ACCEPTED 12-14-00080-CR TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS TYLER, TEXAS 4/20/2015 1:20:22 AM CATHY LUSK CLERK
CASE NO. 12-14-00080-CR
IN THE FILED IN 12th COURT OF APPEALS TWELFTH COURT OF APPEALS TYLER, TEXAS TYLER, TEXAS 4/20/2015 1:20:22 AM CATHY S. LUSK Clerk STATE OF TEXAS V. FELIPE CASTRO
On Appeal from the
349TH District Court, Houston County, Texas
(Trial Court No. 13CR-058) Hon. Pam Foster Fletcher, Judge Presiding
BRIEF OF APPELLANT
WILLIAM M. CURLEY TBC #05257100 507 N. Church St. Palestine, Texas 75801 (903) 723-6757
COUNSEL FOR APPELLANT
TO THE HONORABLE JUDGE OF SAID COURT:
COMES NOW, Felipe Castro, the Appellant, and files this his Brief of
Appeal in the above entitled and numbered cause. IDENTITY OF PARTIES AND COUNSEL
Trial Parties and Counsel
Felipe Castro, Defendant
William Curley Attorney for Defendant 507 N. Church St. Palestine, Texas 75801
State of Texas
Donna Gordon Kaspar Houston County District Attorney Trial Counsel for the State 401 East Houston Ave. Crockett, Texas 75835
Appellate Parties and Counsel Felipe Castro, Appellant
William M. Curley Attorney for Appellant 507 N. Church St. Palestine, Texas 75801
State of Texas, Appellee
Donna Gordon Kaspar Houston County District Attorney Appellate Counsel for the State 401 East Houston Ave. Crockett, Texas 75835
2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of Contents.................................……………...…….....….…..…… 3
Index of Authorities.....................................……………..………..…….... 6
Statement of the Case ........................................……………………....….. 7
Issues Presented
Point of Error Number One..............................……….…….…...…. 8
The trial court erred in overruling Appellant’s Motion to Suppress the oral recorded statement that Appellant gave to police.
Point of Error Number Two...........................………..……….….... 8
The evidence is legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for Aggravated Kidnapping.
Point of Error Number Three...........................………..……….….... 8
The evidence is legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for Aggravated Sexual Assault.
Point of Error Number Four...........................………..……….….... 8
The trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense of Sexual Assault.
Point of Error Number Five...........................………..……….….... 8
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor made improper jury arguments that were outside the record.
3 Point of Error Number Six.............................………..……….….... 8
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor misstated the law.
Statement of Facts ………………………………………....……….…… 9
Point of Error Number One Restated……………………………..……… 14
Summary of the Argument…………………………….…….……. 14
Argument…………………………………………….…………… 15
Point of Error Number Two Restated……………………………..…. 18
Summary of the Argument…………………………….…….……. 18
Argument…………………………………………….…………… 18
Point of Error Number Three Restated……………………………..…. 20
Summary of the Argument…………………………….…….……. 20
Argument…………………………………………….…………… 20
Point of Error Number Four Restated……………………………..…. 22
Summary of the Argument…………………………….…….……. 22
Argument…………………………………………….…………… 22
Point of Error Number Five Restated……………………………..…. 23
Summary of the Argument…………………………….…….……. 24
Argument…………………………………………….…………… 24
4 Point of Error Number Six Restated……..…………………………..…. 25
Summary of the Argument…………………………….…….……. 25
Argument…………………………………………….…………… 26
Prayer...................……………….................................…..........…..……… 27
Certificate of Compliance......……………….....................................…...….. 28
Certificate of Service......……………….....................................…...…….. 28
5 INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
CASES PAGE
Hernandez v. State, 13 S.W.3d 78 (Tex. App. – Texarkana 2000, no 15 pet) Nonn v. State, 69 S.W. 3d (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2001) 16 Dowthitt v. State, 931 S.W.2d 244 (Tex. Crim. App. – 1996) 16 Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539 (Tex. Crim. App. – 1990) 17 Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (1979) 18,19,20 Santella v. State, 939 S.W. 2d 155 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997) 18,20 Fuller v. State, 73 S. W. 3d 250 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002)) 19,20 Laster v. State, 275 S.W.2d 512 (Tex. Crim. App. – 2009) 19 Moore v. State, 802 S.W.2d 367 (Tex. App. – Dallas 1990, pet. 21 ref’d) Webb v. State, 801 S.W.2d 529 (Tex. Crim. App. – 1990) 21 Ex Parte Watson, 306 S.W.3d 259 (Tex. Crim. App. – 2010) 23 Hall v. State, 225 S.W.3d 524 (Tex. Crim. App. – 2007) 23 Person v. State, 706 S.W.2d 153 (Tex. App. – Houston [1st Dist.] 24,26 1986, no pet.) See, Prado v. State, 626 S.W.2d 775 (Tex. Crim. App. – 1982) 24,25 Peak v. State, 57 S.W.3d 14, 19-21 (Tex. App. – Houston [14th 25,26 Dist.] 2001, no pet.)
