Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. v. Fidelity Trust Co.

86 F. 541, 30 C.C.A. 247, 1898 U.S. App. LEXIS 2313

Opinions

ROSS, Circuit. Judge.

This is an appeal from a judgment for $4,641, with costs, rendered against the Northern Pacific Railroad Company and Andrew F. Burleigh, receiver thereof, upon an intervening petition of the Fidelity Trust Company filed in the suit brought by the Farmers’ Loan & Trust Company against the Northern Pacific Railroad Company for the foreclosure of certain mortgages. The intervention was. based upon a draft drawn April 5, 1895, by one Paul Schulze, as general land agent of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, upon George S. Baxter, the treasurer of the company, at New York, for $4,200, and cashed by the petitioner in Tacoma, Wash., the day it bore date, upon its presentation at its bank in that city by Schulze. Before the draft was presented for payment in New York, Baxter had ceased to be treasurer of the comnany. His successor having refused to pay it, the petitioner sought by its intervention payment thereof out of the funds in the hands of the court, which payment was resisted by the receiver on the ground that Schulze had no authority to draw the draft, and that the money paid thereon by the petitioner was not devoted to the uses of the corporation or its receiver, but was wrongfully appropriated to the personal use of Schulze. That the money paid for the draft by the petitioner was appropriated by Schulze to his individual use, and that none of it was ever received by the Northern Pacific Railroad Company, or its receiver, is shown by the evidence, without conflict. The court below, however, gave the petitioner judgment, upon the ground that, by the course of business of the corporation and its receiver, Schulze, as the general land agent of the company, had been held out to the public, and to the petitioner in particular, as clothed with authority to draw such drafts as that in question, and that the railroad company and its receiver are estopped to deny the binding character of the draft in question by reason of three certain other prior drafts drawn by Schulze, as such general land agent, upon Baxter, as treasurer, for certain sums of money, each of which drafts was at the time cashed by the petitioner, and, upon its presentation to the drawee in New York, promptly paid by him. The first of those drafts was drawn September 20, 1894, for $4,925; the second was drawn March 15, 1895, for $3,500; and the third upon April 1,1895, for $4,700. The first two were presented by the petitioner, and were paid by the drawee, prior to the drawing of the draft in controversy. The third had not been paid by the drawee at the time when the draft in question was presented to the petitioner’s bank at Tacoma, and by it cashed, but was paid on the 8th day of April, 1895, — three days after the fourth draft was cashed by the petitioner. It appears from the deposition of Baxter that on May 9, 1892, he wrote to Schulze, saying:

“I understand all the outside land business of the company on the Pacific Ooast is in your charge; and before authorizing' any further draft for taxes, or any other purpose, I should have notice from you of any draft to he made.”

