHG, Inc.

2019 Ohio 1125

• Court: Ohio Court of Appeals
• Decided: March 28, 2019
• Docket: 107264
• Status: Published

Opinion

[Cite as Fitz Simon, Inc. v. JHG, Inc. , 2019-Ohio-1125.]

Court of Appeals of Ohio EIGHTH APPELLATE DISTRICT COUNTY OF CUYAHOGA

JOURNAL ENTRY AND OPINION No. 107264

FITZ SIMON, INC.

PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE

vs.

JHG, INC., ET AL.

DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS

JUDGMENT: AFFIRMED

Civil Appeal from the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas Case No. CV-17-878875

BEFORE: Laster Mays, P.J., E.A. Gallagher, J., and Sheehan, J.

RELEASED AND JOURNALIZED: March 28, 2019 -i- ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANTS

James L. Miller Buckley King, L.P.A. 1400 Fifth Third Center 600 Superior Avenue East Cleveland, Ohio 44114

ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE

Henry J. Geha John A. Borell Anthony L. Hunter Marshall & Melhorn, L.L.C. Four Seagate, 8th Floor Toledo, Ohio 43604

ANITA LASTER MAYS, P.J.:

{¶1} Defendants-appellants JHG, Inc., an Ohio corporation (“JHG”), Jedfrey Greene

(“Jed Greene”), and Joshua Greene (“Josh Greene”) (collectively “appellants”) appeal the trial

court’s grant of summary judgment in favor of plaintiff-appellee Fitz Simon, Inc., an Ohio

corporation (“Fitz”) for breach of a promissory note against JHG, and breach by Jed Greene and

Josh Greene of the note and the guaranty. The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

I. Background and Facts

{¶2} On May 1, 2013, JHG executed and delivered to Fitz, a term note for $525,000.

The note provided for equal monthly payments of $7,087.16 beginning June 1, 2013, with a final

balloon payment of all outstanding principal and interest on June 1, 2018.

{¶3} The note was “issued in conjunction with a security agreement between the borrower [JHG] and the creditor [Fitz].”

The note, security agreement and the other agreements and documents executed and/or delivered in connection therewith or referred to therein, the terms of which are incorporated herein by reference (as amended, modified or renewed from time to time, collectively the “Loan Documents”), and is secured by the property (if any) described in the Loan Documents and by such other collateral as previously may have been or may in the future be granted to the Creditor to secure this Note.

Note, ¶ 4. The note was executed by Josh Greene as president of JHG. Also on May 1, 2013, a

guaranty agreement was executed by Jed Greene and Josh Greene jointly, severally, and

unconditionally guaranteeing payment of the note as primary obligors.

{¶4} On February 20, 2017, Fitz issued a notification of default of the note and the

guaranty to appellants. The notice advised that JHG failed to make timely payments from

October 2016 through February 2017. Fitz accelerated the note and demanded $290,935.53 plus

late fees and interest. On April 13, 2017, Fitz filed suit against appellants.

{¶5} On May 12, 2017, appellants filed an answer generally denying the claims.

Affirmative defenses included failure to join a necessary party. To that end, on May 23, 2017,

appellants filed a motion to join Bar 145 Franchising, L.L.C. (“Bar 145”) as a counter-defendant.

Appellants argued that, rather than a stand-alone financial transaction, the note and guaranty

were components of a larger transaction that must be factored into the decision in this case.

{¶6} On May 1, 2013, the same date that the note and guaranty were executed, JHG

purchased a franchise restaurant located in Kent, Ohio (“Kent Franchise”) from Fitz and Bar 145.

The note and the guaranty are components of that transaction. As a result, appellants assert that

they are entitled to advance the defenses available under the Ohio Business Opportunity Plans

Act, R.C. 1334 (“BOPA”).

{¶7} Specifically, appellants seek the protection of R.C. 1334.11 that provides: a purchaser who executes an agreement selling or leasing to him a business opportunity plan or a note in connection with such an agreement may assert as a defense to a claim by a holder in due course, as defined in section 1303.32 of the Revised Code, any defense that the purchaser may assert against the seller of the business opportunity plan.

