This opinion was filed for record IN CLERKS OFFICE at s·-oc?'eml\ on S2pt;;.,3 ,:;rols SUPReME COURT, STATE OF WASHINGTON
DATE SEP 0 3 20151 --nra.~ {!' .. CHIEF JUST/ Ronald R. Carpenter ~eme Court Clerk r'
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
FILMORE LLLP, a Washington ) limited liability limited partnership, ) ) Respondent, ) No. 90879-6 ) v. ) EnBanc ) UNIT OWNERS ASSOCIATION OF ) CENTRE POINTE CONDOMINIUM, a ) Washington nonprofit miscellaneous ) corporation, ) ) ) Filed SEP 0 3 2015 Petitioner. ) ____________________________ ) GONZALEZ, J.-We are asked whether amending a particular condominium
declaration to provide that only a certain percentage of condominium units may be
leased is an amendment that changes "the uses to which any unit is restricted," which
requires special supermajority approval under RCW 64.34.264( 4) and the declaration.
We find that the amendment does change "the uses to which any unit is restricted"
under this particular declaration because the declaration provides that leasing is a use,
and, therefore, special supermajority approval was required for the amendment. Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass 'n of Ctr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
Because the amendment did not receive the required special supermajority approval,
we find that the amendment is not valid and affirm the courts below.
FACTS
Centre Pointe Condominium is a residential condominium complex in
Bellingham, Washington. The Unit Owners Association of Centre Pointe
Condominium (Centre Pointe) was formed in May 2003 by a declaration of
condominium (Declaration) recorded in Whatcom County.
The Washington Condominium Act (WCA), chapter 64.34 RCW, governs
condominium complexes created after July 1, 1990. Shorewood W. Condo. Ass'n v.
Sadri, 140 Wn.2d 47, 49, 52, 992 P.2d 1008 (2000) (citing RCW 64.34.010). Under
RCW 64.34.264(1 ), a condominium declaration may be amended by the vote or
agreement of owners to which at least 67 percent of the votes are allocated. RCW
64.34.264(4), however, provides an exception to that general rule, requiring the vote
or agreement of the owner of each unit particularly affected and the owners of units to
which at least 90 percent of the votes are allocated for an amendment that "may create
or increase special declarant rights, increase the number of units, change the
boundaries of any unit, the allocated interests of a unit, or the uses to which any unit is
restricted." (Emphasis added.)
The Declaration mirrors the WCA scheme and language. Section 17.1 of the
Declaration provides that a 67 percent vote is generally sufficient to amend the
Declaration, in line with RCW 64.34.264(1). Clerk's Papers (CP) at 68. Section 17.3
2 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass 'n of Ctr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
mirrors RCW 64.34.264(4), requiring "the vote or agreement of the Owner of each
Unit particularly affected and his or her Mortgagee and the Owners of Units to which
at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes in the Association are allocated" for certain
changes, including any change to "the uses to which any Unit is restricted." I d. at 69.
Although RCW 64.34.264(1) and (4) establish the minimum voting percentage
required for certain declaration amendments, the declaration itself can provide for
higher percentages. See RCW 64.34.264(1 ).
A clubhouse and three residential buildings with 97 units of the Centre Pointe
complex were built prior to 2011. In May 2011, Filmore LLP bought an unfinished
portion of the Centre Pointe complex and all related development and special
declarant rights. Filmore's property is part of the Centre Point complex and subject to
its Declaration. Section 9 .1.14 of the Declaration provides that there is "no restriction
on the right of any Unit Owner to lease his or her Unit" other than the restrictions
described in section 9.1.14. CP at 55. Nothing in section 9.1.14limits the number of
units that may be leased.
In October 2011, owners of Centre Pointe units to which at least 67 percent
(but less than 90 percent) of the votes in Centre Pointe were allocated approved the
12th amendment to the Declaration, requiring that no more than 30 percent of the total
number of units could be leased. In October 2012, Filmore filed a complaint in
Whatcom County Superior Court alleging that the Declaration's Twelfth Amendment
violated RCW 64.34.264(4) and section 17.3 of the Declaration because the 12th
3 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass'n ofCtr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
amendment was not passed with 90 percent of the eligible votes, requesting that the
12th amendment be found void and unenforceable. The trial court granted CR 56
summary judgment in favor of Filmore on February 8, 2013, finding that the 12th
amendment is void because it was not passed with 90 percent of the eligible votes.
The Court of Appeals agreed in a published opinion. Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners
Ass 'n of Centre Pointe Condo., 183 Wn. App. 328, 331 P.3d 498 (2014). We granted
Centre Pointe's petition for review. Order No. 90879-6 (Wash. Mar. 4, 2015).
