IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
JOHN FIELDER,1 § § No. 325, 2019 Respondent Below, § Appellant, § Court Below—Family Court § of the State of Delaware v. § § File No. CK17-03962 AUDREY FIELDER, § Petition No. 17-35360 § Petitioner Below, Appellee. §
Submitted: January 10, 2020 Decided: March 9, 2020
Before SEITZ, Chief Justice; TRAYNOR and MONTGOMERY-REEVES, Justices.
ORDER
Upon consideration of the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal, it appears
to the Court that:
(1) The appellant (“Ex-Husband”) filed this pro se appeal from a Family
Court order resolving matters ancillary to Ex-Husband’s divorce from the appellee
(“Ex-Wife”). We conclude that the Family Court did not abuse its discretion and
affirm the judgment of the Family Court.
(2) The parties were divorced by decree of the Family Court on March 27,
2018. The court retained jurisdiction to resolve the parties’ disputes concerning
1 The Court previously assigned pseudonyms to the parties pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 7(d). property division and alimony. The Family Court held hearings on the ancillary
matters on March 4, 2019 and March 12, 2019. Both parties were represented by
counsel at the hearings. After considering the evidence presented and the factors set
forth in 13 Del. C. §§ 1512 and 1513, the court entered an order dividing the marital
property and ordering Ex-Husband to pay alimony to Ex-Wife in the amount of
$1,000 per month for seventy-five months.
(3) In his pro se appeal, Ex-Husband raises several claims of error
concerning the alimony award. He argues that the Family Court erroneously
imputed insufficient income to Ex-Wife; excluded certain vehicle expenses and tax-
debt payments from the calculation of Ex-Husband’s expenses; and failed to
consider Ex-Husband’s post-trial loss of employment. He does not challenge the
property-division award, but he argues that Family Court should have included
payments for the tax debt when calculating the parties’ expenses for purposes of
awarding alimony.
(4) Under the alimony statute, 13 Del. C. § 1512, the Family Court must
consider “all relevant factors,” including the enumerated statutory factors, when
determining whether a party seeking alimony is dependent and calculating alimony
if dependency is found.2 In an appeal from an award of alimony, this Court reviews
the facts and the law, as well as the inferences and deductions made by the Family
2 Glanden v. Quirk, 128 A.3d 994, 1002 (Del. 2015). 2 Court judge.3 This Court will not disturb findings of fact unless they are clearly
erroneous.4 “Moreover, this Court will not substitute its own opinion for the
inferences and deductions made by the Trial Judge where those inferences are
supported by the record and are the product of an orderly and logical deductive
process.”5 We review conclusions of law de novo, but if the court correctly applied
the law, then we review the decision for an abuse of discretion.6 “The standard of
review for an abuse of discretion is whether the Family Court’s decision was
arbitrary or capricious.”7
(5) Ex-Husband’s first argument on appeal is that the Family Court erred
by attributing income to Ex-Wife at minimum wage, rather than a higher amount,
when determining whether Ex-Wife was dependent and determining the amount of
alimony.8 The record reflects that, at the time of trial, Ex-Wife was working part-
time at a restaurant, earning approximately $11,000 to $15,000 per year, and that she
had been seeking other employment. The Family Court found that Ex-Wife was
3 Wright v. Wright, 49 A.3d 1147, 1150 (Del. 2012). 4 Id. 5 Solis v. Tea, 468 A.2d 1276, 1279 (Del. 1983). 6 Wright, 49 A.3d at 1150. 7 Id. 8 See 13 Del. C. § 1512(b) (permitting an award of alimony if the party seeking alimony is “dependent” on the party from whom alimony is sought because, among other requirements, the requesting party “[i]s unable to support himself or herself through appropriate employment”); id. § 1512(c) (setting forth factors for consideration when determining the amount of alimony, including “[t]he financial resources of the party seeking alimony, including . . . his or her ability to meet all or part of his or her reasonable needs independently”). 3 underemployed and attributed to her full-time, minimum-wage income of $8.75 per
hour for forty hours per week, or approximately $18,200 per year. 9 Ex-Husband