CODES PAGE Tex. Code Crim. Pro. Art. 38.22 15, 16, 17 Tex. Pen. Code §22.021 21 Tex. Pen. Code §1.07 21 Tex. Code Crim. Pro. Article 37.09 23
6 STATEMENT OF THE CASE
On March 25, 2013, Appellant was indicted by a Houston County
grand jury for the following felony offenses: two counts of Aggravated Sexual
Assault, one count of Assault by Strangulation and one count of Aggravated
Kidnapping. (C.R. p. 25). A jury was selected on March 17, 2014. ( R.R. Vol. 1).
Presentation of evidence began on March 18, 2014. (R.R. Vol. 3). The jury found
Appellant guilty of one count of Aggravated Sexual Assault, Assault by
Strangulation and Aggravated Kidnapping. The jury acquitted Appellant on one
count of Aggravated Sexual Assault. (C.R. pp. 120-124). The same jury
sentenced Appellant on the count of Aggravated Sexual Assault to 40 years in the
Texas Department of Criminal Justice – Institutional Division; on the count of
Assault by Strangulation to 10 years in the Texas Department of Criminal Justice
– Institutional Division; and on the count of Aggravated Kidnapping to 40 years in
the Texas Department of Criminal Justice – Institutional Division. (C.R. p. 149-
151).
For convenience sake, volumes cited from the reporter’s record will be
referred to as (R.R.). The clerk’s record will be referred to as (C.R.).
7 ISSUES PRESENTED
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE
The trial court erred in overruling Appellant’s Motion to Suppress the oral
recorded statement that Appellant gave to police.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER TWO
The evidence is legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for Aggravated
Kidnapping.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER THREE
The evidence is legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for Aggravated
Sexual Assault.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER FOUR
The trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury on the lesser included
offense of Sexual Assault.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER FIVE
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor
made improper jury arguments that were outside the record.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER SIX
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor
8 misstated the law.
STATEMENT OF FACTS
On Thursday morning, February 7, 2013, Vashae Means returned to her
home in Crockett after working the 5 p.m. to 2 a.m. shift at Pilgrim’s Pride in
Lufkin. She arrived at her home at approximately 4 a.m. Means lived with
Appellant, their two minor children and Appellant’s adult sister, Gloria Castro.
(R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 117-29, 50-53). After arriving home, Appellant accused Means
of smelling like a condom. After arguing with her and confirming that Means was
having an affair with another man, Appellant began beating Means. Over the next
several days until early the following Tuesday morning, Appellant beat Means
with his fists, a belt, brooms, a vacuum cleaner, bathroom rod, a chair and broken
pieces of the foregoing. Appellant choked Means. He burned her with an electric
heater. He cut her with a knife. Appellant carved the name of the man, Reko, with
whom Means was having an affair, into her back. Appellant sodomized Means.
(R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 31-38, 63, 162-169, 174-177).
