[Cite as Father & Son Property Maintenance, L.L.C. v. Maxim Ents., Inc., 2011-Ohio-689.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
FATHER & SON PROPERTY JUDGES: MAINTENANCE, LLC Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs- Case No. 2010 CA 00116
MAXIM ENTERPRISES, INC. OPINION Defendant-Appellant
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Canton Municipal Court, Case No. 2009 CVF 5350
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 14, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
STEPHEN J. KANDEL DARREN W. DEHAVEN 101 Central Plaza South, Suite 1003 12370 Cleveland Avenue, NW Canton, Ohio 44702 Uniontown, Ohio 44685 Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Maxim Enterprises, Inc. appeals the April 13, 2010,
decision of the Canton Municipal Court finding in favor of Plaintiff-Appellee Father &
Son Property Maintenance, LLC, and granting judgment in the amount of $11,545.70.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
{¶2} The relevant facts are as follows:
{¶3} Appellant Maxim Enterprises, Inc. ("Maxim") is a property preservation
company which, on behalf of banks and lenders, performs property preservation
services on foreclosed (and other) properties through several subcontractors.
{¶4} Appellee Father & Son Property Maintenance, LLC is one of those
subcontractors who performed property preservation services, such as lawn mowing, as
a subcontractor for Appellant Maxim in 2008.
{¶5} The contract terms between Maxim and Father & Son were never
memorialized in writing. Part of the agreement between the two parties was that Father
& Son had to take “before and after” pictures of the property. Also, Father & Son had to
complete the work on time, or they would not receive payment. Lastly, Maxim told
Father & Son that they would not receive payment until after Maxim received payment
from the bank.
{¶6} Although these conditions were presented to Father & Son as mandatory
before payment would be made, Maxim failed to comply with these conditions
precedent. From the beginning of the business relationship, Maxim supplied Father &
Son with work orders that were already past due. Maxim assured Father & Son that
they would be paid even though they were getting the orders late. Father & Son did the Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 3
work, and Maxim paid without waiting for the payment from bank. Terri Shisler, officer
manager for Father & Son, testified that Maxim would send her work orders, Father &
Son would perform the work, and then Maxim would pay.
{¶7} This relationship continued with Maxim paying approximately $63,602.90
to Father & Son for work performed. However, Maxim failed to pay Father and Son for
several invoices, totaling $14,045.70.
{¶8} On July 23, 2010, Appellee Father & Son filed a Complaint in the Canton
Municipal Court alleging breach of contract, action on account, and unjust enrichment
against Appellant Maxim Enterprises, Inc.
{¶9} On October 10, 2010, Maxim filed its Answer.
{¶10} On March 23, 2010, a bench trial was held before Judge Belden.
{¶11} On April 13, 2010, the Canton Municipal Court issued a Judgment Entry
finding for Plaintiff in the amount of $11,545.70. The trial court found that the
uncontested evidence showed that “Maxim paid Father & Son for at least some of the
work, work that had been piling up while Maxim located a subcontractor, without first
being reimbursed itself by the banks.” (April 13, 2010 Judgment Entry at 2). The trial
court found that such conduct on the part of Maxim “operated as a waiver of its rights
under the condition precedent” and that Father & Son was therefore, “entitled to be paid
for the work done that it can prove.” Id. at 3.
{¶12} Appellant now appeals, assigning the following errors for review: Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 4
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶13} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS APPLICATION OF THE
DOCTRINE OF WAIVER BY FINDING ANY WAIVER OF A CONDITION PRECEDENT
WAS PERMANENT.
{¶14} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CALCULATING THE AMOUNT OF
DAMAGES.”
I.
{¶15} In its first assignment of error, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in
its application of the doctrine of waiver. We disagree.
{¶16} The construction and interpretation of a contract is a matter of law. See
Latina v. Woodpath Development Co. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 212, 214, citing Alexander
v. Buckeye Pipe Line Co. (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 241.
