Ferrer v. FCA US LLC

• Court: District Court, S.D. California
• Decided: November 23, 2020
• Docket: 3:17-cv-00530
• Status: Unknown

Opinion

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 NIDIA FERRER, Case No.: 3:17-cv-00530-AJB-BGS Plaintiff, 12 ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND v. 13 DENYING IN PART: FCA US LLC, a Delaware Limited 14 Liability Company; and DOES 1 through (1) PLAINTIFF’S MOTION FOR 15 10, inclusive, ATTORNEYS’ FEES, COSTS, AND Defendant. EXPENSES, (Doc. No. 63); AND 16

17 (2) PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO RE- TAX, (Doc. No. 93) 18 19 Before the Court is Plaintiff Nidia Ferrer’s (“Plaintiff”) (1) motion for attorneys’ 20 fees, costs, and expenses, (Doc. No. 63), and (2) motion to re-tax costs, (Doc. No. 93). 21 Defendant FCA US LLC (“FCA”) opposed both motions. (Doc. Nos. 69, 95.) For the 22 reasons stated herein, the Court GRANTS IN PART AND DENIES IN PART both 23 motions, with a reduction of fees as set forth below. 24 I. BACKGROUND 25 This case arises out of the purchase of a new 2011 Jeep Wrangler for a sales price of 26 $39,590.24. The Vehicle was manufactured and distributed by Defendant FCA US LLC, 27 which provided a written warranty with the Vehicle. Within the applicable warranty period, 28 the Vehicle exhibited issues relating to repeated oil level issues (i.e. the oil level dropping 1 rapidly), clicking noises, and various recalls. Despite numerous attempts by FCA to fix 2 Plaintiff’s Vehicle, the problems persisted. Plaintiff eventually contacted FCA customer 3 service in 2015, and requested FCA repurchase the defective Vehicle. FCA rejected 4 Plaintiff’s request. Plaintiff filed her Complaint in San Diego Superior Court on November 5 22, 2016, alleging violations of the Song-Beverly Act and fraudulent concealment. The 6 action was removed to this Court on March 21, 2017. On July 17, 2019, the parties filed a 7 joint settlement. (Doc. No. 56.) Plaintiff filed her motions for attorneys’ fees, costs, and 8 expenses, and FCA opposed the motions. (Doc. Nos. 63, 69, 93, 95.) This order follows. 9 II. LEGAL STANDARD 10 “In a diversity case, the law of the state in which the district court sits determines 11 whether a party is entitled to attorney fees, and the procedure for requesting an award of 12 attorney fees is governed by federal law.” Carnes v. Zamani, 488 F.3d 1057, 1059 (9th Cir. 13 2007); see also Mangold v. Cal. Public Utilities Comm’n, 67 F.3d 1470, 1478 (9th Cir. 14 1995) (noting that in a diversity action, the Ninth Circuit “applied state law in determining 15 not only the right to fees, but also in the method of calculating the fees”). 16 As explained by the Supreme Court, “[u]nder the American Rule, ‘the prevailing 17 litigant ordinarily is not entitled to collect a reasonable attorneys’ fee from the loser.’” 18 Travelers Casualty & Surety Co. of Am. v. Pacific Gas & Electric Co., 549 U.S. 443, 448 19 (2007) (quoting Alyeska Pipeline Service Co. v. Wilderness Society, 421 U.S. 240, 247 20 (1975)). However, a statute allocating fees to a prevailing party can overcome this general 21 rule. Id. (citing Fleischmann Distilling Corp. v. Maier Brewing Co., 386 U.S. 714, 717 22 (1967)). Under California’s Song-Beverly Act, a prevailing buyer is entitled “to recover as 23 part of the judgment a sum equal to the aggregate amount of costs and expenses, including 24 attorney’s fees based on actual time expended, determined by the court to have been 25 reasonably incurred by the buyer in connection with the commencement and prosecution 26 of such action.” Cal. Civ. Code § 794(d). 