OPINION
HERVEY, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court
in which MEYERS, PRICE, JOHNSON, KEASLER, and HOLCOMB, JJ., joined.
Almost six years ago, appellee was charged with murder. The State seeks to try him a third time after the first two proceedings were terminated prior to final judgment at appellee’s request. Viewed in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, the evidence supports a finding that appellee’s mistrial motions, which resulted in the termination of the first two proceedings prior to verdict, were provoked primarily by the State’s intentional failure to disclose exculpatory evidence1 with the specific intent to avoid an acquittal at the first proceeding. Appellee did not discover all of the undisclosed exculpatory evidence until the second proceeding. We hold that, under the unique facts of this case, a third prosecution is jeopardy-barred under the state and federal constitutions.
In September 2001, appellee was indicted for murdering his daughter Lucy’s boyfriend. Appellee claimed that he killed the victim in self-defense and in defense of Lucy. The Court of Appeals’ opinion summarizes the evidence that appellee intended to present at his first trial in support of these defenses:
During a pretrial hearing before the first trial, [appellee’s] attorneys advised [496]*496the court and the prosecution that they planned to show that [appellee] shot [the victim] in self-defense and in defense of Lucy. (Citation omitted). Defense counsel argued that he was entitled to show past bad acts of [the victim] as evidence of why Lucy was “terrified” of [the victim] and why [appellee] had a reasonable belief that use of deadly force was necessary that day [when appellee shot the victim five times in the back with a .38 revolver in the driveway of Lucy’s home]. Defense counsel told the trial court that he planned to show that Lucy wanted to end her relationship with [the victim]; that [the victim’s] behavior had grown increasingly aggressive toward Lucy due to his use of anabolic steroids; that [the victim] had grown increasingly jealous; that [the victim] had choked Lucy; that [the victim] had wire-tapped her telephone; that [the victim] had made threats to kill Lucy and her family if she left him; that Lucy had asked [appellee] and his wife to stay with her the night before the shooting because [she] was afraid of [the victim].
State v. Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d 247, 250 (Tex.App.-Eastland 2005).
Appellee’s first trial in December 2002 was before a jury. Soon after appellee’s first trial began, the defense discovered during its cross-examination of a State’s witness, Timothy Marshall, that the State had failed to disclose a statement that Marshall made to the police shortly after the offense (the Marshall statement). In this statement, Marshall, who was a neighbor of Lucy’s, told the police that appellee told him minutes after the shooting that the victim “had threatened his daughter and it was either him or her.” Appellee moved for a mistrial, but the trial court granted appellee a continuance and ordered the State to reexamine its file for exculpatory evidence that should be disclosed to the defense.2 The trial court later granted another defense-requested mistrial “in the interest of justice” because a death in the family of one of the prosecutors caused the trial court to extend the continuance. Appellee’s first trial, therefore, ended in a defense-requested mistrial in part because of the State’s failure to disclose the Marshall statement. Soon after this, the lead prosecutor (Harper) left the district attorney’s office to become a County Court-at-Law Judge.
Joiner, the assistant prosecutor in the first trial, became the lead prosecutor in the second trial. During a pretrial conference prior to the second trial, Joiner disclosed to the defense a statement from Lucy’s ex-husband Billy Glenn Williams (the Williams statement) that also had not previously been disclosed to the defense. The Court of Appeals’ opinion summarizes the Williams statement:
At a pretrial conference prior to the second trial, defense counsel expressed his concern that all exculpatory evidence had not been provided by the State. Although the new lead prosecutor represented to the trial court that all exculpatory evidence had been provided, he agreed to provide defense counsel with a [497]*497statement given by Billy Glenn Williams, Lucy’s ex-husband. In that statement, Billy Williams related that Lucy had asked him to keep their children during the afternoon of the day before [the victim] was shot; that, when he called Lucy around 6 p.m., she “broke down and told me about the trouble she had been having with [the victim]”; that Billy told her to go to the police and get a restraining order; that Lucy told him that she thought [the victim] had put dirt in her car’s gas tank; and that Lucy was upset when they finished the telephone conversation.
Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 252.3
Appellee subsequently pled nolo conten-dere to the murder charge without an evi-dentiary stipulation, requiring the State to present evidence establishing appellee’s guilt. See Article 1.15, Tex.Code CRiM. PROC.4 During this proceeding (or second “trial”) before the trial court in April 2003, Joiner disclosed to the defense more previously undisclosed evidence. This undisclosed evidence was a statement from one of the victim’s friends (Upchurch), which prompted another mistrial motion by ap-pellee. The Court of Appeals’ opinion summarizes this evidence (the Upchurch statement):
Upchurch was the first witness called by [appellee] in support of its [mistrial] motion. Upchurch, a friend of [the victim’s], testified that he had helped remove [the victim’s] belongings from the apartment after [the victim’s] death. Upchurch took five old Coke machines to a store in Baird to be sold on consignment. The owners of the store, Mark and Tricia Duque, had known [the victim] and had sold Coke memorabilia for him in the past. Upchurch said that he, Mark, and Tricia had opened one of the Coke boxes and discovered several “syringes with orange caps” and small cardboard boxes. Upchurch asked Tricia, a practicing nurse, what the boxes were, “and she said steroids.” Upchurch told Tricia to throw the syringes and boxes away because he did not want [the victim’s] ex-wife to know that [the victim] had kept steroids.
Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 253.5
In July 2003, the trial court held a hearing on appellee’s mistrial motion. Testi[498]*498mony was presented at this hearing that the lead prosecutor (Judge Harper) in the first trial and his investigator (Clappart) were aware of the Upchurch statement prior to the first trial. See also id. Clap-part testified that he and Harper interviewed Upchurch before the first trial, and, during that interview, Upchurch made the above-summarized statement. Clap-part also testified that he made notes of his interviews with the Duques and that he believed that he gave these notes to Harper. None of this information, including Clappart’s notes, were in the State’s file. Clappart did not believe that Joiner (the second prosecutor) knew about the Up-church statement. Harper testified that he did not recall receiving the information contained in the Upchurch statement.
Q.
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OPINION
HERVEY, J.,
delivered the opinion of the Court
in which MEYERS, PRICE, JOHNSON, KEASLER, and HOLCOMB, JJ., joined.
Almost six years ago, appellee was charged with murder. The State seeks to try him a third time after the first two proceedings were terminated prior to final judgment at appellee’s request. Viewed in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling, the evidence supports a finding that appellee’s mistrial motions, which resulted in the termination of the first two proceedings prior to verdict, were provoked primarily by the State’s intentional failure to disclose exculpatory evidence1 with the specific intent to avoid an acquittal at the first proceeding. Appellee did not discover all of the undisclosed exculpatory evidence until the second proceeding. We hold that, under the unique facts of this case, a third prosecution is jeopardy-barred under the state and federal constitutions.
In September 2001, appellee was indicted for murdering his daughter Lucy’s boyfriend. Appellee claimed that he killed the victim in self-defense and in defense of Lucy. The Court of Appeals’ opinion summarizes the evidence that appellee intended to present at his first trial in support of these defenses:
During a pretrial hearing before the first trial, [appellee’s] attorneys advised [496]*496the court and the prosecution that they planned to show that [appellee] shot [the victim] in self-defense and in defense of Lucy. (Citation omitted). Defense counsel argued that he was entitled to show past bad acts of [the victim] as evidence of why Lucy was “terrified” of [the victim] and why [appellee] had a reasonable belief that use of deadly force was necessary that day [when appellee shot the victim five times in the back with a .38 revolver in the driveway of Lucy’s home]. Defense counsel told the trial court that he planned to show that Lucy wanted to end her relationship with [the victim]; that [the victim’s] behavior had grown increasingly aggressive toward Lucy due to his use of anabolic steroids; that [the victim] had grown increasingly jealous; that [the victim] had choked Lucy; that [the victim] had wire-tapped her telephone; that [the victim] had made threats to kill Lucy and her family if she left him; that Lucy had asked [appellee] and his wife to stay with her the night before the shooting because [she] was afraid of [the victim].
State v. Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d 247, 250 (Tex.App.-Eastland 2005).
Appellee’s first trial in December 2002 was before a jury. Soon after appellee’s first trial began, the defense discovered during its cross-examination of a State’s witness, Timothy Marshall, that the State had failed to disclose a statement that Marshall made to the police shortly after the offense (the Marshall statement). In this statement, Marshall, who was a neighbor of Lucy’s, told the police that appellee told him minutes after the shooting that the victim “had threatened his daughter and it was either him or her.” Appellee moved for a mistrial, but the trial court granted appellee a continuance and ordered the State to reexamine its file for exculpatory evidence that should be disclosed to the defense.2 The trial court later granted another defense-requested mistrial “in the interest of justice” because a death in the family of one of the prosecutors caused the trial court to extend the continuance. Appellee’s first trial, therefore, ended in a defense-requested mistrial in part because of the State’s failure to disclose the Marshall statement. Soon after this, the lead prosecutor (Harper) left the district attorney’s office to become a County Court-at-Law Judge.