argues that Ex-Wife’s “potential income in the open market with her skill set is
between $40,000 to $65,000.”10 Although Ex-Wife testified that she had applied for
one job with a salary in that range, she had not been offered that position at the time
of trial. The Family Court based its income attribution on the fact that Ex-Wife had
not worked for years leading up to the parties’ separation, and since the separation
she had earned less than she would have earned in a full-time position at minimum
wage. The Family Court’s findings were not arbitrary or capricious, and the court
did not err in attributing Ex-Wife with full-time income at minimum wage, rather
than a higher amount.11
(6) Ex-Husband’s second argument on appeal is that the Family Court
erred by excluding from his expenses a car payment for a Nissan that he acquired
after the parties’ separation. The Ex-Husband’s reported expenses at trial included
payments for a Nissan Sentra, a Chevrolet Colorado, and a Yamaha motorcycle. The
Family Court excluded the payments on these vehicles because “he is not paying the
9 File No. CK17-03962, Petition No. 17-35360, Mem. Op. at 22 (Del. Fam. Ct. June 24, 2019) [hereinafter “Family Court Order”]. 10 Opening Brief at 2. 11 See Wright v. Wright, 49 A.3d 1147, 1152 (Del. 2012) (affirming Family Court’s decision not to attribute ex-husband with higher income based on previous occupation as a field engineer because he had changed occupations and had not worked as a field engineer in more than ten years). 4 Nissan payment and he acquired the Chevrolet payment and Yamaha payment post-
separation despite the preliminary injunction against purchases.”12
(7) The court’s statement that Ex-Husband was not making the Nissan
payment appears to be based on a misapprehension regarding the vehicle at issue.
The parties had a different Nissan (the “Old Nissan”) before separation, which the
court determined Ex-Husband had given to Ex-Wife after separation, and which Ex-
Wife then sold.13 After the divorce, Ex-Husband had remarried and acquired another
Nissan (the “New Nissan”), which his new wife drove to work.14 The Nissan
payment that Ex-Husband included in his expenses appears to be for the New Nissan,
not for the Old Nissan that was sold.
(8) Despite the misapprehension regarding the Nissan in the Family Court
order, we conclude that the exclusion of the Nissan payment from Ex-Husband’s
expenses does not warrant reversal. The Family Court clearly intended to exclude
from Ex-Husband’s expenses the payments related to vehicles that he acquired post-
separation,15 and Ex-Husband acknowledges that he acquired the New Nissan after
separation. Moreover, as the Family Court noted, Ex-Husband included in his
expenses the costs of his expanded household, which included his new wife and step-
12 Family Court Order, supra note 9, at 27. 13 Id. See also Transcript of Mar.
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IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE
JOHN FIELDER,1 § § No. 325, 2019 Respondent Below, § Appellant, § Court Below—Family Court § of the State of Delaware v. § § File No. CK17-03962 AUDREY FIELDER, § Petition No. 17-35360 § Petitioner Below, Appellee. §
Submitted: January 10, 2020 Decided: March 9, 2020
Before SEITZ, Chief Justice; TRAYNOR and MONTGOMERY-REEVES, Justices.
ORDER
Upon consideration of the parties’ briefs and the record on appeal, it appears
to the Court that:
(1) The appellant (“Ex-Husband”) filed this pro se appeal from a Family
Court order resolving matters ancillary to Ex-Husband’s divorce from the appellee
(“Ex-Wife”). We conclude that the Family Court did not abuse its discretion and
affirm the judgment of the Family Court.
(2) The parties were divorced by decree of the Family Court on March 27,
2018. The court retained jurisdiction to resolve the parties’ disputes concerning
1 The Court previously assigned pseudonyms to the parties pursuant to Supreme Court Rule 7(d). property division and alimony. The Family Court held hearings on the ancillary
matters on March 4, 2019 and March 12, 2019. Both parties were represented by
counsel at the hearings. After considering the evidence presented and the factors set
forth in 13 Del. C. §§ 1512 and 1513, the court entered an order dividing the marital
property and ordering Ex-Husband to pay alimony to Ex-Wife in the amount of
$1,000 per month for seventy-five months.