27 The Song-Beverly Act “requires the trial court to make an initial determination of 28 the actual time expended; and then to ascertain whether under all the circumstances of the 1 case the amount of actual time expended, and the monetary charge being made for the time 2 expended are reasonable.” Nightingale v. Hyundai Motor America, 31 Cal. App. 4th 99, 3 104 (1994). The court may consider “factors such as the complexity of the case and 4 procedural demands, the skill exhibited, and the results achieved.” Id. If the court finds the 5 time expended or fee request “is not reasonable under all the circumstances, then the court 6 must take this into account and award attorney fees in a lesser amount.” Id. “A prevailing 7 buyer has the burden of showing that the fees incurred were ‘allowable,’ were ‘reasonably 8 necessary to the conduct of the litigation,’ and were ‘reasonable in amount.’” Id. (quoting 9 Levy v. Toyota Motor Sales, U.S.A., Inc., 4 Cal. App. 4th 807, 816 (1992)); see also Goglin 10 v. BMW of North America, LLC, 4 Cal. App. 5th 462, 470 (2016) (same). If a fee request 11 is opposed, “[g]eneral arguments that fees claimed are excessive, duplicative, or unrelated 12 do not suffice.” Premier Med. Mgmt. Sys. v. Cal. Ins. Guarantee Assoc., 163 Cal. App. 4th 13 550, 564 (2008). Rather, the opposing party has the burden to demonstrate the hours spent 14 are duplicative or excessive. Id. at 562, 564; see also Gorman v. Tassajara Dev. Corp., 178 15 Cal. App. 4th 44, 101 (2009) (“[t]he party opposing the fee award can be expected to 16 identify the particular charges it considers objectionable”). 17 III. DISCUSSION 18 A. Plaintiff’s Attorneys’ Fee Request 19 As a prevailing buyer, Plaintiff is entitled to an award of fees and costs under the 20 Song-Beverly Act. See Cal. Civ. Code § 1794(d); see also Goglin, 4 Cal. App. 5th at 470. 21 Here, Plaintiff moves the Court: (1) for an award of attorneys’ fees pursuant to California 22 Civil Code § 1794(d) under the “lodestar” method in the amount of $43,362.50, (2) for a 23 “lodestar” modifier of 0.5 under California law, in the amount of $21,433.75, and (3) to 24 award actual costs and expenses incurred in the amount of $20,990.93. Plaintiff requests a 25 total of $85,787.18 in attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses. (Doc. No. 63-1 at 7.) FCA 26 acknowledges Plaintiff is entitled to recover attorneys’ fees and costs, but argues the 27 amount requested is unreasonable and should be reduced. (Doc. No. 69 at 5.) 28 // 1 1. Hours Worked By Counsel 2 First, Plaintiff seeks $25,557.50 for work completed by Knight Law Group (“KLG”) 3 and $17,805.00 for work completed by co-counsel, Wirtz Law. (Doc. No. 63-2 at 36; Doc. 4 No. 63-3 at 11.) This totals $43,362.50 in attorneys’ fees for both law firms. To recover 5 attorneys’ fees, a fee applicant must provide time records documenting the tasks completed 6 and the amount of time spent. See Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 424 (1983); Welch 7 v. Metropolitan Life Ins. Co., 480 F.3d 942, 945–46 (9th Cir. 2007). Under California law, 8 a court “must carefully review attorney documentation of hours expended” to determine 9 whether the time reported was reasonable. See Ketchum v. Moses, 24 Cal. 4th 1122, 1132 10 (2001) (quoting Serrano v. Priest, 20 Cal.3d 25, 48 (1977)). Thus, evidence provided by 11 the fee applicant “should allow the court to consider whether the case was overstaffed, how 12 much time the attorneys spent on particular claims, and whether the hours were reasonably 13 expended.” Christian Research Inst. v. Alnor, 165 Cal. App. 4th 1315, 1320 (2008). The 14 court must exclude “duplicative or excessive” time from its fee award. Graciano v. 15 Robinson Ford Sales, Inc., 144 Cal. App. 4th 140, 161 (2006); see also Ketchum, 24 Cal. 16 4th at 1132 (stating “inefficient or duplicative efforts [are] not subject to compensation”). 