Their residence did not have running water. So, the household bathed and
did their laundry at the house of Appellant’s father. Means did not go over to the
house of Appellant’s father after the beatings began. Appellant, however, went
over on Saturday, Sunday and Monday. While at his father’s house on Saturday,
9 Appellant was able to access the internet and read the Facebook postings by Reko
concerning the affair with Means. This enraged Appellant and he returned home
and assaulted Means again. (R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 76-77, 174-177).
Means was unable to go back to work. On Thursday and Friday, the lady
who gave her a ride to work came by the house. Means did not speak to her.
Means was alone in the house at the time. Means said she did not leave because
she was afraid. (R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 58, 64-66). On Friday, everyone in the house
went to the zoo in Lufkin. (R.R. Vol. 7, p. 171).
On Friday, the entire household went to the zoo in Lufkin. (Vol. 7, p. 171).
On Sunday, Appellant went to his father’s house and fell asleep. (Vol. 7, pp. 80,
181-182).
On Monday Appellant went to obtain his income tax refund of $4500.00.
(R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 184-186). The entire household then went to Radio Shack and
WalMart. These outings were recorded on security cameras. Appellant initially
went in to Radio Shack alone. Appellant then returned with Means and went into
Radio Shack and purchased smart phones. Gloria and the children remained in the
van. Appellant and Means were in Radio Shack for over an hour. While in the
store, Appellant and Means were apart at various times. (R.R. Vol. 6, pp. 9-16).
10 They purchased three phones, one each for Appellant, Means and Gloria. (R.R.
Vol. 7, pp. 60-61.)
The store employees were concerned about Means because of her
appearance. One of the employees was alone with Means for a brief time. When
Means failed to ask for help or talk to her, the employee left it alone. Means said
she said nothing because her lip was busted and bleeding. (R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 9-12,
43).
After leaving Radio Shack, Appellant and his two sons went into WalMart
for about 20 minutes while Gloria and Means stayed in the van. (R.R. Vol. 6,
pp.22).
After going home, Appellant read more messages on Facebook from Reko..
That night he again confronted Means. Means stated he began hitting her again.
Later that night, early Tuesday morning, Means ran from the house. Appellant
chased after her, but was unable to catch Means. A neighbor called the police after
Means came knocking on her door. (R.R. Vol. 7, pp. 44-45, 191-192).
Means told the police at the scene that Appellant had beaten her, had used
various items including an electric heater. The officers could not recall what the
items were. (R.R. Vol. 2, pp. 9-11, Vol. 3 p. 7). The police located Appellant at
his father’s house at 3:30 a.m. The police informed Appellant they were
11 investigating the assault on Means. Appellant was handcuffed, taken into custody
and transported to the Sheriff’s office. (R.R. Vol. 2, pp. 18-25). Investigators
interviewed Means at 5 a.m. at the hospital. Means told the investigators that
Appellant had beaten her with a chair, brooms, sticks, a vacuum cleaner, burned
her with a heater, and had sodomized her. (R.R. Vol. 3, p. 30.)
The investigators then went to the Sheriff’s office where they interviewed
Appellant. Prior to the interview, they photographed Appellant’s clothes and
person. An audio recording was made of the interview. The investigators gave
Appellant his “Miranda” rights, however, they did not warn Appellant he had the
right to terminate the interview at any time. Appellant admitted to beating Means
but denied having anything but consensual sex with her. (R.R. Vol. 2, pp. 55-56,
State’s Exhibit 201, Defendant’s Exhibit 1). Appellant was never told he was free
to leave. (R.R. Vol. 2, pp. 38, 69). Appellant was booked into jail after the
interview. (R.R. Vol. 2, p. 66)
Means was suffering from renal failure when she was brought to the
Emergency Room in Crockett. This was treated by hydration via an intravenous
tube. After being transported to the Tyler hospital, Appellant underwent surgery
for the puncture wound to her elbow and her orbital fracture. The last progress
note from the Tyler hospital states “no visual problems or difficulties”, her elbow
12 has “full range of motion” and “no pain”, “renal failure improving”, and “no other
problems or difficulties”. No physician testified regarding long-term medical
issues relating to the assault. (R.R. Vol. 6, p. 59, State’s Exhibit 205).