(3) In his pro se appeal, Ex-Husband raises several claims of error
concerning the alimony award. He argues that the Family Court erroneously
imputed insufficient income to Ex-Wife; excluded certain vehicle expenses and tax-
debt payments from the calculation of Ex-Husband’s expenses; and failed to
consider Ex-Husband’s post-trial loss of employment. He does not challenge the
property-division award, but he argues that Family Court should have included
payments for the tax debt when calculating the parties’ expenses for purposes of
awarding alimony.
(4) Under the alimony statute, 13 Del. C. § 1512, the Family Court must
consider “all relevant factors,” including the enumerated statutory factors, when
determining whether a party seeking alimony is dependent and calculating alimony
if dependency is found.2 In an appeal from an award of alimony, this Court reviews
the facts and the law, as well as the inferences and deductions made by the Family
2 Glanden v. Quirk, 128 A.3d 994, 1002 (Del. 2015). 2 Court judge.3 This Court will not disturb findings of fact unless they are clearly
erroneous.4 “Moreover, this Court will not substitute its own opinion for the
inferences and deductions made by the Trial Judge where those inferences are
supported by the record and are the product of an orderly and logical deductive
process.”5 We review conclusions of law de novo, but if the court correctly applied
the law, then we review the decision for an abuse of discretion.6 “The standard of
review for an abuse of discretion is whether the Family Court’s decision was
arbitrary or capricious.”7
(5) Ex-Husband’s first argument on appeal is that the Family Court erred
by attributing income to Ex-Wife at minimum wage, rather than a higher amount,
when determining whether Ex-Wife was dependent and determining the amount of
alimony.8 The record reflects that, at the time of trial, Ex-Wife was working part-
time at a restaurant, earning approximately $11,000 to $15,000 per year, and that she
had been seeking other employment. The Family Court found that Ex-Wife was
3 Wright v. Wright, 49 A.3d 1147, 1150 (Del. 2012). 4 Id. 5 Solis v. Tea, 468 A.2d 1276, 1279 (Del. 1983). 6 Wright, 49 A.3d at 1150. 7 Id. 8 See 13 Del. C. § 1512(b) (permitting an award of alimony if the party seeking alimony is “dependent” on the party from whom alimony is sought because, among other requirements, the requesting party “[i]s unable to support himself or herself through appropriate employment”); id. § 1512(c) (setting forth factors for consideration when determining the amount of alimony, including “[t]he financial resources of the party seeking alimony, including . . . his or her ability to meet all or part of his or her reasonable needs independently”). 3 underemployed and attributed to her full-time, minimum-wage income of $8.75 per
hour for forty hours per week, or approximately $18,200 per year. 9 Ex-Husband
argues that Ex-Wife’s “potential income in the open market with her skill set is
between $40,000 to $65,000.”10 Although Ex-Wife testified that she had applied for
one job with a salary in that range, she had not been offered that position at the time
of trial. The Family Court based its income attribution on the fact that Ex-Wife had
not worked for years leading up to the parties’ separation, and since the separation
she had earned less than she would have earned in a full-time position at minimum
wage. The Family Court’s findings were not arbitrary or capricious, and the court
did not err in attributing Ex-Wife with full-time income at minimum wage, rather
than a higher amount.11
(6) Ex-Husband’s second argument on appeal is that the Family Court
erred by excluding from his expenses a car payment for a Nissan that he acquired
after the parties’ separation. The Ex-Husband’s reported expenses at trial included
payments for a Nissan Sentra, a Chevrolet Colorado, and a Yamaha motorcycle. The
Family Court excluded the payments on these vehicles because “he is not paying the
9 File No. CK17-03962, Petition No. 17-35360, Mem. Op. at 22 (Del. Fam. Ct. June 24, 2019) [hereinafter “Family Court Order”]. 10 Opening Brief at 2. 11 See Wright v. Wright, 49 A.3d 1147, 1152 (Del. 2012) (affirming Family Court’s decision not to attribute ex-husband with higher income based on previous occupation as a field engineer because he had changed occupations and had not worked as a field engineer in more than ten years). 4 Nissan payment and he acquired the Chevrolet payment and Yamaha payment post-
separation despite the preliminary injunction against purchases.”12
(7) The court’s statement that Ex-Husband was not making the Nissan
payment appears to be based on a misapprehension regarding the vehicle at issue.
