Ex Parte Smith
This text of 211 S.W.2d 204 (Ex Parte Smith) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.
Opinion
In 1943, the City of Beaumont passed an ordinance relating to the operation of ambulances in the city, * by which it was *127 made unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to drive or operate any ambulance on the streets of said city on an “emergency call” without first having called the police station and received from the “dispatcher” permission to answer the call.
Appellant was charged in the corporation court of said city with violating the ordinance, the accusation being that he did drive and operate an ambulance on an emergency call over the streets of said city without having first received permission from the dispatcher to do so.
Upon trial, he (appellant) was convicted and his punishment assessed at a fine of $25.00. From that judgment he appealed to the county court, where he was again convicted and his punishment fixed at the same amount.
From that judgment appellant appealed to this court, which appeal was dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Smith v. State, 208 S. W. (2d) 100.
A capias pro fine was issued on the judgment and appellant was taken into custody by the sheriff.
Appellant applied to the judge of the Criminal District Court of Jefferson County for the writ of habeas corpus, claiming that *128 the judgment was void and unenforceable because it was based upon a void ordinance. Application for the writ was granted. After hearing, the relief prayed for was denied and appellant remanded to the custody of the arresting officer. This appeal is from that order.
The ordinance is attacked as being void and violative of the Constitution.
The practical and working effect of the ordinance is to prohibit the owner, driver, or operator of an ambulance from driving and operating the ambulance along and over the streets of the City of Beaumont in answer to an “emergency call” — that is, a call wherein the services of an ambulance are needed because of some unforeseen occurrence or condition calling for immediate action — without the consent of an employee of the city designated as the “dispatcher.” Unless and until the owner or operator of an ambulance secures such permission, his right to the free and unlimited use of his property is curtailed to that extent — in fact, it may be entirely destroyed, for he may, without fault upon his part, never be the first to contact the dispatcher in seeking the necessary permission.
It is apparent, therefore, that the limitation of use of an ambulance, as fixed by the ordinance, is based upon and de *129 termined by the nature of the call, or what some person represents it to be. If the call is for ambulance service generally, with no designation that it is an “emergency call,” the owner and operator of the ambulance is free to accept and answer the call. If, after arriving at the destination or scene it appears that the call was in truth and in fact an “emergency call,” the ordinance has been violated, for the ordinance expresslly prohibits the answering of an “emergency call’ without permission of the “dispatcher” — and this, without prior notice or knowledge on the part of the owner and operator that in answering the call he would be guilty of a violation of the ordinance. If the call is represented by the person making the call as an “emergency call,” the owner or operator of the ambulance is absolutely precluded by this representation from answering the call without the consent of the “dispatcher” — and this, even though, in truth and in fact, no emergency existed and permission of the dispatcher was not required.
Finally, the ordinance deals with a specific class — that is, owners, operators, and drivers of ambulances. Upon its face, it accords to one member of that group a special privilege denied to all others within that class, for it permits only the one to answer an emergency call who first receives permission of the dispatcher.
The emergency clause to the ordinance shows that the basis of the ordinance was that “several ambulances answering the same emergenecy call race to the point of destination, thus endangering the lives and property of citizens of Beaumont.” In other words, ambulances racing on the streets of the city occasioned by an emergency call endanger the life of the citizens of the city.
A city, generally speaking, in exercise of its police power to protect the public health and welfare, may control by ordinance the operation of motor vehicles on its streets so long as such ordinances are reasonable and not repugnant to the State and Federal Constitutions.
“Too much significance cannot be given to the word ‘reasonable’ in considering the scope of the police power in a constitutional sense, for the test used to determine the constitutionality of the means employed by the legislature is to inquire whether the restrictions it imposes on rights secured to individuals by the Bill of Rights are unreasonable, and not whether it imposes any restrictions on such rights.......The validity of a police *130 regulation therefore primarily depends on whether under all the existing circumstances the regulation is reasonable or arbitrary and whether it is really designed to accomplish a purpose properly falling within the scope of the police power.
“In every case it must appear that the means adopted are reasonably necessary and appropriate for the accomplishment of a legitimate object falling within the domain of the police power. A statute to be within this power must also be reasonable in its operation upon the person whom it affects, must not be for the annoyance of a particular class, and must not be unduly oppressive.” 11 Amer. Jur., Constitutional Law, Sec. 302, p. 1074. Smythe v. State, 116 Tex. Cr. R. 146, 28 S. W. (2d) 161.
Also:
“Regulation which impairs or destroys rather than preserves and promotes is within the condemnation of constitutional guaranties. Where a business in itself is harmless and legitimate, the power of the state to regulate it is not the equivalent of the power to destroy.” 11 Amer. Jur., Constitutional Law, Sec. 304, p. 1080.
Viewing the ordinance in the light of the rules stated, the conclusion is reached that the ordinance here under consideration is unreasonable, arbitrary, and discriminatory in violation of Secs. 3 and 19 of Art. 1 of the Constitution of this State and of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Federal Constitution.
The reason prompting the passage of the ordinance, that is to prevent racing on the streets by ambulances, if not already controlled by our speed laws, could be done so by ordinances which would apply to the members of the particular class as a whole.
Believing the ordinance is invalid, the judgment of the trial court is reversed and the appellant ordered discharged.
Opinion approved by the Court.
The complete ordinance is as follows:
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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack
211 S.W.2d 204, 152 Tex. Crim. 126, 1948 Tex. Crim. App. LEXIS 1224, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/ex-parte-smith-texcrimapp-1948.