Later that morning, the police obtained and executed a search warrant for
Appellant’s residence. At the residence, the police recover the electric heater, the
broken chair, pieces of the broom and rake.
The trial court denied Appellant’s Motion to Suppress the statement he gave
to police. (R.R. Vol. 4, p. 4).
Appellant requested a jury charge on the lesser included offense of Sexual
Assault. The trial court denied this request. (R.R. Vol. 7, p. 222).
During the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor made the following
statements in closing arguments:
“We see people that have assaulted their spouse or significant other, we have
even seen them shoot them, but that’s about where the similarities stop in this case.
There’s a whole lot more that is not typical about this case”. (R.R. Vol. 9, p. 59).
“I mean, he did it multiple times he used multiple implements he did
multiple things to her you don’t usually see sexual assault when somebody just
belows [sic] up over something you don’t usually see kidnapping when somebody
blows up….”. (R.R. Vol. 9, p. 60).
13 “He says he is remorseful. It is typical to have people say they are
remorseful.” (R.R. Vol. 9, p. 61).
“There are plenty of people in prison today doing a whole bunch of time that
I suspect would look at this kind of case and go, I cannot believe he did that.”
(R.R. Vol. 9, p. 62).
“…if you separated these three offenses if he committed one and was
convicted of it and committed the next one and convicted and committed the next
one and convicted he wouldn’t be probation there’s no way forgiving [sic] him
probation then AND the minimum would be a whole lot higher be more like 25 to
99 or life…”. (R.R. Vol. 9, pp. 62-63).
All objections to these arguments were overruled other than the first one.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER ONE RESTATED
The trial court erred in overruling Appellant’s Motion to Suppress the oral
SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
Appellant’s statement was a product of custodial interrogation. Appellant
was not advised that he had the right to terminate the interview at any time. Tex.
Code Crim. Pro. Art. 38.22 states that for a statement to be admissible, this
warning must be given.
14 ARGUMENT
Tex. Code Crim. Pro. Art. 38.22 states:
“Sec. 3.(a) No oral or sign language statement of an accused made as a
result of custodial interrogation shall be admissible against the accused in a
criminal proceeding unless…
“(2) prior to the statement but during the recording the accused is
given the warning in Subsection (a) of Section 2 above and the accused
knowingly, intelligently, and voluntarily waives any rights set out in the
warning.”
Subsection (a) of Section 2 requires that the accused be given the
following warning:
“(5) he has the right to terminate the interview at any time…”.
In the present case it is undisputed that Appellant was not given the
above warning. Although the courts have held that “substantial compliance” is
sufficient to meet the requirements of Art. 38.22, the courts have held that the
complete omission of the above warning renders the statement inadmissible at
trial. Hernandez v. State, 13 S.W.3d 78 (Tex. App. – Texarkana 2000, no pet),
15 Nonn v. State, 69 S.W. 3d (Tex. App. – Corpus Christi 2001), aff'd 117 S.W.3d
874 (Tex. Crim. App. 2003).
At the trial level, the State advanced the following theories to circumvent
the requirements of Art. 38.22:
1. Appellant was not in custody
2. The exception in Art. 38.22 §3(c) applies in that the statement
contained assertions of facts which were found to be true and conduced to
establish the guilt of Appellant.
The Court of Criminal Appeals has outlined 4 general situations which may
constitute custody: (1) when the suspect is physically deprived of his freedom of
action in any significant way, (2) when a law enforcement officer tells the suspect
that he cannot leave, (3) when law enforcement officers create a situation that
would lead a reasonable person to believe that his freedom of movement has been
significantly restricted, and (4) when there is probable cause to arrest and law
enforcement officers do not tell the suspect that he is free to leave. Dowthitt v.
State, 931 S.W.2d 244, 255 (Tex. Crim. App. – 1996).