17 The billing records submitted by the KLG indicate that its attorneys expended 68.6 18 billable hours on this case while Wirtz Law billed 43.40 hours to the case. (Doc. No. 83-2 19 at 36; Doc. No. 83-3 at 11.) FCA objects to the reported hours, arguing there was 20 duplication, as well as other excessive rates or time billed. (Doc. No. 69 at 10–16.) The 21 Court will address FCA’s specific objections below. 22 First, FCA argues “Plaintiff’s counsel used boilerplate pleadings and discovery that 23 it has relied on for countless cases in the past.” (Doc. No. 69 at 10.) For example, FCA 24 objects to KLG partners billing $230.00 for drafting and reviewing Plaintiff’s Complaint, 25 which is the same standard form complaint KLG uses in every case against FCA. (Id.) FCA 26 protests that this activity should be performed by a paralegal. (Id.) While this amount is not 27 entirely excessive, the Court will reduce KLG’s fees by $100.00. Furthermore, the Court 28 notes partner Amy Morse of KLG billed $1,610.00 for drafting written discovery. (Doc. 1 No. 63-2 at 31.) These amounts are rather excessive particularly given that (1) Amy Morse 2 is a partner at KLG and the work performed should have been delegated to a more junior 3 attorney, and (2) drafting written discovery is a template-driven exercise because Plaintiff’s 4 counsel propounds the same discovery in every case against FCA. Thus, the Court, in its 5 discretion, will reduce KLG’s recoverable fees by $500.00. 6 FCA next points out managing partner Steve Mikhov of KLG billed a total of 7 $275.00 to “Review FCA’s Answer to Complaint” and “Review Bob Baker’s Answer to 8 Complaint.” FCA argues it “is entirely unclear why the managing partner at Knight Law 9 Group needs to be reviewing FCA’s answers to complaints. This work could have been 10 completed by an associate.” (Doc. No. 69 at 10.) Similarly, FCA complains of the $110.00 11 billed by Mikhov for reviewing “ENE results,” $55.00 billed for reviewing “results of ENE 12 hearing (multiple cases)” and an additional $55.00 billed to “Review results of Pretrial 13 Conference hearing.” Of course, Plaintiff’s counsel has a duty to stay informed about the 14 litigation at every turn of the matter. But in its discretion, the Court will reduce KLG’s 15 recoverable fees by $150.00. 16 Next, FCA protests the “countless instances of unreasonable billing entries for 17 reviewing the file and essentially every document and piece of correspondence included 18 therein.” (Doc. No. 69 at 11.) FCA highlights that in total, “approximately 20 hours were 19 spent in review of the file or some aspect thereof. Thus, approximately a third of the time 20 incurred by Knight Law Group was spent ‘reviewing’ the file.” (Id. (emphasis in original).) 21 Again, counsel has a professional obligation to review documents pertaining to Plaintiff’s 22 matter, and the review of documents is not per se unreasonable. However, the Court, in its 23 discretion, will adjust KLG’s fees downwards by $500.00 to account for any duplication 24 or excessive time billed for this review. 25 FCA also argues that Wirtz Law unreasonably incurred fees post-settlement. 26 Specifically, FCA states “approximately half of the 43.4 hours claimed by Wirtz Law were 27 incurred in connection with the instant Motion.” (Doc. No. 69 at 11–12.) Looking closer at 28 the work completed in connection with the instant motion for attorneys’ fees, the Court 1 makes the following adjustments. First, Wirtz Law billed $4,185.00 for preparing the 2 motion for attorneys’ fees. (Doc. No. 63-3 at 11.) Because the Court agrees with FCA that 3 the instant motion is largely a template-driven activity, the Court finds this amount to be 4 unreasonable. As such, the Court will reduce Wirtz Law’s fees by $1,500.00 for the work 5 completed on the motion. Second, Wirtz Law billed $2,745.00 to draft the reply brief. (Doc. 6 No. 96-2 at 2.) As the exercise of responding to FCA’s opposition is largely a template- 7 driven activity as well with only some individualized analysis, the Court will reduce the 8 amount recoverable by Wirtz Law for the reply brief by $1,500.00. Finally, Wirtz Law may 9 not be compensated $1,350.00 for the “anticipated” time traveling to and appearing for the 10 hearing on instant fee motion. The hearing on this motion for attorneys’ fees was vacated 11 by the Court in its determination that the matter was suitable for determination on the 12 papers. (Doc. No. 71.) 