ANALYSIS
Our review is de novo. Jones v. Allstate Ins. Co., 146 Wn.2d 291, 300, 45 P.3d
1068 (2002) (de novo review of summary judgment orders) (citing Lybbert v. Grant
County, 141 Wn.2d 29, 34, 1 P.3d 1124 (2000)); State v. Wentz, 149 Wn.2d 342, 346,
68 P .3d 282 (2003) (de novo review of statutory interpretation) (citing City ofPasco
v. Pub. Emp 't Relations Comm 'n, 119 Wn.2d 504, 507, 833 P.2d 381 (1992)).
Additionally,
[a] condominium declaration is like a deed, the review of which is a mixed question of law and fact. Roeder Co. v. Burlington N., Inc., 105 Wn.2d 567, 571-72,716 P.2d 855 (1986) (citing Veach v. Culp, 92 Wn.2d 570, 573, 599 P.2d 526 (1979)). The factual issue is the declarant's intent, which we discern from the face of the declaration. See id. The declaration's legal consequences are questions of law, which we review de novo.
Lake v. WoodcreekHomeowners Ass'n, 169 Wn.2d 516,526,243 P.3d 1283 (2010).
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This opinion was filed for record IN CLERKS OFFICE at s·-oc?'eml\ on S2pt;;.,3 ,:;rols SUPReME COURT, STATE OF WASHINGTON
DATE SEP 0 3 20151 --nra.~ {!' .. CHIEF JUST/ Ronald R. Carpenter ~eme Court Clerk r'
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
FILMORE LLLP, a Washington ) limited liability limited partnership, ) ) Respondent, ) No. 90879-6 ) v. ) EnBanc ) UNIT OWNERS ASSOCIATION OF ) CENTRE POINTE CONDOMINIUM, a ) Washington nonprofit miscellaneous ) corporation, ) ) ) Filed SEP 0 3 2015 Petitioner. ) ____________________________ ) GONZALEZ, J.-We are asked whether amending a particular condominium
declaration to provide that only a certain percentage of condominium units may be
leased is an amendment that changes "the uses to which any unit is restricted," which
requires special supermajority approval under RCW 64.34.264( 4) and the declaration.
We find that the amendment does change "the uses to which any unit is restricted"
under this particular declaration because the declaration provides that leasing is a use,
and, therefore, special supermajority approval was required for the amendment. Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass 'n of Ctr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
Because the amendment did not receive the required special supermajority approval,
we find that the amendment is not valid and affirm the courts below.
FACTS
Centre Pointe Condominium is a residential condominium complex in
Bellingham, Washington. The Unit Owners Association of Centre Pointe
Condominium (Centre Pointe) was formed in May 2003 by a declaration of
condominium (Declaration) recorded in Whatcom County.
The Washington Condominium Act (WCA), chapter 64.34 RCW, governs
condominium complexes created after July 1, 1990. Shorewood W. Condo. Ass'n v.
Sadri, 140 Wn.2d 47, 49, 52, 992 P.2d 1008 (2000) (citing RCW 64.34.010). Under
RCW 64.34.264(1 ), a condominium declaration may be amended by the vote or
agreement of owners to which at least 67 percent of the votes are allocated. RCW
64.34.264(4), however, provides an exception to that general rule, requiring the vote
or agreement of the owner of each unit particularly affected and the owners of units to
which at least 90 percent of the votes are allocated for an amendment that "may create
or increase special declarant rights, increase the number of units, change the
boundaries of any unit, the allocated interests of a unit, or the uses to which any unit is
restricted." (Emphasis added.)
The Declaration mirrors the WCA scheme and language. Section 17.1 of the
Declaration provides that a 67 percent vote is generally sufficient to amend the
Declaration, in line with RCW 64.34.264(1). Clerk's Papers (CP) at 68. Section 17.3
2 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass 'n of Ctr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
mirrors RCW 64.34.264(4), requiring "the vote or agreement of the Owner of each
Unit particularly affected and his or her Mortgagee and the Owners of Units to which
at least ninety percent (90%) of the votes in the Association are allocated" for certain
changes, including any change to "the uses to which any Unit is restricted." I d. at 69.
Although RCW 64.34.264(1) and (4) establish the minimum voting percentage
required for certain declaration amendments, the declaration itself can provide for
higher percentages. See RCW 64.34.264(1 ).
A clubhouse and three residential buildings with 97 units of the Centre Pointe
complex were built prior to 2011. In May 2011, Filmore LLP bought an unfinished
portion of the Centre Pointe complex and all related development and special
declarant rights. Filmore's property is part of the Centre Point complex and subject to
its Declaration. Section 9 .1.14 of the Declaration provides that there is "no restriction
on the right of any Unit Owner to lease his or her Unit" other than the restrictions
described in section 9.1.14. CP at 55. Nothing in section 9.1.14limits the number of
units that may be leased.