Joiner, the assistant prosecutor in the first trial, became the lead prosecutor in the second trial. During a pretrial conference prior to the second trial, Joiner disclosed to the defense a statement from Lucy’s ex-husband Billy Glenn Williams (the Williams statement) that also had not previously been disclosed to the defense. The Court of Appeals’ opinion summarizes the Williams statement:
At a pretrial conference prior to the second trial, defense counsel expressed his concern that all exculpatory evidence had not been provided by the State. Although the new lead prosecutor represented to the trial court that all exculpatory evidence had been provided, he agreed to provide defense counsel with a [497]*497statement given by Billy Glenn Williams, Lucy’s ex-husband. In that statement, Billy Williams related that Lucy had asked him to keep their children during the afternoon of the day before [the victim] was shot; that, when he called Lucy around 6 p.m., she “broke down and told me about the trouble she had been having with [the victim]”; that Billy told her to go to the police and get a restraining order; that Lucy told him that she thought [the victim] had put dirt in her car’s gas tank; and that Lucy was upset when they finished the telephone conversation.
Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 252.3
Appellee subsequently pled nolo conten-dere to the murder charge without an evi-dentiary stipulation, requiring the State to present evidence establishing appellee’s guilt. See Article 1.15, Tex.Code CRiM. PROC.4 During this proceeding (or second “trial”) before the trial court in April 2003, Joiner disclosed to the defense more previously undisclosed evidence. This undisclosed evidence was a statement from one of the victim’s friends (Upchurch), which prompted another mistrial motion by ap-pellee. The Court of Appeals’ opinion summarizes this evidence (the Upchurch statement):
Upchurch was the first witness called by [appellee] in support of its [mistrial] motion. Upchurch, a friend of [the victim’s], testified that he had helped remove [the victim’s] belongings from the apartment after [the victim’s] death. Upchurch took five old Coke machines to a store in Baird to be sold on consignment. The owners of the store, Mark and Tricia Duque, had known [the victim] and had sold Coke memorabilia for him in the past. Upchurch said that he, Mark, and Tricia had opened one of the Coke boxes and discovered several “syringes with orange caps” and small cardboard boxes. Upchurch asked Tricia, a practicing nurse, what the boxes were, “and she said steroids.” Upchurch told Tricia to throw the syringes and boxes away because he did not want [the victim’s] ex-wife to know that [the victim] had kept steroids.
Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 253.5
In July 2003, the trial court held a hearing on appellee’s mistrial motion. Testi[498]*498mony was presented at this hearing that the lead prosecutor (Judge Harper) in the first trial and his investigator (Clappart) were aware of the Upchurch statement prior to the first trial. See also id. Clap-part testified that he and Harper interviewed Upchurch before the first trial, and, during that interview, Upchurch made the above-summarized statement. Clap-part also testified that he made notes of his interviews with the Duques and that he believed that he gave these notes to Harper. None of this information, including Clappart’s notes, were in the State’s file. Clappart did not believe that Joiner (the second prosecutor) knew about the Up-church statement. Harper testified that he did not recall receiving the information contained in the Upchurch statement.
Q. [APPELLEE’S COUNSEL]: Well, do you understand that both [sic] John Upchurch has testified that you were there and You’re the one he was directing this information to; Steve Clappart has also testified you were there and that you were the one that the information was directed to; that after — that he was making notes, he thinks, at the time; that when he had conversations with these other two people that confirmed the Upchurch version, that he went back and told you that that’s what the people had said, and he thinks he gave you his notes about that. Does that jog your memory?
A. [HARPER]: That Steve gave me his notes?
Q. Yeah. Or at least told you about it. It’s his opinion he gave you the notes. He can’t specifically say he gave you notes; he told you about it.
A. I don’t recall that, but if that’s true, then, yes, it should have been given to you.
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Q. Assuming again the scenario that I’d asked you to assume earlier in the testimony of what Mr. Upchurch and Mr. Clappart have testified to, and based upon your testimony and your notes, assuming that is the meeting—
A. That—
Q. —the one thing we know is, either Mr. Clappart and John Upchurch are lying to the Court, or you intentionally didn’t write those things down. Would you agree with that?
[JOINER]: Objection, Your Honor. Speculation.
Q. Well, what other option do you see?
A. I know that Mr. Joiner visited with witnesses independently, I know that Mr. Clappart visited with witnesses in[499]*499dependently, I know that on occasion I visit with witnesses independently. I don’t know if they visited and they discussed that or not. I know that on this occasion this is what we talked about. Q. Are you just baffled about how all this happened, Judge?
[JOINER]: Object, Your Honor. Argumentative.
[APPELLEE’S COUNSEL]: I don’t mean to be argumentative.
[TRIAL COURT]: Overruled.
Q. Are you just baffled about how we got in this position with Upchurch and Clappart saying they told you, you admitting that it — we should have had it on discovery, and everybody conceding we didn’t get it.