13 Next, upon close examination of the billing submitted by counsel, the Court notes 14 the following adjustments. First, partner Steve Mikhov of KLG billed $330.00 for 15 “reviewing and auditing and billing,” Denali Wixsom of Wirtz Law billed $350.00 for 16 bates-stamping, and senior attorney Amy R. Rotman of Wirtz Law billed $90.00 for 17 correcting an error in the certificate of service. As to these amounts, Plaintiff’s counsel 18 may not be compensated for purely clerical and administrative tasks. See Castillo-Antionio 19 v. Iqbal, 2017 WL 1113300, at *7 (N.D. Cal. Mar. 24, 2017). Thus, these amounts will be 20 excluded from KLG and Wirtz Law’s fees. Second, Richard M. Wirtz of Wirtz Law billed 21 $1,300.00 to get up to speed, and “[r]eview and analyze client file and develop trial 22 strategy.” (Doc. No. 63-3 at 8.) While the Court finds that this entry is mostly reasonable, 23 the Court will in its discretion, reduce the fees by $300.00. Third, there are three entries 24 totaling $1,265.00 billed by KLG for initial communications with Plaintiff and evaluation 25 of client’s claims. (Doc. No. 63-2 at 31.) These entries are undated, and there is no evidence 26 that a fee agreement was even in place when these tasks occurred. Thus, in its discretion, 27 the Court will exclude $500.00 from KLG’s recoverable fees. 28 In summation, KLG’s total recoverable fee amount is reduced by $2,080.00. This 1 brings KLG’s recoverable fees down to a total of $23,477.50. Likewise, Wirtz Law’s fees 2 are reduced by $5,090.00. This places Wirtz Law’s fees to a total of $12,715.00. 3 2. Hourly Rates 4 FCA next argues that under all of the circumstances of this case, the hourly rates are 5 excessive and unwarranted. (Doc. No. 69 at 13.) However, the Court is satisfied with the 6 bases for Plaintiff’s counsels’ hourly rates. Particularly, Plaintiff has provided ample 7 evidence, including surveys of the hourly rates of similar attorneys with similar experience 8 and qualifications. (Doc. No. 63-3 at 14.) Thus, the Court finds the rates cited for all 9 attorneys reasonable and supported by evidence. 10 3. Lodestar Calculation 11 The lodestar method calculates attorneys’ fees by “by multiplying the number of 12 hours reasonably expended by counsel on the particular matter times a reasonable hourly 13 rate.” State of Fla. v. Dunne, 915 F.2d 542, 545 n.3 (9th Cir. 1990) (citing Hensley, 461 14 U.S. at 433); see also Laffitte v. Robert Half Int’l Inc., 1 Cal. 5th 480, 489 (2016). 15 LAW FIRM LEGAL PROFRESSIONAL HOURS RATE LODESTAR 16 Knight Law Group Alastair Hamblin 17.4 $325 $5,655.00 Amy Morse 10.6 $350 $3,710.00 17 Constance Morrison 9.6 $375 $3,600.00 18 Kirk Donnelly 3.1 $400 $1,240.00 19 Kristina Stephenson Cheang 12.7 $375 $4,762.50 20 Larry Castruita ‐ 6.0 $385.00 $2,310.00 21 Natalee Fisher 2.6 $250 $650.00 Steve Mikhov 6.6 $550 $3,630.00 22 Knight Law Group Total $25,557.50 23

