Ex Parte Miguel Angel Beltran Barrera v. the State of Texas

• Court: Court of Appeals of Texas
• Decided: July 10, 2024
• Docket: 04-23-00606-CR
• Status: Published

Opinion

Fourth Court of Appeals San Antonio, Texas MEMORANDUM OPINION No. 04-23-00606-CR

EX PARTE Miguel Angel BELTRAN BARRERA

From the County Court, Kinney County, Texas Trial Court No. 11754CR Honorable Susan D. Reed, Judge Presiding

PER CURIAM

Sitting: Irene Rios, Justice Liza A. Rodriguez, Justice Lori I. Valenzuela, Justice

Delivered and Filed: July 10, 2024

DISMISSED FOR WANT OF JURISDICTION; PETITION FOR WRIT OF MANDAMUS DENIED

Appellant, Miguel Angel Beltran Barrera, appeals from the denial of his pretrial application

for writ of habeas corpus. We dismiss the appeal for want of jurisdiction, treat the appeal as a

petition for writ of mandamus at Beltran Barrera’s request, and deny his mandamus petition.

BACKGROUND

Beltran Barrera, a noncitizen, was arrested under Operation Lone Star and charged with

the misdemeanor offense of criminal trespass. On March 9, 2023, Beltran Barrera filed an

application for writ of habeas corpus seeking dismissal of the criminal trespass charge because, he

alleged, the State engaged in selective prosecution, in violation of his right to equal protection,

when it decided to charge him. On June 15, 2023, the trial court issued an order stating, “the 04-23-00606-CR

Application is denied without hearing and the writ is not issued.” Beltran Barrera timely filed a

notice of appeal.

On April 5, 2024, we issued an order notifying Beltran Barrera that it appears we lack

jurisdiction over this appeal and that we would dismiss this appeal unless he filed a response to

our order showing that we have jurisdiction.

Beltran Barrera filed a response on April 11, 2024, in which he argues that the trial court’s

“order is appealable.” Beltran Barrera also requests, in the event we determine that we lack

jurisdiction over his appeal, that we treat his appeal as a petition for writ of mandamus.

JURISDICTION

There is no right to an appeal when a trial court refuses to issue a habeas writ or dismisses

or denies a habeas application without ruling on the merits of the applicant’s claims. See Ex parte

Villanueva, 252 S.W.3d 391, 394 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008); Ex parte Molina Valencia, — S.W.3d

—, No. 04-23-01044-CR, 2024 WL 1642923, at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio April 17, 2024, no

pet. h.) (en banc). “Thus, where the record does not show that the trial court ruled on the merits of

the application for writ of habeas corpus, we lack jurisdiction over the appeal.” Molina Valencia,

2024 WL 1642923, at *1 (quoting Ex parte Blunston, No. 04-12-00657-CV, 2013 WL 3874471,

at *1 (Tex. App.—San Antonio July 24, 2013, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication);

citing Ex parte Bowers, 36 S.W.3d 926, 927 (Tex. App.—Dallas 2001, pet. ref’d); Ex parte Miller,

931 S.W.2d 724, 725 (Tex. App.—Austin 1996, no pet.)).

Here, the trial court did not issue a writ, and the trial court’s order simply states that “the

Application is denied without hearing and the writ is not issued”—language we have previously

held does not suggest a ruling on the merits. E.g., In re Saravia-Bonilla, No. 04-23-00637-CR,

2023 WL 6850595, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Oct. 18, 2023, no pet.) (mem. op., not

designated for publication); see Molina Valencia, 2024 WL 1642923, at *2 (citing In re Martinez-

-2- 04-23-00606-CR

Jimenez, No. 04-23-00547-CR, 2023 WL 7005866, at *2 (Tex. App.—San Antonio Oct. 25, 2023,

orig. proceeding) (mem. op., not designated for publication); In re Lara Belmontes, 675 S.W.3d

113, 115 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2023, orig. proceeding)). Further, no reporter’s record has been

filed, and nothing in the record shows that the trial court held any hearings related to Beltran

Barrera’s habeas application or the merits thereof or otherwise considered any evidence related to

the application.

Consequently, nothing in our review of the entire record reflects that the trial court

considered or expressed an opinion on the merits of Beltran Barrera’s habeas claims. 1 See Molina

Valencia, 2024 WL 1642923, at *2; Ex parte Garcia, 683 S.W.3d 467, 473 (Tex. App.—San

Antonio 2023, no pet.) (en banc). We therefore conclude that the trial court did not rule on the

merits of Beltran Barrera’s habeas application, and we lack jurisdiction to review his appeal. See

Villanueva, 252 S.W.3d at 394; Molina Valencia, 2024 WL 1642923, at *2; Garcia, 683 S.W.3d

at 473.

REQUEST TO TREAT HABEAS APPEAL AS A MANDAMUS PETITION

We may, in certain circumstances, treat an appeal as a petition for writ of mandamus, if

specifically requested to do so by the appellant. See Molina Valencia, 2024 WL 1642923, at *2.

As stated above, Beltran Barrera specifically requests that we construe his appeal as a mandamus

petition if we determine the trial court’s order is not appealable. We will therefore treat Beltran

Barrera’s appeal as a petition for writ of mandamus.

1 Beltran Barrera argues in his April 11, 2024 response to our April 5, 2024 order that the trial court’s “order is appealable because . . . the lower court has previously considered the merits of the exact same claim dozens of times in other Operation Lone Star cases.” We, however, “may not consider factual assertions that are outside the record.” Whitehead v. State, 130 S.W.3d 866, 872 (Tex. Crim. App. 2004); see Janecka v. State, 937 S.W.2d 456, 476 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996) (“It is a long standing principle that we cannot review contentions which depend upon factual assertions outside of the record.”). Nor may we consider evidence from the record of another case, unless we take judicial notice of our own records from “the same or related proceedings involving same or nearly same parties.” Turner v. State, 733 S.W.2d 218, 223 (Tex. Crim. App. 1987). Therefore, we may not consider the records from other cases in determining whether the trial court ruled on the merits of Beltran Barrera’s habeas application in this case.

-3- 04-23-00606-CR

After considering the petition and the record, we deny Beltran Barrera’s request for

mandamus relief. See id. at *2–4.

CONCLUSION

Because the trial court’s denial of Beltran Barrera’s habeas application was not based on

the merits, we lack jurisdiction to review his habeas appeal. We therefore dismiss his appeal for

want of jurisdiction and, at Beltran Barrera’s request, treat his appeal as a petition for writ of

mandamus. Finally, we deny without prejudice Beltran Barrera’s petition for writ of mandamus.

See TEX. R. APP. P. 52.8(a). Any pending motions are dismissed as moot.

DO NOT PUBLISH

-4-