A. That’s correct. You — if—You should have gotten it. Even if I did not know about it, Mr. Burke, we’re presumed to know the information that our officers have taken notes, police officers; even if we in good conscience didn’t know about it, as I understand the law, we’re supposed to give it to you. That’s what I’m saying.
Joiner testified at the hearing on appel-lee’s mistrial motion that he first became aware of the Upchurch statement when he interviewed Upchurch during the second trial in April 2003. Joiner immediately disclosed this information to the defense. Joiner admitted that the Marshall, Williams, and Upchurch statements should have been disclosed to the defense prior to the first trial in December 2002. See also Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 253 (“To his credit, Joiner admitted that all three statements should have been disclosed as Brady material prior to the first trial”). The State made no claim that it had no obligation to disclose this evidence prior to the first trial.7
Appellee’s current counsel, who was also appellee’s counsel in the first trial, testified in narrative form at the hearing on appel-lee’s mistrial motion:
[APPELLEE’S COUNSEL]: We proceeded to [the first] trial in December 2002. At that time Burt Burnett was also assisting my son and I in preparation of the case. There are untold numerous times while we were working on this case the month prior to trial that I would say to them, “How in the world is the State going to prove that [appellee] is the one who shot [the victim] without introducing his statement?” meaning [appellee’s]. I had the feeling, based upon some things that had transpired, that they were not going to put on [ap-pellee’s] statement. We could never answer that question: How are they going to prove it? Because they had given us all of the exculpatory evidence, and of course they wouldn’t have to give us [500]*500that; I kept saying, “There must be somebody that either saw it or told them that, that — that he told them he did.” We get into the trial, and the third witness, Timmy Marshall, when he makes the statement, which the Court has in Defense Exhibit No. 4, in response to Judge Harper’s question, that “He said he shot him” and was going to continue on but then was interrupted,c [8] and I leaned over and told either Mr. Burnett or my son, “Now we know the answer to my question.”
After Mr. Marshall finished testifying, we started asking him questions, found out he’d given a statement, got a copy of his statement. That’s the first time that we had ever seen Defendant’s Exhibit No. 14. With a very hurried reading in Court, I then asked for a recess, and we began what later led to hearings and everything else about their failure to furnish us with that in conformity with the judge’s order of discovery that it contained exculpatory statements that had not been afforded us. A mistrial was subsequently declared in that case before we did anything further.
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Now, in response to what they told us about — or didn’t tell us, on Timothy Marshall’s statement. And in response to my question, how are they going to prove it up, it was my professional opinion, after practicing law for some thirty-seven years, that only an idiot would have proved up murder through [Police Chief] Bob Jones, that Bob Jones was going to give us some awfully good testimony, which he did, and in front of the jury I think that would have been devastating to them. The same thing is true with why they wouldn’t want to introduce [appellee’s] statement. They weren’t going to do it that way, either. And I kept telling the boys, “They got something, folks. They’ve got something,” and then we find it was Tim Marshall, during the trial, on a statement that we were entitled to, that they tried to keep from us, I think.
The State argued to the trial court at the hearing on appellee’s mistrial motion that there is no evidence that it “did this to goad them into asking for a mistrial, or that [it] knew that if they found this out that it would goad them into a mistrial.” The State further claimed that the posture of this case was a “plea hearing” and that the appropriate remedy was not a mistrial but to allow “the Defense to withdraw their plea, they can choose the factfinder [501]*501they want, they can choose the plea they want, and we can try this case.”9
Appellee claimed, among other things, that “the decision was made to come in and waive a jury and to enter a plea of no contest before this Court by the Defense based upon erroneous and false information.” Appellee also claimed that the second proceeding was a trial and not “just a big plea hearing.” Appellee asserted that he still had “a defense of self-defense before the Court” and that the second proceeding should not be characterized “like we just came into court, signed a stipulation and confession, and here we go on punishment, and that’s certainly not what we’ve been listening to for the first two days of trial.” Appellee further claimed that the State’s failure to disclose the exculpatory evidence was done in “bad faith” and that the “only remedy at law at this time this Court can grant to protect [ap-pellee’s] due process rights afforded him by the Constitution of the U.S. and the Texas State Constitution is to grant a mistrial.”
[APPELLEE’S COUNSEL]: The problem is, see, they tell us now, but they’ve known since October of 2002 that there were steroids found. They don’t tell us till a day in after we’ve selected a trier of fact.
I don’t agree with Mr. Joiner. He wants to make this sound like this just a big plea hearing. This is a trial. It was made clear to us before we started that this Court was going to hear evidence on guilt-innocence. This court still has to determine whether or not there’s sufficient evidence beyond a reasonable doubt to sustain his finding of guilt, assuming that’s where this Court would be headed. We still have a defense of self-defense before the Court. So I don’t characterize this like we just came into court, signed a stipulation and confession, and here we go on punishment, and that’s certainly not what we’ve been listening to for the first two days of trial. It’s been guilt-innocence type of evidence.