24 Wirtz Law Richard M. Wirtz 2.6 $650 $1,690.00 25 Jessica R. Underwood 1.8 $400 $720.00 Lauren B. Veggian 6.6 $350 $2,310.00 26 Denali Wixsom 2.0 $175 $350.00 27 Rebecca Evans 4.5 $200 $900.00 28 1 Samuel Albert 0.9 $200 $180.00 2 Amy R. Rotman 7.5 $450 $3,375.00 Erin K. Barns 17.30 $450 $8,280 3 Wirtz Law Total $17,805.00 4 TOTAL $43,362.50 5 6 Here, with no adjustments to the reasonable hourly rates, the total amount of fees for 7 both Knight Law Group and Wirtz Law is $43,362.50. Taking into account the previously 8 noted reductions, the total lodestar amount is $23,477.50 for KLG’s fees and $12,715.00 9 for Wirtz Law’s fees. Therefore, Plaintiff’s counsels’ total lodestar amounts is $36,192.50. 10 4. Application of a Multiplier 11 Once a court has calculated the lodestar, “it may increase or decrease that amount 12 by applying a positive or negative ‘multiplier’ to take into account a variety of other factors, 13 including the quality of the representation, the novelty and complexity of the issues, the 14 results obtained, and the contingent risk presented.” Laffitte, 1 Cal. 5th at 504 (citation 15 omitted); see also Ketchum v. Moses, 24 Cal. 4th 1122, 1132 (2001) (indicating the court 16 may adjust the fee award considering “the following factors: (1) the novelty and difficulty 17 of the questions involved, (2) the skill displayed in presenting them, (3) the extent to which 18 the nature of the litigation precluded other employment by the attorneys, (4) the contingent 19 nature of the fee award.”). 20 Here, Plaintiff seeks a 0.5 multiplier based on the risk of taking this case on a 21 contingent fee basis, the substantial costs advanced, the result achieved, and the delay in 22 payment. (Doc. No. 63-1 at 24.) Significantly, however, this case did not present 23 particularly novel or difficult questions of law or fact. Indeed, the issues related to the 24 alleged defect in FCA’s vehicles were addressed in Velasco, et al. v. Chrysler Group LLC, 25 Case No. 2:13–cv–08080–DDP–VBK and Hall v. FCA US LLC, Case No. 1:16-cv-0684- 26 JLT. Thus, the issues presented in this action were not uniquely complex. See Steel v. 27 GMC, 912 F. Supp. 724, 746 (N.J. Dist. 1995) (“the issues in lemon law litigation are not 28 1 complex and do not require a significant amount of legal analysis or novel pleading”). 2 Additionally, it is highly unlikely that the litigation of this specific case precluded counsel, 3 as lemon law attorneys, from taking on other matters. Finally, the Court finds the 4 contingent nature of the fee award is outweighed by the other factors, especially in this 5 action where the disputed facts and issues to be resolved were minimal. Indeed, there was 6 nothing unusual about this case that would put counsel at great risk for accepting the matter 7 on a contingent basis. Accordingly, the Court declines to award a multiplier and finds the 8 lodestar amount of $36,192.50 as reasonable. 9 B. Plaintiff’s Motion to Re-Tax Costs 10 Turning to Plaintiff’s motion to re-tax costs, Plaintiff additionally seeks to re-tax the 11 $18,559.43 portion of Plaintiff’s cost bill. (Doc. No. 93.) Plaintiff originally filed a Bill of 12 Costs seeking to recover $20,483.81, (Doc. No. 86), but the Clerk of Court issued an Order 13 Taxing Costs in the amount of $2,658.63 in favor of Plaintiff. (Doc. No. 92.) Plaintiff then 14 submitted a motion seeking to re-tax the remaining $18,559.43 in costs. (Doc. No. 93.) 15 FCA filed an opposition, arguing these remaining costs include numerous items that are 16 excessive, unreasonable, and unnecessary. (Doc. No. 95.) 17 “In general, an award of costs in federal district court is governed by Federal Rule 18 of Civil Procedure 54(d) and not applicable state law, even in diversity cases.” Self v. FCA 19 US LLC, No. 1:17-CV-01107-SKO, 2019 WL 1994459, at *12 (E.D. Cal. May 6, 2019) 20 (citing Champion Produce, Inc. v. Ruby Robinson Co., 342 F.3d 1016, 1022 (9th Cir. 21 2003)). An exception exists under Clausen v. M/V NEW CARISSA, 339 F.3d 1049 (9th Cir. 22 2003), as amended on denial of reh’g (Sept. 25, 2003), which held that the measure of 23 damages is a matter of state substantive law where “a state law provision allows for the 24 awarding of costs as part of a substantive, compensatory damages scheme[,]” Kelly v. 25 Echols, No. CIVF05118AWISMS, 2005 WL 2105309, at *16 (E.D. Cal. Aug. 30, 2005). 