The parties had a different Nissan (the “Old Nissan”) before separation, which the
court determined Ex-Husband had given to Ex-Wife after separation, and which Ex-
Wife then sold.13 After the divorce, Ex-Husband had remarried and acquired another
Nissan (the “New Nissan”), which his new wife drove to work.14 The Nissan
payment that Ex-Husband included in his expenses appears to be for the New Nissan,
not for the Old Nissan that was sold.
(8) Despite the misapprehension regarding the Nissan in the Family Court
order, we conclude that the exclusion of the Nissan payment from Ex-Husband’s
expenses does not warrant reversal. The Family Court clearly intended to exclude
from Ex-Husband’s expenses the payments related to vehicles that he acquired post-
separation,15 and Ex-Husband acknowledges that he acquired the New Nissan after
separation. Moreover, as the Family Court noted, Ex-Husband included in his
expenses the costs of his expanded household, which included his new wife and step-
12 Family Court Order, supra note 9, at 27. 13 Id. See also Transcript of Mar. 4, 2019 Hearing, at 34-35; Transcript of Mar. 12, 2019 Hearing, at 65-68. 14 Reply Brief at 4. See also Transcript of Mar. 12, 2019 Hearing, at 20, 50, 78-80, 82. 15 Family Court Order, supra note 9, at 27. 5 daughter, without accounting for his new wife’s financial contributions to the
household.16 Therefore, exclusion of the payment for the New Nissan from Ex-
Husband’s expenses did not constitute reversible error.17
(9) Ex-Husband’s third argument on appeal is that the Family Court erred
by excluding from Ex-Husband’s claimed expenses a payment for the parties’ IRS
tax debt. After considering the evidence regarding this debt, the Family Court
determined that the debt was marital debt, that Ex-Husband would be responsible
for 65% of the debt, and that Ex-Wife would be responsible for 35% of the debt. Ex-
Husband does not challenge the Family Court’s apportionment of the debt between
the parties; rather, he asserts that the Family Court should have included a
proportionate payment on the debt in the parties’ monthly expenses for purposes of
determining the alimony award. Ex-Husband did not fairly present this argument to
the Family Court in the first instance, and we therefore will not consider it for the
first time on appeal.18 In any event, the Family Court apportioned the debt in the
property-division portion of its order; the court excluded the payment from Ex-
Husband’s claimed expenses because it found that Ex-Husband had not been paying
the debt since the parties’ divorce and noted that the court could not control the
16 Family Court Order, supra note 9, at 26-27, 28. 17 See Unitrin v. Am. Gen. Corp., 651 A.2d 1361, 1390 (Del. 1995) (“[T]his Court may affirm on the basis of a different rationale than that which was articulated by the trial court.”). 18 DEL. SUPR. CT. R. 8. 6 Internal Revenue Service’s collection of the debt; and inclusion of a proportionate
payment in Ex-Wife’s monthly expenses would have increased the amount of the
discrepancy between her expenses and her income. We find no reversible error on
this issue.
(10) Finally, Ex-Husband contends that the Family Court erred by not
considering his post-trial loss of employment. The Family Court’s order is dated
June 24, 2019 and was docketed June 28, 2019. Ex-Husband claims that his change
in employment status was effective on June 28, 2019 and that at some unspecified
time after June 14, 2019, he “approached” Family Court “for guidance on how to
proceed.” Ex-Husband acknowledges that he did not file any motion addressing his
employment status before or after the Family Court’s decision. Ex-Husband did not
fairly present the issue of his loss of employment to the Family Court, and we will
not consider it for the first time on appeal.19 If Ex-Husband believes that the change
in his job status warrants a modification of the alimony award, he must first seek
relief from the Family Court.20
19 Id. 20 See 13 Del. C. § 1519 (a)(4) (providing for modification of an alimony award “only upon a showing of real and substantial change of circumstances”). 7 NOW, THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED that the judgment of the Family
Court is AFFIRMED.
BY THE COURT:
/s/ Gary F. Traynor Justice