They say that they’re not withholding it? And the Court will recall this. We only got Mr. Marshall’s statement last time after we had twelve people seated in this room and I was about to start his cross examination and asked him whether or not he had given a statement to the D.A.’s office, to which he responded “Yes.” At that time I walk around counsel table and get it from [Harper] and find that it has these statements about that this man told Mr. Marshall the man had been threatening his daughter and it was either him or her. [502]*502They all admit that’s exculpatory now. Yeah, they sure enough gave it to me, but not in accordance with Brady. They gave it to me at their own convenience. The Williams statement was only given after a pretrial that this Court had when my father asked the Court to look at the State’s file, and it was determined that wasn’t necessary but the D.A., Mr. Joiner, was going to go through the file and just make sure there wasn’t anything else in there, and then he hands over Mr. Williams’ statement. This is again after the first trial we had we were alleging they were withholding exculpatory evidence, and now we all agree, by their own testimony, that sure enough, some statements that are held in Mr. Marshall’s — or, excuse me, in Mr. Williams’ written statement are also exculpatory and could be considered mitigating or favorable to the Defense.
And then, yes, we got the information Tuesday afternoon, regarding the steroids from Mr. Joiner, but, Judge, you heard the testimony from [Clappart]: He knows that’s exculpatory, he thinks he told Mr. Harper, remembers doing that, can’t find any notes, believes it should have been given over to us, believes it would have been favorable, knows that we were asserting steroids in this case, and yet nobody says a darn thing. They knew that prior to the first trial.
If that doesn’t show some bad faith on the part of somebody from the district attorney’s office I don’t know what does. We were in here voir diring a jury panel of people in this courtroom, bringing up steroids, and these people withholding evidence that they know they found steroids? Evidence that now they’re willing to stipulate before this Court? When I started this motion I said we don’t have a big enough rug to keep sweeping this under, and I submit that that’s true today. We just have stuff getting piled up now on top of the rug after the testimony yesterday.
The only remedy at law at this time this Court can grant to protect this man’s due process rights afforded him by the Constitution of the U.S. and the Texas State Constitution is to grant a mistrial. Thank you.
After hearing the parties’ arguments, the trial court granted appellee’s request for another mistrial. The trial court also made an oral finding on the record that the Marshall, Williams, and Upchurch statements “are all exculpatory evidence under Brady v. Maryland” and that the State’s failure to disclose this exculpatory evidence prior to the first trial was “reckless conduct.”
[TRIAL COURT]: I find that in this case the statements and the evidence that was withheld concerning Mr. Marshall’s statement, Mr. Williams’ statement, and the evidence given by Mr. Upchurch, are all exculpatory evidence under Brady v. Maryland. I find that the evidence was — particularly the Up-church evidence, was a surprise during this trial, and the Marshall evidence was a surprise during the first trial. I find the evidence is favorable to the Defense and certainly material and relevant to the defense that they are raising, which is that of self-defense or defense of a third party.
I also find that it’s a violation of due process and a violation of the Texas Constitution and U.S. Constitution for this information not to have been provided to the defendant before the very first trial, not this trial but the first trial.
I find, therefore, that the only remedy available to this Court is that of a mistrial. The Court now declares a mistrial in [503]*503this case. The case remains on the Court’s docket.
Court’s in recess.
Let’s get back on the record just a moment, please. I also find that the conduct of the State in not providing this information about which they knew to the Defense in a timely manner constituted reckless conduct.
Appellee subsequently filed a pre-trial writ of habeas corpus “seeking relief from double jeopardy.” This motion sought to bar any further prosecution of appellee. Although this motion asserted that any further prosecution of appellee was barred by the double-jeopardy provisions of the state and federal constitutions, it relied almost exclusively on our state constitutional double-jeopardy provision and the trial court’s finding that the State engaged in “reckless conduct” in failing to disclose the Brady material before appellee’s first trial. The trial court held a hearing on appellee’s pretrial writ of habeas corpus,10 during which appellee relied almost exclusively on this Court’s decision in Bander v. State11 in support of his claim that any further prosecution of him is jeopardy-barred under our state constitution. Ap-pellee also argued that “this hadn’t been any prosecution seeking justice” and that “[f]rom day one their investigation, everything they’ve done, has just been set out not for a fair trial, but to get a conviction in this case.”
[DEFENSE]: I’ll make another copy of [.Bander ].