{¶17} When interpreting a contract, this Court's role “is to give effect to the intent
of the parties to the agreement.” Westfield Ins. Co. v. Galatis, 100 Ohio St.3d 216,
2003-Ohio-5849, ¶ 11, citing Hamilton Ins. Serv. Inc. v. Nationwide Ins. Cos. (1999), 86
Ohio St.3d 270; citing Employers' Liab. Assur. Corp. v. Roehm (1919), 99 Ohio St. 343,
syllabus; Section 28, Article II, Ohio Constitution.
{¶18} In the case sub judice, the parties never reduced their verbal agreement to
writing. However, the contract terms do not seem to be in dispute. The parties both
agree that the original terms of the contract were that Appellee would not be paid for
work performed after the due date and further Appellee would not receive payment for
work performed until after Appellant received payment from the bank. Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 5
{¶19} Appellee herein claims that although these were in fact the original terms
of the verbal contract, Appellant waived these conditions precedent from the very
beginning by giving Appellee work orders that were already past due and providing
assurances to Appellee that it would be paid for work orders issued past the due date.
Similarly, Appellant also paid Appellee on a number of occasions before it was paid by
the bank.
{¶20} A condition precedent is an act or event that must occur before the
agreement of the parties become operative. Johnston v. Cochran, Franklin App. No.
06AP-1065, 2007-Ohio-4408, ¶ 12. If a condition precedent is not fulfilled, the parties
are excused from performing under the contract. Id. “Essentially, a condition precedent
requires that an act must take place before a duty to perform a promise arises. If the
condition is not fulfilled, the parties are excused from performing.” Atelier Dist., LLC v.
Parking Co. of Am., Inc., 10th Dist. No. 07AP-87, 2007-Ohio-7138, ¶ 35
{¶21} A condition precedent may be waived by the party for whose benefit it
existed. Cornett v. Fryman (Jan. 27, 1992), Warren App. No. CA91-04-031, at 5. A
waiver is an intentional relinquishment of a known right which may be made by express
words or by conduct. Id.; White Co. v. Canton Transp. Co. (1936), 131 Ohio St. 190, 2
N.E.2d 501. To establish a waiver, the party alleging it “must prove a clear, unequivocal,
decisive act of the party against whom the waiver is asserted, showing such a purpose
or acts amounting to an estoppel on his part.” Cornett at 5.
{¶22} “In Ohio, the general rule is that performance of a condition precedent
may be waived by the party to whom the benefit of the condition runs; the waiver may
arise expressly or by implication, and the key to its application in a particular case is a Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 6
showing of some performance pursuant to the terms of the contract.” Mangan v. Prima
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[Cite as Father & Son Property Maintenance, L.L.C. v. Maxim Ents., Inc., 2011-Ohio-689.]
COURT OF APPEALS STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
FATHER & SON PROPERTY JUDGES: MAINTENANCE, LLC Hon. W. Scott Gwin, P. J. Hon. Sheila G. Farmer, J. Plaintiff-Appellee Hon. John W. Wise, J.
-vs- Case No. 2010 CA 00116
MAXIM ENTERPRISES, INC. OPINION Defendant-Appellant
CHARACTER OF PROCEEDING: Civil Appeal from the Canton Municipal Court, Case No. 2009 CVF 5350
JUDGMENT: Affirmed
DATE OF JUDGMENT ENTRY: February 14, 2011
APPEARANCES:
For Plaintiff-Appellee For Defendant-Appellant
STEPHEN J. KANDEL DARREN W. DEHAVEN 101 Central Plaza South, Suite 1003 12370 Cleveland Avenue, NW Canton, Ohio 44702 Uniontown, Ohio 44685 Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 2
Wise, J.
{¶1} Defendant-Appellant Maxim Enterprises, Inc. appeals the April 13, 2010,
decision of the Canton Municipal Court finding in favor of Plaintiff-Appellee Father &
Son Property Maintenance, LLC, and granting judgment in the amount of $11,545.70.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE AND FACTS
{¶2} The relevant facts are as follows:
{¶3} Appellant Maxim Enterprises, Inc. ("Maxim") is a property preservation
company which, on behalf of banks and lenders, performs property preservation
services on foreclosed (and other) properties through several subcontractors.
{¶4} Appellee Father & Son Property Maintenance, LLC is one of those
subcontractors who performed property preservation services, such as lawn mowing, as
a subcontractor for Appellant Maxim in 2008.