It further appears from Baxter’s deposition that when the draft of September 20,1894, was presented to him in New York, he telegraphed Schulze to know if it pertained to the company’s business, and received tlie answer that it was personal business, and that when the draft of March 15, 1895, was drawn, Schulze notified him of it by telegraph, and that Baxter answered, saying, “If it is personal, make the money payable to me personally,” and that Schulze complied with his direction, by sending him the money at New York to meet the draft when it was presented. When the draft of April 1st was presented, Baxter had ceased to be treasurer of the company, but he paid the same, as he had paid the preceding ones, — evidently from money sent to him by Schulze. Since all of these drafts were drawn by Schulze as general land agent of the company, it thus appears that Schulze’s rascality was connived at and aided by Baxter, the treasurer of the company. The petitioner’s bank was the depository of the funds of the Northern Pacific Kailroad Company at Tacoma, both before and during its receivership. It carried upon its books several accounts with the railroad company, which were not changed after the receivership, except by noting at the head of the accounts the fact of the receivership, with the names of the receivers. Those accounts were a general account, in which was deposited all the receipts of the station agents in Tacoma and the surrounding territory; the land-department account, in which was deposited the receipts of the Northern Pacific land department at Tacoma; the account of the Puget Sound & Alaska Steamship Company, which was controlled by the railroad company; a pay check and voucher account; a certificate account with the freight agent at Tacoma; and an account with Paul Schulze as general land agent of the company. This latter account was entirely separate and distinct from the account of the laud department, which was drawn against by the assistant treasurer of the company at St. Paul only. Schulze was empowered to manage and sell all of the lands of the company in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho, and to collect their proceeds. In pursuance of his powers, he drew drafts on the land commissioner and assistant treasurer of üie road at St. Paul for moneys with which to pay taxes upon the lands, and for refunding purchase moneys where necessary. lie was charged, too, it would seem, with some disreputable work for the road; for it appears from the record that he drew for and disbursed a political “corruption” fund, although it does not appear on whom he drew for the purpose, or how he disbursed the money. It appears, also, that in the year 1888 Schulze drew two drafts for $25,000 and $15,000, respectively, on the treasurer of the company at New York, which were paid; but these drafts were drawn through another bank than that of the petitioner, were never brought to the knowledge of the petitioner, so far as appears, and were drawn under special authority. The only drafts ever drawn by Schulze, as general land agent of the company, on its treasurer at New York, through the petitioner, or through any other medium with its knowledge, so far as the record shows, were the four drafts already mentioned, the fourth of which is the draft in controversy. The first (that of September 20, 1894, for $4,925) was deposited with the petitioner to the credit of Schulze as general land agent, and the amount of it subsequently checked out by him in the same capacity. The second and third drafts (those of March 15, 1895, for $3,500, and April 1, 1895, for $4,700) were cashed by the petitioner over its counter at the time they were respectively drawn. For the fourth draft, with $360 in cash, delivered by Schulze to the petitioner, petitioner issued in his individual name its certifícate of deposit for $4,500, which was returned to petitioner the next day by the Banlc of British Columbia, with Schulze’s indorsement thereon, and paid by the petitioner. If this was all, it would be clear that neither the Northern Pacific Railroad Company nor its receiver is responsible by reason of the draft in question; for it cannot be doubted that ordinarily an agent who undertakes to pledge th§ security of his principal for his own benefit must show express authority therefor, and that whoever deals with such an obligation does so at his peril. West St. Louis Sav. Bank v. Shawnee Co. Bank, 95 U. S. 557; Chrystie v. Foster, 9 C. C. A. 606, 61 Fed. 551; Anderson v. Kissam, 35 Fed. 699; Mechanics’ Bank v. New York & N. H. R. Co., 13 N. Y. 631. The only thing we find in the record that has any tendency to take the present case out of this most salutary rule is evidence to the effect that the petitioner had frequently issued its certificates of deposits in the individual name of the freight agent of the railroad company at Tacoma for moneys of the company deposited by him with the petitioner, and had also on a number of previous occasions issued similar certificates of deposit in the individual name of Schulze for moneys of the company deposited by him with the petitioner. But it hardly needs argument to prove that the defendant had no right to do anything of the sort. There is nothing in the record tending to show any authority in the freight agent at Tacoma, or in the general land agent, to take, for moneys of the company deposited with the petitioner, its certificate of deposit in his individual name, and nothing to show the principal’s knowledge of such conduct. The mere fact that such a certificate was asked for, for moneys of the company, was enough to put the petitioner upon inquiry as to why, for moneys of the principal, the agent wanted a certificate of deposit in his own name. For neither of the three previous drafts drawn by Schulze on the treasurer of the company at New York was a certificate of deposit issued by the petitioner. The amount of the first draft, as has been seen, was credited to Schulze, as land agent of the company; and the amounts of the second and third drafts, respectively, were paid to him, at the time they were drawn, over the counter of the bank, — presumably, for his principal, in whose behalf he had made the'draft. But when he came to draw the draft in question, which was for $4,200, he added $300 in cash, and asked for and received a certificate of deposit for $4,500 in his individual name. Here was a feature, and a most important one, that did not appear in respect to either of the preceding drafts drawn by Schulze, as general land agent, on the treasurer of the company at New York. When an agent draws a draft in the name of his principal, and receives from a bank the money therefor, the presumption, in the absence of any showing to the contrary, is that he receives the money in the same capacity in which he draws the draft; that is to say, as agent. B,ut when the agent, for such a draft, asks for and receives from the bank a certificate of deposit in his individual name, not only is such bank thereby put upon inquiry as to why, for money of the principal, the agent wants such certificate in his individual name, but such conduct — nothing to the contrary appearing — is equivalent to a declaration by the agent that the money is received by him in his individual capacity, and for his individual use; for certainly the legal presumption that follows the deposit of money in the individual name of a man is that the money so deposited is the property of the depositor. In the present case that presumption was strengthened by tlie fact ihat Behulze added §¡>00 in cash to the draft, and by the further fact that he then had, and for years had had, an account, as land agent of the railroad company, with the hank in question. The récord furl her shows that the president of the petitioner well knew that Schulze was very irregular and unreliable in his business methods, for he himself so ¿estilles; and the president of the petitioner further testifies that he had been, without his knowledge, made by Schulze a trustee in a written instrument concerning some of the railroad lands, by which ilckulze sought to secure to himself a large profit out of a sale by him of those lands of his principal. Certainly, under such circumstances as these, it was the duty of the petitioner, before issuing lo Schulze a certificate of deposit in his individual name for a draft drawn by him, in his capaeiiy as general land agent of the company, upon its treasurer, to inquire info his authority; and certainly the court cannot assume that such inquiry would have disclosed the necessary authority In the drawer. Judgment reversed.