Bander is a case that we believe to be on point, and [sic] I think the State of Texas would probably concede that fact. They have a brief here that breaks it down at length in some form or fashion, but it is Bander v. State, May 8th of 1996, and it’s the Court of Criminal Appeals sitting en banc, where they apply standards for jeopardy as well as exculpatory evidence and jeopardy barred prosecutions thereon.
A point I’d like to make before I sit down here in a minute and let the State argue — because I’ve read the State’s brief responding to our Application for Habeas Corpus wherein they say that the Bander holding is that you’ve got to find a conscious disregard on the part of the — on the part of the prosecutor. Well, then in their brief they go on, and I think it’s — anybody that’s been to law school, conscious disregard typically equals recklessness. That’s what we believe that to be akin to, and that’s certainly the way this case sets it out. But what I think is very important in Ban-der, if you go on an [sic] read the entire [504]*504case, they do hold conscious disregard in the first, but then go on to state — and I want to cite this in the second paragraph of the holding — (reading) making the Constitutional rights of a criminal Defendant to turn upon such a fuzzy and imponderable distinction as whether the prosecutor actually intended the trial to be terminated or being aware that his conduct creates a risk that a mistrial is reasonably certain to occur, consciously disregards that risk seems far too insensitive a criterion for decisions in these cases. In short, we don’t believe the purpose of the Constitutional right here in issue really has anything to do with the Prosecutor’s specific intent.
Now, I know this Court has already held, and I think we’re bound by that, on April 24th that they acted recklessly, but I think we can even take it a step further. If the Court hadn’t held as such, Bauder, I don’t think, requires us to have a specific finding. If you read Bauder that way, it makes it — and it makes sense. How in the world are we supposed to figure out what these people are doing?
Now, you can look at their course of conduct. I may have my opinion. Mr. Masonheimer certainly has his opinion in regards to what these folks have been doing all along, but I think trying to put us in the position to convince this Court that they acted with some specific mens rea would be ridiculous, and I think that’s what Bauder stands for.
This is a case, Judge, that the facts are these: There was a specific discovery order where Brady material was ordered to be disclosed. There were pretrial hearings where the State has represented that they gave us all the exculpatory evidence. We know now that they withheld evidence that this Court has determined to be exculpatory, three pieces particularly. We have stopped the proceedings both times pri- or to judgment. This is not a case where a new trial is in effect, but we’re prior to judgment during an evidentia-ry hearing. We had a mistrial granted based on the fact that these three pieces of evidence were not given and that they were exculpatory, being favorable, being relevant, being material to our Defense, and then we have a finding that the conduct on the part of the District Attorney’s office was reckless.
In accordance with Bauder and in accordance where [sic] the Constitution of the United States and the Texas State Constitution via the 14th Amendment, I think this Court is in a position where they are required to grant our Application for Habeas Corpus and find that double jeopardy has attached in this case, and that’s what we’re going to ask the Court to do.
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What it’s about is you have a case, Brady, that says, “You’re supposed to — you have an affirmative duty, Mr. Joiner or Mr. Harper, or Mr. Clappert as your agent, to make sure that all exculpatory or mitigating evidence is turned over to the Defense prior to time of trial.” We have a pretrial order telling them that, just in case they don’t know it, and then when you show up at trial and they don’t give it, and they get caughtc [12] December the 6th, and then you show up in April, and we have a pretrial, and they say, “we’ve given everything to you,” and sure enough, we find again there’s another statement they haven’t given us, and then we show up April 27th and find [505]*505out that there’s steroids they haven’t given us or evidence thereof. We keep violating Brady, and when you violate Brady, you violate the due process rights of this man, and you violate the double jeopardy clause of the Constitution, and that’s — it’s simple. It’s a simple analysis, really, in this case.
So, no, I’m not here to punish them. I’m here to do, I guess, what they should be doing, which is justice. This hadn’t been any prosecution seeking justice. From day one their investigation, everything they’ve done, has just been set out not for a fair trial, but to get a conviction in this case. They’ve gone to lengths that I can’t believe, and when they get disagreements between their own employees or agents and former employees, I think that shows you how serious this matter has become, but it shouldn’t prejudice our client. That’s not what it’s all about.
We understand the record to reflect that the State argued that further prosecution of appellee is not jeopardy-barred because the trial court should have continued the second trial instead of terminating it since the Marshall, Williams, and Upchurch statements had been disclosed to appellee before the second trial was terminated. Appellee’s counsel responded that it took “two trials, numerous pretrial hearings, [and] two motions for mistrial” to get this evidence and that the State’s tardy disclosure of this evidence did not prevent ap-pellee “from being tried time and time again.”