{¶5} The contract terms between Maxim and Father & Son were never
memorialized in writing. Part of the agreement between the two parties was that Father
& Son had to take “before and after” pictures of the property. Also, Father & Son had to
complete the work on time, or they would not receive payment. Lastly, Maxim told
Father & Son that they would not receive payment until after Maxim received payment
from the bank.
{¶6} Although these conditions were presented to Father & Son as mandatory
before payment would be made, Maxim failed to comply with these conditions
precedent. From the beginning of the business relationship, Maxim supplied Father &
Son with work orders that were already past due. Maxim assured Father & Son that
they would be paid even though they were getting the orders late. Father & Son did the Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 3
work, and Maxim paid without waiting for the payment from bank. Terri Shisler, officer
manager for Father & Son, testified that Maxim would send her work orders, Father &
Son would perform the work, and then Maxim would pay.
{¶7} This relationship continued with Maxim paying approximately $63,602.90
to Father & Son for work performed. However, Maxim failed to pay Father and Son for
several invoices, totaling $14,045.70.
{¶8} On July 23, 2010, Appellee Father & Son filed a Complaint in the Canton
Municipal Court alleging breach of contract, action on account, and unjust enrichment
against Appellant Maxim Enterprises, Inc.
{¶9} On October 10, 2010, Maxim filed its Answer.
{¶10} On March 23, 2010, a bench trial was held before Judge Belden.
{¶11} On April 13, 2010, the Canton Municipal Court issued a Judgment Entry
finding for Plaintiff in the amount of $11,545.70. The trial court found that the
uncontested evidence showed that “Maxim paid Father & Son for at least some of the
work, work that had been piling up while Maxim located a subcontractor, without first
being reimbursed itself by the banks.” (April 13, 2010 Judgment Entry at 2). The trial
court found that such conduct on the part of Maxim “operated as a waiver of its rights
under the condition precedent” and that Father & Son was therefore, “entitled to be paid
for the work done that it can prove.” Id. at 3.
{¶12} Appellant now appeals, assigning the following errors for review: Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 4
ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶13} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN ITS APPLICATION OF THE
DOCTRINE OF WAIVER BY FINDING ANY WAIVER OF A CONDITION PRECEDENT
WAS PERMANENT.
{¶14} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CALCULATING THE AMOUNT OF
DAMAGES.”
I.
{¶15} In its first assignment of error, Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in
its application of the doctrine of waiver. We disagree.
{¶16} The construction and interpretation of a contract is a matter of law. See
Latina v. Woodpath Development Co. (1991), 57 Ohio St.3d 212, 214, citing Alexander
v. Buckeye Pipe Line Co. (1978), 53 Ohio St.2d 241.
{¶17} When interpreting a contract, this Court's role “is to give effect to the intent
of the parties to the agreement.” Westfield Ins. Co. v. Galatis, 100 Ohio St.3d 216,
2003-Ohio-5849, ¶ 11, citing Hamilton Ins. Serv. Inc. v. Nationwide Ins. Cos. (1999), 86
Ohio St.3d 270; citing Employers' Liab. Assur. Corp. v. Roehm (1919), 99 Ohio St. 343,
syllabus; Section 28, Article II, Ohio Constitution.
{¶18} In the case sub judice, the parties never reduced their verbal agreement to
writing. However, the contract terms do not seem to be in dispute. The parties both
agree that the original terms of the contract were that Appellee would not be paid for
work performed after the due date and further Appellee would not receive payment for
work performed until after Appellant received payment from the bank. Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 5
{¶19} Appellee herein claims that although these were in fact the original terms
of the verbal contract, Appellant waived these conditions precedent from the very
beginning by giving Appellee work orders that were already past due and providing
assurances to Appellee that it would be paid for work orders issued past the due date.
Similarly, Appellant also paid Appellee on a number of occasions before it was paid by
the bank.
{¶20} A condition precedent is an act or event that must occur before the
agreement of the parties become operative. Johnston v. Cochran, Franklin App. No.