In the present case the facts showing that Appellant was in custody at the
time he made his statement are as follows: the police had identified Appellant as
16 having beaten Means; the police had chased down Appellant at his father’s house
and had placed Appellant in handcuffs at his father’s house; the police had
informed him they were investigating the assault of Means; the police transported
Appellant to the Sheriff’ s Office handcuffed in a patrol car; the police then went
to the hospital and interviewed Means and obtained more specific facts
concerning the assault on Means by Appellant; hours after taking Appellant into
custody, the police returned to the Sheriff’s Office and photographed Appellant’s
clothes and person; the police then took the statement from Appellant and
formally charged him immediately afterward.
Regarding the exception found in Art. 38.22 §3 (c), the Court of Criminal
Appeals has held that the requirement contained therein of facts or circumstances
“found to be true”, means facts or circumstances about which the police are
unaware at the time of the confession. Romero v. State, 800 S.W.2d 539, 544-
545 (Tex. Crim. App. – 1990). The confession must reveal facts and
circumstances which lead to the discovery of items previously unknown to the
State. Romero, at 545.
In the present case, the police were aware of the various items that
Appellant had used during the assault on Means from the interviews with Means
that had occurred prior to the taking of Appellant’s statement. 17 Appellant requests that the Court sustain Point of Error Number One.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER TWO RESTATED
The evidence is legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for Aggravated
Aggravated Kidnapping requires the State prove that Appellant had the
specific intent to prevent Means’ liberation by secreting or holding her in a place
where she was not likely to be found. The evidence shows that during all relevant
times, Appellant and Means were in public places together, or at Means’residence
with other people present, or Means was alone at her residence with freedom to
stay or leave.
ARGUMENT
In reviewing a record for legal sufficiency, the court should view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, and then determine whether
any rational finder of fact could have found all of the evidential elements of the
offense proven beyond reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307
(1979); Santella v. State, 939 S.W. 2d 155 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). The
Jackson standard measures evidentiary sufficiency against the “substantial”
18 elements of the criminal offense as defined by state law. Jackson, at f.n. 16;
Fuller v. State, 73 S. W. 3d 250, at 252 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
To obtain a conviction for Aggravated Kidnapping, the State was
required to prove that Appellant had the specific intent to prevent Means’
liberation by secreting or holding her in a place where she was not likely to be
found. Laster v. State, 275 S.W.2d 512, 521 (Tex. Crim. App. – 2009). During
the entire 5 day period in which Appellant assaulted Means, there is no evidence
that Appellant had the intent to secret Means. Means was left at home alone
during this time period on several occasions. A co-worker came by to give
Means a ride to work when Means was alone and indeed observed the co-
worker. Appellant and Means went into Radio Shack where Means was left
alone with the store personnel. Means was never bound or locked in at any
location. Means purchased a cellphone for herself while she was with Appellant
that gave her the opportunity to communicate with anyone and everyone.
Although Appellant engaged in assaultive behavior toward Means, there is no
evidence to support that he had the intent to hide or secret Means so that she
could not be found.
Appellant requests that the Court sustain Point of Error Number Two.
19 POINT OF ERROR NUMBER THREE RESTATED
The evidence is legally insufficient to sustain a conviction for Aggravated
One of the required elements of Aggravated Sexual Assault is proof that
Appellant caused serious bodily injury or attempted to cause the death of Means.
Although, Appellant caused bodily injury, the evidence is insufficient to show
serious bodily injury or an attempt to cause the death of Means.
In reviewing a record for legal sufficiency, the court should view the
evidence in the light most favorable to the verdict, and then determine whether
any rational finder of fact could have found all of the evidential elements of the
offense proven beyond reasonable doubt. Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307
(1979); Santella v. State, 939 S.W. 2d 155 (Tex. Crim. App. 1997). The Jackson
standard measures evidentiary sufficiency against the “substantial” elements of
the criminal offense as defined by state law. Jackson, at f.n. 16; Fuller v. State,
73 S. W. 3d 250, at 252 (Tex. Crim. App. 2002).
A necessary element of Aggravated Sexual Assault as alleged in the
indictment is that Appellant caused serious bodily injury or attempted to cause 20 the death of Means. (C.R. p. 26 , Tex. Pen. Code §22.021(a)(2)(A)(i)). There is
no evidence in the record that Appellant attempted to cause the death of Means.