[APPELLEE’S COUNSEL]: The other thing is, is when they start talking about due process and that we haven’t focused on it, Your Honor, you’ve already found this was a violation of due process at the time you granted the mistrial, but due process focuses on the Defendant under this circumstance, not the State. You know, they keep coming — they tell us, “Don’t worry about it. Now they’ve got our entire file.” Great! What’s it taken us to get their entire file? It’s taken us two trials, numerous pretrial hearings, two motions for mistrial, and sure enough, maybe we’ve got it now. All I know is every time we get ready for trial and start putting on evidence, what do you know, we find more exculpatory evidence. We’re trying to protect this man from being tried time and time again.
At the conclusion of the hearing on ap-pellee’s pretrial writ of habeas corpus, the trial court made an oral finding that “double jeopardy has attached” and ordered the case dismissed with prejudice. The trial court later signed an order dismissing the case with prejudice based on its finding that “the instant offense is barred by the Double Jeopardy Clause of the United States and Texas Constitutions.”
The State appealed, and the Court of Appeals decided that further prosecution of appellee is not jeopardy-barred under either the state or federal constitutions. See Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 251. The Court of Appeals decided that there is no evidence that the “new lead prosecutor in the second trial” acted “intentionally, a critical mens rea ” for federal constitutional purposes under Oregon v. Kennedy or “recklessly, a critical mens rea” under Bander. See Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 251. Appellee filed a petition for discretionary review, and the State filed a cross-petition for discretionary review.
After the Court of Appeals decided this case, this Court overruled Bander in Ex parte Lewis, 219 S.W.3d 335 (Tex.Cr.App.2007). In Lewis, this Court adopted, as a matter of state constitutional law, the federal constitutional standard set out in Ore[506]*506gon v. Kennedy13 for determining whether a retrial is barred after a defense-requested mistrial. Lewis, 219 S.W.3d at 371. The issue, therefore, is whether the record supports the trial court’s ruling that any further prosecution of appellee is jeopardy-barred under the Oregon v. Kennedy standard. And, since appellee won in the trial court, we must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling.14
In considering whether the State acted “intentionally” under the Oregon v. Kennedy standard, the Court of Appeals considered only the mens rea of the “new lead prosecutor.” See Masonheimer, 154 S.W.3d at 251, 254. Appellee claims in his first ground for review that the State encompasses the entire prosecutorial team (not just the “new lead prosecutor”) in determining whether the State acted “intentionally.” We agree that, in determining whether the State acted “intentionally” under the Oregon v. Kennedy standard, it is necessary to also consider the mens rea of the lead prosecutor in the first trial. See Giglio v. United States, 405 U.S. 150, 154, 92 S.Ct. 763, 31 L.Ed.2d 104 (1972) (“The prosecutor’s office is an entity and as such it is the spokesman for the Government. A promise made by one attorney must be attributed, for these purposes, to the Government.”).
The Oregon v. Kennedy decision was intended to “delineate the bounds” of the “narrow exception” to the general rule that there is no jeopardy bar to a retrial after a defense-requested mistrial. See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 673, 102 S.Ct. 2083. The Oregon v. Kennedy standard delineating these bounds is usually read to mean that a retrial after a defense-requested mistrial is jeopardy-barred only when the prosecutorial “conduct giving rise to the successful motion for a mistrial was intended to provoke [or goad] the defendant into moving for a mistrial.” See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 676, 679, 102 S.Ct. 2083; Lewis, 219 S.W.3d at 335.15
In support of this specific proposition, Oregon v. Kennedy cites to footnote three in United States v. Tateo.16 See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 673 n. 4, 102 S.Ct. 2083. In Tateo, the defendant claimed that a retrial was barred after his conviction was set aside on collateral attack because of prejudicial comments that the trial court made in the prior trial. See Tateo, 377 U.S. at 463-64, 84 S.Ct. 1587. In rejecting this claim, the Court noted that if “Tateo had requested a mistrial on the basis of the judge’s comments, there would be no doubt that if he had been successful, the Government would not have been barred from retrying him.” See Tateo, 377 U.S. at 467, 84 S.Ct. 1587 (emphasis in original). The Tateo Court then stated in [507]*507footnote three of its opinion that “[i]f there were any intimation in a case that prosecu-torial or judicial impropriety justifying a mistrial resulted from a fear that the jury was likely to acquit the accused, different considerations would, of course, obtain.” See Toteo, 377 U.S. at 468 n. 3, 84 S.Ct. 1587. The Court’s opinion in Oregon v. Kennedy makes another citation to footnote three in Toteo as an example of the “narrow exception” to the general rule that there is no jeopardy bar to a retrial after a defense-requested mistrial. See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 673, 102 S.Ct. 2083.