{¶8} On May 26, 2017, Fitz filed a motion for summary judgment that was held in

abeyance by the trial court. On July 7, 2017, the trial court denied the joinder motion, holding

that “[b]efore joining an additional party as a counterclaim defendant, a counterclaim must be

asserted.” Journal entry No. 99590169 (July 7, 2017), citing Sippola v. Kennedy, 8th Dist.

Cuyahoga No. 77156, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 4301 (Sept. 21, 2000).

{¶9} On October 30, 2017, appellants filed an amended answer and counterclaim

attaching the franchise documents. The counterclaims were based on the affiliate relationship

and joint efforts of Fitz and Bar 145 to market and sell the Kent Franchise to appellants. The

counterclaims were for failure to comply with the five-day cancellation notice provisions under

BOPA sections R.C. 1334.05 and 1334.06. That failure, appellants argued, entitled them to

relief under R.C. 1334.09, which states that a failure to comply with R.C. 1334.01 through

1334.15 entitles a purchaser to rescission of the agreement and damages. Appellants requested a

declaratory judgment to that end.

{¶10} In addition to the franchise disclosure documents, appellants attached a copy of the

franchise agreement and the purchase agreement. The purchase agreement is between JHG as

the purchaser, and Fitz and Bar 145, collectively as the seller. Bar 145 owned the franchising

rights, and Fitz owned and operated assets of the business such as the equipment, tables, chairs,

signage, lease interest, and liquor license. Fitz opposed the joinder.

{¶11} On November 27, 2017, Fitz filed a motion to dismiss the counterclaims. Fitz did

not deny that Bar 145 was an affiliated entity, and Fitz admitted that it was a prior owner of the Kent Franchise. Fitz argued that it was not a party to the disclosure and franchise agreement so

BOPA did not apply.

{¶12} On March 23, 2018, appellants filed a response to the motion for summary

judgment. On March 30, 2018, the trial court dismissed the counterclaims for failure to state a

claim upon which relief may be granted. The trial court held that Fitz “is an affiliate, and is

neither a seller/franchisor nor broker under BOPA.” Journal entry No. 103185302 (Mar. 30,

2018), p. 2.

{¶13} On May 3, 2018, the trial court granted the motion for summary judgment on

the note and the guaranty. Appellants filed the instant appeal.

II. Assigned Error and Analysis

A. Standard of Review

{¶14} Appellants’ single assigned error asserts that the trial court erred in granting the

motion for summary judgment. This court finds that the error

lacks merit.

{¶15} We review a trial court’s entry of summary judgment de novo, using the same

standard as the trial court. Grafton v. Ohio Edison Co., 77 Ohio St.3d 102, 105, 671 N.E.2d 241

(1996). Summary judgment may only be granted when the following are established: (1) there

is no genuine issue as to any material fact; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a

matter of law; and (3) that reasonable minds can come to but one conclusion, and the conclusion

is adverse to the party against whom the motion for summary judgment is made, who is entitled

to have the evidence construed most strongly in its favor. Harless v. Willis Day Warehousing

Co., 54 Ohio St.2d 64, 66, 375 N.E.2d 46 (1978); Civ.R. 56(C). {¶16} The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of apprising the

trial court of the basis of its motion and identifying those portions of the record that demonstrate

the absence of a genuine issue of fact on an essential element of the nonmoving party’s claim.

Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio St.3d 280, 293, 662 N.E.2d 264 (1996). “Once the moving party

meets its burden, the burden shifts to the nonmoving party to set forth specific facts

demonstrating a genuine issue of material fact exists.” Willow Grove, Ltd. v. Olmsted Twp.,

2015-Ohio-2702, 38 N.E.3d 1133 (8th Dist.), citing Dresher at id. “To satisfy this burden, the

nonmoving party must submit evidentiary materials showing a genuine dispute over material

facts.” Willow Grove at ¶ 15, citing PNC Bank v. Bhandari, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1335,

2013-Ohio-2477.

B. Discussion

{¶17} Appellants argue that genuine issues of material fact exist because the BOPA

violations asserted in the amended answer and counterclaim were never addressed in Fitz’s

motion for summary judgment. The record reflects that the trial court denied appellants’ motion

to join Bar 145 as an additional counterclaim defendant because a pending counterclaim was a

prerequisite to granting the motion. Journal entry No. 99590169 (July 7, 2017), citing Sippola,

8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 77156, 2000 Ohio App. LEXIS 4301.