“Serious bodily injury” is defined as bodily injury that creates a substantial risk
of death or that causes death, serious permanent disfigurement, or protracted
loss or impairment of the function of any bodily member or organ. Tex. Pen.
Code §1.07(a)(46).
The existence of serious bodily injury is determined by the injury as
inflicted. The State may not transform an injury into serious bodily injury
through use of speculative testimony about what might have occurred had the
injury not been medically treated. Moore v. State, 802 S.W.2d 367, 370 (Tex.
App. – Dallas 1990, pet. ref’d). The State should provide medical evidence of
the degree of injury; the victim’s testimony alone is generally not sufficient to
prove this element. Webb v. State, 801 S.W.2d 529, 532-533 (Tex. Crim. App.
– 1990).
Means was suffering from renal failure when she was brought to the
Emergency Room in Crockett. This was treated by hydration via an intravenous
tube. After being transported to the Tyler hospital, Appellant underwent surgery
for the puncture wound to her elbow and her orbital fracture. The last progress
note from the Tyler hospital states “no visual problems or difficulties”, her 21 elbow has “full range of motion” and “no pain”, “renal failure improving”, and
“no other problems or difficulties”. No physician testified regarding long-term
medical issues relating to the assault.
Appellant requests that the Court sustain Point of Error Number Three.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER FOUR RESTATED
The trial court erred in failing to instruct the jury on the lesser
included offense of Sexual Assault.
Sexual Assault is a lesser included offense of Aggravated Sexual Assault.
The jury could have rationally found that Means did not suffer serious bodily
injury, so as to find Appellant was guilty only of the lesser included offense of
The determination of whether a lesser included offense instruction must be
given requires a two-step analysis. First, it must be determined whether the
requested offense has the relationship of a lesser included offense to the offense
charged in the indictment. Second, the evidence at trial must be considered to
determine whether there is a basis for the jury to conclude that the defendant may
be found guilty only of the charged offense, which means that there must be a
22 reasonable view of the evidence from which the jury may conclude the defendant
is not guilty of the charged offense but possibly guilty of the requested lesser
included offense.
An offense is a lesser included offense of another offense, under Article
37.09(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, if the indictment for the greater-
inclusive offense alleges all of the elements of the lesser-included offense. Ex
Parte Watson, 306 S.W.3d 259, 273 (Tex. Crim. App. – 2010). In the present case
sexual assault is a lesser included offense of aggravated sexual assault in that the
indictment alleges all of the elements of sexual assault.
Anything more than a scintilla of evidence is sufficient to entitle the
defendant to an instruction on the lesser included offense. Hall v. State, 225
S.W.3d 524, 535-536 (Tex. Crim. App. – 2007). In the present case, there existed
a fact question as to whether Appellant had caused seriously bodily injury or
attempted to caused the death of Means. (See Point of Error Number Three
above).
Appellant requests that the Court sustain Point of Error Number Four.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER FIVE RESTATED
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor
23 SUMMARY OF THE ARGUMENT
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor
injected facts outside the record. The improper arguments were extreme and
manifestly improper and injected new and harmful facts into the trial.
Jury arguments should be confined to the following areas: (1) summation of
the evidence, (2) reasonable deduction from the evidence, (3) answer to argument
of opposing counsel, and (4) plea for law enforcement. Argument that falls outside
these areas and that are extreme or manifestly improper or inject new and harmful
facts, and are reversible on appeal. Person v. State, 706 S.W.2d 153, 154 (Tex.
App. – Houston [1st Dist.] 1986, no pet.).