Another case that Oregon v. Kennedy cites for the proposition that retrial is barred when the prosecution intentionally goads a defendant into moving for a mistrial is United States v. Dinitz17 See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 673, 102 S.Ct. 2083. In Dinitz, the defendant claimed that a retrial was jeopardy-barred after he successfully moved for a mistrial because of actions that the trial court took against one of his lawyers. See Dinitz, 424 U.S. at 602-06, 96 S.Ct. 1075. The Court rejected this claim, in part, because the trial court’s actions were not done “to prejudice [the defendant’s] prospects for an acquittal.” See Dinitz, 424 U.S. at 611, 96 S.Ct. 1075. The Oregon v. Kennedy case appears to cite with approval a similar statement from another plurality opinion stating that “where a defendant’s mistrial motion is necessitated by judicial or prosecutorial impropriety designed to avoid an acquittal, reprosecution might be barred.” See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 678-79, 102 S.Ct. 2083; see also Ex parte Peterson, 117 S.W.3d 804, 826 n. 7 (Tex.Cr.App.2003) (Hervey, J., dissenting).
Keeping in mind that we are required to view the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court’s ruling that prosecuting appellee a third time is jeopardy-barred, we are constrained to decide that the extensive portions of the record set out in this opinion support a finding that appellee’s mistrial motions were necessitated primarily by the State’s “intentional” failure to disclose exculpatory evidence that was available prior to appel-lee’s first trial with the specific intent to avoid the possibility of an acquittal.18 Un-
[508]*508der Oregon v. Kennedy, this deliberate conduct, accompanied by this specific mens rea, bars a retrial. See Oregon v. Kennedy, 456 U.S. at 673, 678-79, 102 S.Ct. 2083; Dinitz, 424 U.S. at 611, 96 S.Ct. 1075; Tateo, 377 U.S. at 468 n. 3, 84 S.Ct. 1587; United States v. Wallach, 979 F.2d 912, 915-16 (2nd Cir.1992) (there is some force to the argument that Oregon v. Kennedy protects a defendant from a retrial after a defense-requested mistrial where prosecu-torial misconduct [resulting in the mistrial, not a reversal on appeal] is undertaken with the intention of denying the defendant an opportunity to win an acquittal); State v. Marti 147 N.H. 168, 784 A.2d 1193, 1196-97 (2001) (Oregon v. Kennedy would bar retrial after defense-requested mistrial when “prosecutor engaged in misconduct with the specific intent to avoid an acquittal which the prosecutor believed was likely to occur in the absence of the misconduct”); State v. Lettice, 221 Wis.2d 69, 585 N.W.2d 171, 181 (1998) (same); State v. Colton, 234 Conn. 683, 663 A.2d 339, 345-46 (1995) (same);19 see also Thanos v. State, 330 Md. 576, 625 A.2d 932, 937-38 (1993) (double jeopardy does not
bar retrial after defense-requested mistrial unless State intentionally commits misconduct with the specific intent of forcing defendant to move or consent to mistrial or with the specific intent of prejudicing defendant’s prospects for an acquittal if trial continued to verdict); Hagez v. Maryland, 131 Md.App. 402, 749 A.2d 206, 217-29 (2000) (Oregon v. Kennedy may prohibit a retrial after a defense-requested mistrial [not a reversal on appeal] resulting from State’s deliberate conduct prompted by a desire to “sabotage” a probable acquittal) and at 229-31 (Moylan, J., concurring); West v. State, 52 Md.App. 624, 451 A.2d 1228, 1231-36, 1233 (1982) (retrial after defense-requested mistrial is jeopardy-barred under Oregon v. Kennedy when “prosecutorial or judicial impropriety justifying a mistrial resulted from a fear that the jury was likely to acquit the accused”) (quoting footnote three in Tateo);20 Tabbs v. State, 43 Md.App. 20, 403 A.2d 796, 812 (1979). We are persuaded that, in a case like this, a defendant suffers the same harm as when the State intentionally “goads” or provokes the defendant into [509]*509moving for a mistrial.21 Under the unique circumstances of this case, we decide that a third prosecution of appellee is jeopardy-barred under state and federal constitutional double-jeopardy principles.
The judgment of the Court of Appeals is reversed, and the judgment of the trial court is affirmed.22
MEYERS, J., filed a concurring opinion.
KELLER, P.J., filed a dissenting opinion.
WOMACK, J., filed a dissenting opinion in which KELLER, P.J., joined.
COCHRAN, J., filed a dissenting opinion.
6. Harper also testified that he did not believe that the Marshall statement "might be exculpatory or favorable to the defendant.”
Q. [APPELLEE’S COUNSEL]: Can you understand how that statement — "he was threatening” — to the man that first comes up, with the body lying in the street, and says, "What happened?” and he says “He was threatening my daughter, and it was him” — or however — or "him or me,” whatever those words are, you don't understand how that might be exculpatory or favorable to the defendant?
A. [HARPER]: I did not.