26 In Clausen, the Ninth Circuit found that the measure of damages under Oregon’s Oil Spill 27 Act “‘is inseparably connected with the right of action[.]’” Clausen, 339 F.3d at 1065 28 (quoting Chesapeake & O. Ry. Co. v. Kelly, 241 U.S. 485, 491 (1916)). The Ninth Circuit 1 added that the Oregon Oil Spill Act presented the court “with an ‘express indication’ of a 2 state legislature’s ‘special interest in providing litigants’ with full compensation for 3 reasonable sums expended in pursuit of [their] Oil Spill Act claim.” Clausen, 339 F.3d at 4 1065 (citation omitted). Thus, the analysis focuses on whether a state legislature has 5 expressed a special interest in providing litigants with attorneys’ fees. 6 Here, section 1794(d) of the California Civil Code provides that buyers prevailing 7 in an action under the Song-Beverly Act “shall be allowed by the court to recover as part 8 of the judgment a sum equal to the aggregate amount of costs and expenses, including 9 attorney’s fees based on actual time expended, determined by the court to have been 10 reasonably incurred by the buyer in connection with the commencement and prosecution 11 of such action.” Cal. Civ. Code § 1794 (emphasis added). The California Legislature has 12 demonstrated a “special interest” in permitting prevailing Song-Beverly plaintiffs to 13 recover costs and expenses under section 1794. As the California Court of Appeal has noted 14 “[a]n analysis by the Assembly Committee on Labor, Employment, and Consumer Affairs 15 states: ‘Indigent consumers are often discouraged from seeking legal redress due to court 16 costs. The addition of awards of ‘costs and expenses’ by the court to the consumer to cover 17 such out-of-pocket expenses as filing fees, expert witness fees, marshal’s fees, etc., should 18 open the litigation process to everyone.’” Jensen v. BMW of N. Am., Inc., 35 Cal. App. 4th 19 112, 138 (1995), as modified on denial of reh’g (June 22, 1995). Therefore, the Court 20 concludes that the Song-Beverly Act applies to Plaintiff’s contention that it is entitled to 21 costs and expenses. 22 However, while state substantive law may apply, this does not obviate the Court’s 23 obligation to ensure that the costs were “reasonably incurred.” Thus, the Court will briefly 24 review whether Plaintiff’s requests costs and expenses are reasonable. First, Plaintiff seeks 25 $577.94 for service of summons and subpoenas. This includes service of summons on FCA 26 and its dealership, Bob Baker, and deposition subpoenas to Bob Baker’s PMQ, service 27 advisors, and technician. (Doc. No. 93-1 at 14.) The Clerk of Court taxed $317.94 for: (1) 28 the two charges for service of summons ($117.94 together), the charge for service of a 1 deposition subpoena on Bob Baker’s PMQ ($190.00), and the charge for a declaration of 2 non-service on Bob Baker’s service advisor, James Ramsey ($10.00). The Clerk of Court 3 did not allow costs for service of deposition subpoenas on service advisor, Mike Zscutty 4 ($130.00) and technician No. 945 ($130.00). FCA argues the costs were not reasonably 5 necessary to the conduct of this litigation because these depositions were related to claims 6 against the selling dealership, Bob Baker, that Plaintiff herself dismissed on February 17, 7 2017. (Doc. No. 95 at 6.) FCA also points out the dealership’s personnel were never 8 deposed. (Id.) Because the deposition did not move forward, the Court finds that these 9 amounts were not reasonably incurred. As such, Plaintiff may not recover these amounts. 10 Second, Plaintiff seeks $646.07 for: (1) condensed copies of deposition transcripts, 11 (2) a “litigation support package”, and (3) attorney travel expenses to attend depositions. 