{¶18} Appellants then amended their answer and filed the BOPA counterclaim against

Fitz only. Several days after appellants filed their opposition to summary judgment, the trial

court determined that BOPA did not apply to Fitz because Fitz was not a seller as defined by

BOPA:

(A) “Seller” means a person who sells or leases a business opportunity plan. (B) “Purchaser” means a person to whom a business opportunity plan is sold or leased. (C) “Broker” means a person, other than a seller, who sells or leases, offers for sale or lease, or arranges for the sale or lease of a business opportunity plan for a commission, fee, or anything of value. The Court finds that plaintiff Fitz Simon, Inc. is an affiliate, and is neither a seller/franchisor nor broker under BOPA.

Journal entry No. 103185302 (Mar. 30, 2018). The final judgment entry in this case also notes

that “pursuant to this court’s 3/30/18 judgment entry, defendants’ counterclaims were

dismissed.” Journal entry No. 103661230 (May 3, 2018).

{¶19} The two counts of the complaint in this case charged breach of the note by JHG

and breach of the guaranty by Josh Greene and Jed Greene. The breach of the note and guaranty

is governed by contract law. Fitz was required to establish that a contract existed, Fitz

performed its part of the contract, appellants breached the contract, and Fitz was damaged as a

result. Chattree v. Chattree, 8th Dist. Cuyahoga No. 95051, 2011-Ohio-1925, ¶ 19, citing

Jarupan v. Hanna, 173 Ohio App.3d 284, 2007-Ohio-5081, 878 N.E.2d 66, ¶ 18 (10th Dist.).

{¶20} Fitz presented executed copies of the note and the guaranty, as well as a copy of

the notice of default and demand for payment in support of its motion to suppress. The motion

was also accompanied by an affidavit from the president of Fitz setting forth the facts supporting

the requisite elements for a contract claim. Fitz established a prima facie case for breach of

contract for the note and the guaranty, shifting the burden to appellants under Civ.R. 56 to

“submit evidentiary materials showing a genuine dispute over material facts.” Willow Grove,

2015-Ohio-2702, 38 N.E.3d 1133, at ¶ 15, citing PNC Bank, 6th Dist. Lucas No. L-12-1335,

{¶21} Appellants did not challenge the validity of the note and the guaranty in their

reply. Instead, appellants relied solely on their asserted entitlement to a BOPA defense as a genuine issue of material fact. Appellants failed to support their response with an affidavit or

other evidentiary materials.

“The non-moving party must produce more than a mere scintilla of evidence to support his claims. Anderson [v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242,] 252, [106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986).] Furthermore, if the moving party has demonstrated that the non-moving party’s claim is factually implausible, then the non-moving party must produce more persuasive evidence to support his claim. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., Ltd. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 587, 106 S.Ct. 1348, 89 L.Ed.2d 538 (1986).”

Burke v. Giant Eagle, Inc., 2017-Ohio-4305, 91 N.E.3d 1245, ¶ 6 (8th Dist.), quoting Paul v.

Uniroyal Plastics Co., 62 Ohio App.3d 277, 282, 575 N.E.2d 484 (6th Dist.1988).

{¶22} “If one’s case is supported only by a ‘scintilla’ of evidence, or if his evidence is

‘merely colorable’ or not ‘significantly probative,’ summary judgment should be entered.”

Buckeye Union Ins. Co. v. Consol. Stores Corp., 68 Ohio App.3d 19, 22, 587 N.E.2d 391 (10th

Dist.1990). This court finds that, construing the evidence most strongly in appellants’ favor,

appellants have failed to demonstrate the existence of a genuine issue of material fact. The trial

court’s grant of summary judgment to Fitz as a matter of law is affirmed.

{¶23} The trial court’s judgment is affirmed.

It is ordered that appellee recover from appellants costs herein taxed.

The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal.

It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the common pleas

court to carry this judgment into execution.

A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the

Rules of Appellate Procedure.

___________________________________________ ANITA LASTER MAYS, PRESIDING JUDGE

EILEEN A. GALLAGHER, J., and MICHELLE J. SHEEHAN, J., CONCUR