There was no evidence in the record that the sexual assault and kidnapping
are “not seen” or “not typical” in crimes involving family violence. Nor is there
evidence that it is typical for a defendant to be remorseful. Nor is there evidence in
the record that there are a whole lot of inmates in prison that would look at
Appellant’s conduct and find it so heinous as to recoil in disbelief.
The prosecutor’s arguments are similar to the improper arguments made in
Prado v. State, where the court held it was reversible error for the prosecutor to
argue if the community knew what the defendant did, it would want the defendant
24 to go to the penitentiary. See, Prado v. State, 626 S.W.2d 775 (Tex. Crim. App. –
1982).
There is no assurance the prosecutor’s improper argument had no effect
on the jury’s assessment of punishment. Not only were new and harmful “facts”
put before the jury, but the trial court compounded the error by overruling the
objections. There is no certainty that the jury would have assessed the 40 years
on the Aggravated Sexual Assault and Aggravated Kidnapping charges and 10
years on the Assault charge, absent the error. Peak v. State, 57 S.W.3d 14, 19-21
(Tex. App. – Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, no pet.)..
Appellant requests that the Court sustain Point of Error Number Five.
POINT OF ERROR NUMBER SIX RESTATED
During final argument in the punishment phase of the trial, the prosecutor
misstated the law.
During final argument in the punishment the prosecutor misstated the law as
it applied to this case. The improper arguments were extreme and manifestly
improper in that the jury was essentially told that 25 years to life was the range of
punishment.
25 ARGUMENT
Jury arguments should be confined to the following areas: (1) summation of
the evidence, (2) reasonable deduction from the evidence, (3) answer to argument
of opposing counsel, and (4) plea for law enforcement. Argument that falls outside
these areas and that are extreme or manifestly improper or inject new and harmful
facts, and are reversible on appeal. Person v. State, 706 S.W.2d 153, 154 (Tex.
The prosecutor told the jury that the law states that if Appellant had been
tried separately for the three crimes for which he was convicted, he would be
facing a minimum sentence of 25 years. This was misleading to the jury, in that
Appellant’s range of punishment ranged from 2-10 years for the Assault by
Strangulation, and 5-99 years or life for the Aggravated Kidnapping and
Aggravated Sexual Assault. In addition, he was eligible for probation on each
conviction. The prosecutor’s argument was a misstatement of the law and
designed to confuse and mislead the jury.
It is improper for the prosecutor to incorrectly state the law contrary to
the trial court’s instruction. Peak v. State, 57 S.W.3d 14, 19 (Tex. App. –
Houston [14th Dist.] 2001, no pet.). There is no assurance that this misstatement
26 of the law had no effect on the jury’s assessment of punishment. Not only was
the jury misled, but the trial court compounded the error by overruling the
objection. There is no certainty that the jury would have assessed the 40 years on
the Aggravated Sexual Assault and Aggravated Kidnapping charges and 10 years
on the Assault charge, absent the error. See, Peak, supra at 19 – 21.
Appellant requests that the Court sustain Point of Error Number Six.
PRAYER
WHEREFORE, PREMISE CONSIDERED, Appellants prays this Honorable
Court to sustain the point of errors raised above, vacate the judgment and reverse
and render an acquittal or remand the case for new trial.
Respectfully submitted,
William M. Curley, P.C. 507 N. Church St. Palestine, Tx 75801 (903) 723-6757 (903) 727-0554
By:/s/ William M. Curley William M. Curley State Bar No. 05257100 Attorney for Appellant
27 CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
I certify that pursuant to Tex. R. App. Pro. 9.4(i)(3), in reliance on the word
count of the computer program used to prepare this document, the word count of
this document is 4,936.
/s/ William M. Curley William M. Curley
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that a true copy of Appellant’s Brief was served in accordance with
rule 9.5 of the Texas Rules of Appellate Procedure on each party or that party's
lead counsel as follows:
Party: State of Texas
Lead attorney: Donna Gordon Kaspar
Address: 401 East Houston Ave., Crockett, Tx 75835
Method of service: email to dgordon@co.houston.tx.us
Date of service: April 20, 2015