In October 2011, owners of Centre Pointe units to which at least 67 percent
(but less than 90 percent) of the votes in Centre Pointe were allocated approved the
12th amendment to the Declaration, requiring that no more than 30 percent of the total
number of units could be leased. In October 2012, Filmore filed a complaint in
Whatcom County Superior Court alleging that the Declaration's Twelfth Amendment
violated RCW 64.34.264(4) and section 17.3 of the Declaration because the 12th
3 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass'n ofCtr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
amendment was not passed with 90 percent of the eligible votes, requesting that the
12th amendment be found void and unenforceable. The trial court granted CR 56
summary judgment in favor of Filmore on February 8, 2013, finding that the 12th
amendment is void because it was not passed with 90 percent of the eligible votes.
The Court of Appeals agreed in a published opinion. Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners
Ass 'n of Centre Pointe Condo., 183 Wn. App. 328, 331 P.3d 498 (2014). We granted
Centre Pointe's petition for review. Order No. 90879-6 (Wash. Mar. 4, 2015).
ANALYSIS
Our review is de novo. Jones v. Allstate Ins. Co., 146 Wn.2d 291, 300, 45 P.3d
1068 (2002) (de novo review of summary judgment orders) (citing Lybbert v. Grant
County, 141 Wn.2d 29, 34, 1 P.3d 1124 (2000)); State v. Wentz, 149 Wn.2d 342, 346,
68 P .3d 282 (2003) (de novo review of statutory interpretation) (citing City ofPasco
v. Pub. Emp 't Relations Comm 'n, 119 Wn.2d 504, 507, 833 P.2d 381 (1992)).
Additionally,
[a] condominium declaration is like a deed, the review of which is a mixed question of law and fact. Roeder Co. v. Burlington N., Inc., 105 Wn.2d 567, 571-72,716 P.2d 855 (1986) (citing Veach v. Culp, 92 Wn.2d 570, 573, 599 P.2d 526 (1979)). The factual issue is the declarant's intent, which we discern from the face of the declaration. See id. The declaration's legal consequences are questions of law, which we review de novo.
Lake v. WoodcreekHomeowners Ass'n, 169 Wn.2d 516,526,243 P.3d 1283 (2010).
The vote or agreement of the owner of each unit particularly affected and the
owners of units to which at least 90 percent of the votes are allocated must agree on
4 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass 'n ofCtr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
any declaration amendment that changes "the uses to which any unit is restricted"
under RCW 64.34.264(4) and Section 17.3 of the Declaration. The word "use" is not
defined in the WCA. "'When a statutory term is undefined, the words of a statute are
given their ordinary meaning, and the court may look to a dictionary for such
meaning."' Lake, 169 Wn.2d at 528 (quoting State v. Gonzalez, 168 Wn.2d 256, 263,
226 P.3d 131 (2010)). Dictionary definitions, however, are not dispositive here
because "use" is broadly defined in in the dictionary to include "the legal enjoyment
of property that consists in its employment, occupation, exercise, or practice,"
WEBSTER'S THIRD NEW INTERNATIONAL DICTIONARY 2523 (2002), and also "[t]he
application or employment of something," BLACK'S LAW DICTIONARY 1775 (lOth ed.
2014).
But we need not interpret the WCA here because, in contrast to RCW
64.34.264(4), the Declaration itself identifies a number of "uses" that come within the
special supermajority voting requirement in section 17.3. Under the Declaration's
article IX, "Permitted Uses; Architectural Uniformity" and section 9.1, "Permitted
Uses," section 9.1.14 provides, "Lease Restrictions." CP at 52-55. The positioning of
section 9. 1. 14 within the section 9.1 "Permitted Uses" heading indicates that, for the
purposes of this Declaration, a provision on leasing is one restricting the "use" of a
unit-an amendment that requires a 90 percent vote under section 17.3. !d. This
interpretation is bolstered by the fact that section 9.1. 14 also provides that there is "no
restriction on the right of any Unit Owner to lease his or her Unit" other than the
5 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass 'n of Ctr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
restrictions set forth in Section 9.1.14, such as that "[a]llleases shall be in writing"
and "[n]o lease shall have a term of less than one year," and nothing in section 9.1.14
limits the number of units that may be leased. !d. at 55. In other words, even if
leasing is not a "use" under RCW 64.34.264( 4), it is one under the language of the
Declaration that is subject to section 17.3 's special supermaj ority amendment process.
We resolve this case exclusively on that basis.
Given that leasing is a "use" under this Declaration, a 90 percent supermajority
was required to agree on any Declaration amendment that restricted leasing under
RCW 64.34.264(4) and section 17.3 of the Declaration. Ninety percent supermajority
approval was not received. Therefore, the 12th amendment is not valid.
CONCLUSION
We find that the declaration amendment restricting leasing is not valid because
it purported to change "the uses to which any unit is restricted" without the requisite
90 percent supermajority approval. We find that the amendment is therefore invalid
and affirm the courts below.
6 Filmore LLLP v. Unit Owners Ass'n ofCtr. Pointe Condo., No. 90879-6
WE CONCUR:
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