06AP-1065, 2007-Ohio-4408, ¶ 12. If a condition precedent is not fulfilled, the parties
are excused from performing under the contract. Id. “Essentially, a condition precedent
requires that an act must take place before a duty to perform a promise arises. If the
condition is not fulfilled, the parties are excused from performing.” Atelier Dist., LLC v.
Parking Co. of Am., Inc., 10th Dist. No. 07AP-87, 2007-Ohio-7138, ¶ 35
{¶21} A condition precedent may be waived by the party for whose benefit it
existed. Cornett v. Fryman (Jan. 27, 1992), Warren App. No. CA91-04-031, at 5. A
waiver is an intentional relinquishment of a known right which may be made by express
words or by conduct. Id.; White Co. v. Canton Transp. Co. (1936), 131 Ohio St. 190, 2
N.E.2d 501. To establish a waiver, the party alleging it “must prove a clear, unequivocal,
decisive act of the party against whom the waiver is asserted, showing such a purpose
or acts amounting to an estoppel on his part.” Cornett at 5.
{¶22} “In Ohio, the general rule is that performance of a condition precedent
may be waived by the party to whom the benefit of the condition runs; the waiver may
arise expressly or by implication, and the key to its application in a particular case is a Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 6
showing of some performance pursuant to the terms of the contract.” Mangan v. Prima
Constr., Inc. (Apr. 9, 1987), 1st Dist. No. C-860234, citing Ohio Farmer's Ins. Co. v.
Cochran (1922), 104 Ohio St. 427.
{¶23} In the instant case, the record reflects that for at least the first month of
their agreement, Maxim paid Father & Son for work performed on late work orders,
without having first received payment from the bank. We find that Maxim performed its
part under the contract, i.e. paying for the mowing services, despite Father & Son's
failure to comply with the conditions precedent. We therefore find that Maxim is now
estopped from asserting such conditions precedent.
{¶24} Based on the foregoing, we do not find that the trial court erred in finding
that Appellant Maxim waived the conditions precedent.
{¶25} Appellant’s first assignment of error is overruled.
II.
{¶26} In its second assignment of error, Appellant argues that the trial court
erred in calculating damages. We disagree.
{¶27} A reviewing court will not reverse a trial court's decision regarding its
determination of damages absent an abuse of discretion. Kaufman v. Byers, 159 Ohio
App.3d 238, 823 N.E.2d 520, 2004-Ohio-6346, at ¶ 37. In order to find abuse of
discretion, we must determine the trial court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary or
unconscionable. Blakemore v. Blakemore (1983), 5 Ohio St.3d 217, 219, 450 N.E.2d
1140.
{¶28} Upon review of the record and the evidence presented, we find the trial
court did not abuse its discretion in the determination of damages. The trial court heard Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 7
evidence from Appellee’s witness, Terri Shisler, who provided documentation in support
of the $11,545.70 Appellee claimed was owed for work performed.
{¶29} Thus, there exists competent and credible evidence in the record to
support the judgment of the trial court on the amount of damages awarded. While
Appellant claims that the trial court “ignored overwhelming evidence that [Father & Son]
substantially failed to meet its various requirements for payment, both before and after
the condition precedent took effect,” (Appellant’s brief at 6) , the weight to be given the
evidence and the credibility of the witnesses are primarily for the trier of fact. Seasons
Coal Co. v. Cleveland (1984), 10 Oho St.3d 77; State v. DeHass (1967), 10 Ohio St.2d
230.
{¶30} Appellant’s second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶31} For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the Canton Municipal Court,
Stark County, Ohio, is affirmed.
By: Wise, J.
Gwin, P. J., and
Farmer, J., concur.
___________________________________
JUDGES JWW/d 0201 Stark County, Case No. 2010 CA 00116 8
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FOR STARK COUNTY, OHIO FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
FATHER & SON PROPERTY : MAINTENANCE, LLC : : Plaintiff-Appellee : : -vs- : JUDGMENT ENTRY : MAXIM ENTERPRISES, INC. : : Defendant-Appellant : Case No. 2010 CA 00116
For the reasons stated in our accompanying Memorandum-Opinion, the
judgment of the Canton Municipal Court, Stark County, Ohio, is affirmed.
Costs assessed to Appellant.
JUDGES