Evergreen Plantation, Inc. v. Zunamon

319 So. 2d 543
CourtLouisiana Court of Appeal
DecidedSeptember 3, 1975
Docket12670
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 319 So. 2d 543 (Evergreen Plantation, Inc. v. Zunamon) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Louisiana Court of Appeal primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Evergreen Plantation, Inc. v. Zunamon, 319 So. 2d 543 (La. Ct. App. 1975).

Opinion

319 So.2d 543 (1975)

EVERGREEN PLANTATION, INC., et al., Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v.
Simon ZUNAMON, Defendant-Appellee.

No. 12670.

Court of Appeal of Louisiana, Second Circuit.

September 3, 1975.
Rehearing Denied October 1, 1975.

*545 Hebert & Moss by Donn Moss, Clint Adcock, Baton Rouge, for plaintiffs-appellants.

Sevier, Yerger & Sevier, by Henry C. Sevier, Jr., Tallulah, Chaffe, McCall, Phillips, Toler & Sarpy, by Leon Sarpy, New Orleans, for defendant-appellee.

Before BOLIN, HALL and DENNIS, JJ.

En Banc. Rehearing Denied October 1, 1975.

DENNIS, Judge.

This is a suit to invalidate a sale of timber for lesion beyond moiety.

Evergreen Plantation, Inc., hereafter "Evergreen", conveyed to Chicago Mill & Lumber Co., a Delaware Corporation, hereafter "Chicago Mill Corporation", in a written contract dated June 8, 1962, for the consideration of $60,000 cash, the right to cut and remove merchantable timber from 8000 acres of land in Tensas parish. Merchantable timber was defined in the agreement as all timber measuring ten inches or more in diameter at a point twelve inches from the ground and all timber which would grow to that size during the next twenty years. On June 29, 1965 Chicago Mill Corporation conveyed all its assets, including the timber cutting contract, to Simon Zunamon.

On March 19, 1965 Evergreen agreed to sell the land on which this timber estate is located to I. W. Osborne and D. D. Wood. These two individuals on March 12, 1966 assigned their rights under this contract to Winterquarters Hunting and Fishing Club, Inc. On June 7, 1966, Evergreen and Winterquarters Hunting and Fishing Club, Inc. brought this suit to set aside the timber sale, alleging that Zunamon was the mere nominee of former stockholders of Chicago Mill Corporation, and contending that the price given by the corporation was less than 1/2 the value of the thing sold. The case has been before this court on 3 previous occasions. On March 22, 1967 we affirmed the trial court's judgment dissolving a writ of attachment and remanded the case to the district court for further proceedings. Evergreen Plantation, Inc. v. Zunamon, 197 So.2d 398 (La.App., 2d Cir. 1967). On January 9, 1973, this court reversed the district court's dismissal of plaintiffs' suit for lack of prosecution and remanded the case to the trial court. Evergreen Plantation, Inc. v. Zunamon, 272 So.2d 414 (La.App., 2d Cir. 1973). A judgment sustaining defendant's exceptions of no cause of action, no right of action and liberative prescription was reversed on January 8, 1974 and the case was remanded for trial. Evergreen Plantation, Inc. v. Zunamon, 291 So.2d 414 (La.App., 2d Cir. 1974).

After a trial on the merits, the district court rendered judgment rejecting the plaintiffs' demands to set aside the timber sale and awarded defendant expert witness fees. In his dictated reasons for judgment, the trial judge found that Zunamon's principals were third party purchasers, without fraud or bad faith, and that plaintiffs had not borne the burden of proving that the value of the timber sold twice exceeded the *546 price given. Plaintiffs appealed assigning as error each of these findings, as well as the determination of expert witness fees below. For the reasons hereinafter stated, we amend the trial court judgment as to the expert witness fees and, as amended, affirm.

There is little factual dispute relating to whether Zunamon acted for bona fide third party purchasers in acquiring the timber cutting contract. Early in 1965, 1,790 of the stockholders of Chicago Mill Corporation held 508,365 outstanding shares of the corporation. The Pritzker and Gonyea families, either through various trusts for their benefit or corporations owned by them, controlled 209,747 of these shares. This amounted to control by these families of 41.26% of the outstanding shares of the corporation.

On February 4, 1965 certain members of the Pritzker and Gonyea families entered a partnership in the state of Illinois, named Chicago Mill and Lumber Company, hereinafter referred to as "Chicago Mill Partnership", for the purpose of acquiring the assets of the Chicago Mill Corporation and operating the business conducted by it. On March 10, 1965, the stockholders of Chicago Mill Corporation formally approved a sale of substantially all the corporate assets to Simon Zunamon, who was acting as nominee for the Chicago Mill Partnership. The sale was consumated on June 29, 1965 for a cash price of $20,334,600 and the assumption by the purchasers of the corporation's liabilities. The cash price, amounting to $40 per share, was deposited in an escrow account for the benefit of all stockholders. Thereafter, on August 13, 1965, the Chicago Mill Corporation was formally dissolved pursuant to an order of approval entered by the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Zunamon continued to hold title to various assets, including the timber cutting contract, as nominee for Chicago Mill Partnership, which took over the business previously conducted by Chicago Mill Corporation with very little change in organization, employees or methods of operation.

Plaintiffs acknowledge the well settled rule that an action in lesion beyond moiety cannot succeed against a third party purchaser unless fraud or bad faith is proved. Morgan v. O'Bannon & Julien, 51 So. 293, 294 (1910); Brewster Development Company, Inc. v. Fielder, 271 So.2d 299 (1972); O'Brien v. LeGette, 254 La. 252, 223 So.2d 165 (1969). However, they contend that the Pritzker and Gonyea family members who formed the Chicago Mill Partnership should be regarded as the same person under the law as the Chicago Mill Corporation, and not as third persons purchasing from the corporation. Moreover, the plaintiffs impliedly urge us to overlook the fact that the timber cutting contract was not acquired by the Pritzker and Gonyea family members as individuals but by the Chicago Mill Partnership of which they are members.

Conceding, without deciding, that we could disregard the legal distinction between the Chicago Mill Partnership and its individual members for purposes of reaching them in this action for lesion, the facts of this case and the authorities compel us to conclude that these persons were not the alter-ego of the Chicago Mill Corporation and that the distinction between them as persons and the corporate entity must be respected. This court stated the criteria for looking beyond the corporation to the individual stockholder in Texas Industries, Inc. v. Dupuy & Dupuy Developers, Inc., 227 So.2d 265, 268 (La.App., 2d Cir. 1969):

"* * * For the doctrine of an alter ego to apply, it must be shown that the stockholder whose individual and personal liability for a corporate debt is sought disregarded the entity of the corporation and, thus, made the corporation a mere agency for the transaction of his own private business. . . ."

As to when such a situation exists, the Louisiana Supreme Court said in Keller v. *547 Haas, 202 La. 486, 12 So.2d 238, 240 (1943):

"It is well settled that where an individual forms a corporation of which he is the sole and only stockholder or owns such control of the stock that the act of the corporation is his own, then he may not use the screen of corporate entity to absolve himself from responsibility. . . ."

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