12 (Doc. No. 93-1 at 16.) Plaintiff explains these deposition costs were reasonable to defend 13 the depositions of the Plaintiff, Plaintiff’s expert Thomas Lepper, Barbara Luna, and to 14 take the deposition of FCA’s expert Jeff Richards. (Id.) The Court agrees these amounts 15 are not unreasonable and may be recovered. See, e.g, Hellenberg v. Ford Motor Co., No. 16 18CV2202 JM (KSC), 2020 WL 1820126, at *6 (S.D. Cal. Apr. 10, 2020) (agreeing that 17 costs and expenses related to travel for a deposition may be recovered). 18 Third, Plaintiff seeks $17,499.82 in costs for expert witness fees. (Doc. No. 93-1 at 19 17.) FCA objects to the $15,055.88 in expert fees related to Dr. Luna, and the $2,444.82 20 expert fees related to Thomas Lepper. (Doc. No. 95 at 4–5.) The Court agrees that not all 21 the expert fees were reasonably incurred. Indeed, Dr. Luna spent 45.75 hours on a case 22 where her testimony is nearly identical to that given in a hundred or more other cases 23 against FCA. (Doc. No. 95 at 5.) Moreover, FCA argues Dr. Luna was Plaintiff’s fraud 24 expert, yet Plaintiff did not recover anything on her fraud claim. The Court largely agrees 25 with FCA, and so, in its discretion, will re-tax costs in the amount of $7,000.00 for amounts 26 expended on expert fees. 27 Finally, Plaintiff additionally seeks a total of $204.65 for: (1) attorney services and 28 messenger court filings and service, (2) mediation, (3) overnight courier, (4) travel, (5) 1 copies, (6) and Westlaw charges. (Doc. No. 93-1 at 17–20.) The Court concludes that these 2 small amounts expended were reasonably incurred in litigating this matter. As such, these 3 costs may be re-taxed in the amount of $204.65. 4 Finally, Plaintiff seeks attorneys’ fees for bringing the instant motion to re-tax costs. 5 In opposition, FCA argues that Plaintiff’s request for attorneys’ fee is improper because 6 the request is not a suitable subject matter for a motion to re-tax. (Doc. No. 95 at 2.) FCA 7 also contends that should the Court consider the request, it should still be denied because 8 Plaintiff does not submit any competent evidence to support the qualification of the lawyer 9 who worked on the case to justify the hourly rates and fees sought. (Id.) In consideration 10 of judicial economy and efficiency, the Court will address Plaintiff’s brief request for 11 attorneys’ fees incurred in conjunction with the motion to re-tax costs. Here, it is true that 12 the Song-Beverly Act, and the parties settlement agreement contemplates that Plaintiff is 13 entitled to “a sum equal to the aggregate amount of costs and expenses, including attorney’s 14 fees based on actual time reasonably incurred in connection with the commencement and 15 prosecution of this action pursuant to Civil Code Section 1794(d), to be determined by the 16 court if the parties cannot agree.” (Doc. No. 93-2 at 7.) However, in review of Plaintiff’s 17 bill submitted in support of her request, the Court finds that a reduction is appropriate. 18 Wirtz Law billed $2,385.00 for drafting the instant motion to re-tax costs, and $1,800.00 19 to draft all documents filed in connection with the reply brief. The Court finds the amount 20 requested for the motion to re-tax mostly appropriate but will in its discretion, reduce the 21 amount Wirtz Law may be compensated by $1,500.00 because portions of the motion 22 should have been template-driven work. 23 IV. CONCLUSION 24 Based upon the foregoing, the Court ORDERS as follows: 25 1. Plaintiff’s motion for fees is GRANTED in the modified amount 26 of $36,192.50; and 27 // 28 // 1 2 2. Plaintiff's motion to re-tax costs is GRANTED in the modified amount of 3 $9,350.72. 4 5 IT IS SO ORDERED. 6 || Dated: November 23, 2020 ,

8 United States District Judge 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 13