Europa Cruises Corp. v. AFEC International

809 S.W.2d 783, 1991 WL 67645
CourtCourt of Appeals of Texas
DecidedJune 13, 1991
DocketB14-90-0692-CV
StatusPublished
Cited by7 cases

This text of 809 S.W.2d 783 (Europa Cruises Corp. v. AFEC International) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals of Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Europa Cruises Corp. v. AFEC International, 809 S.W.2d 783, 1991 WL 67645 (Tex. Ct. App. 1991).

Opinion

OPINION

ELLIS, Justice.

This is an appeal from a default judgment. We reverse and remand.

Appellant, Europa Cruises Corporation, (“Europa”) assigns two points of error on appeal. In its first point of error, appellant asserts that the trial court erred in overruling appellant’s motion to vacate judgment and for a new trial. In its second point of error, appellant contends that the trial court erred in granting triple damages of the amount of actual damages in excess of $1,000 as there was no finding that the conduct of the defendant was intentional.

Appellee, AFEC International, Inc., (“AFEC”) filed its original petition against Europa Cruises Corporation, on March 26, 1990. Appellee’s original petition alleged that it had purchased a Christmas cruise ship package aboard the M/Y Europa Jet from Europa Cruises Corporation. This cruise was for the benefit of AFEC’s employees as a Christmas party. When AFEC’s employees boarded the cruise ship at Galveston, they found that the ship and its facilities were not as represented by Europa. AFEC’s employees then disembarked from the ship, making on-shore arrangements for their party. Europa refused to return AFEC’s monies which were paid in advance for the cruise. AFEC then sued for the return of these monies, and also for consequential damages, attorneys fees, and damages pursuant to the DTPA § 17.50(b). Tex.Bus. and Com.Code Ann. (Vernon Supp.1991). Europa did not answer, and AFEC took a default judgment on May 22, 1990. The trial court denied Europa’s Motion to Vacate Default Judgment and for New Trial on June 20, 1990. Europa brings this appeal.

In its first point of error, Europa asserts that the trial court erred in overruling its motion to vacate judgment and for new trial. The granting of a new trial following a default judgment is within the sound discretion of the trial court. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, 134 Tex. 388, 133 S.W.2d 124 (Tex.Comm’n App.1939). The standard of review as set out in Crad- *785 dock requires appellant to demonstrate that his failure “to answer was not intentional, or the result of conscious indifference on his part, but was due to a mistake or an accident_” Craddock 133 S.W.2d at 126. In addition, the appellant must demonstrate that he has a meritorious defense and that the granting of a new trial will not prejudice the appellee.

The undisputed facts reveal that AFEC’s suit was filed on March 26, 1990. Service of citation was had on CT Corporation Systems, who was the registered agent for Europa for service, in Dallas, Texas on April 11, 1990. The answer date was May 7, 1990. CT Corporation Systems forwarded the citation to the Europa headquarters in Pensacola, Florida and the citation was received by Europa in Pensacola on April 12, 1990. Mr. Charles Liberis, President of Europa, sent the citation and attached petition to the Galveston, Texas general manager with instructions to obtain local counsel to file an answer. It was Europa’s policy that the general manager in each separate port handle his office’s litigation and retain counsel unless the matter is something that affects the company overall, such as an SEC matter. Whenever Europa has litigation such as in our case the matter is forwarded to the proper general manager to obtain counsel.

The general manager of the Europa operation in Galveston, Texas at the time of the alleged wrong in December, 1989 was John Noah. However, as of April 12, 1990, Mr. Noah had resigned as general manager and was acting in a consulting role. One of the several interim managers of the Galveston office was Harry Fulghum, a marine captain. It was not until May of 1990 that Mr. Steve Winters was retained as full time general manager. At the hearing on the Motion for New Trial, Mr. Liberis testified that “the reality of it is that no one was properly running the shop between the time Noah left and the time Winters came on. Harry Fulghum, who primarily there in a caretaker position is a marine captain ... he is not a person of any business experience.” Just before May 23,1990, Steve Winters discovered the petition previously sent to the Galveston office and informed Mr. Liberis who immediately contacted legal counsel who, in turn, filed an answer the very same day, May 23, 1990.

We will now determine whether there is an excuse for the failure by Europa to answer timely. Europa timely responded to pre-suit correspondence upon receipt of AFEC’s January 5, 1990 DTPA notice letter. It is noted that Liberis responded with a three page answer, addressing all of AFEC’s allegations. Europa was under no legal requirement to respond to AFEC’s DTPA notice letter. The fact that Europa did respond, belies AFEC’s argument that Europa’s failure to answer timely was intentional.

Europa alleges that in the period between the resignation of John Noah and the hiring of the new general manager, Steve Winters, “... the management situation in Galveston was sheer chaos.” This “chaos” resulting from a change in management in Galveston was the reason why Europa failed to timely file an answer. Only a slight excuse is required. Craddock v. Sunshine Bus Lines, supra; Spears v. Brown, 567 S.W.2d 544 (Tex.Civ.App. — Texarkana 1978, writ ref’d n.r.e.). Courts in Texas have held that any showing by the defendant that he has not intentionally or with conscious indifference ignored his obligation to answer or appear is sufficient. The case of Nava v. Nationwide Financial Corp., 601 S.W.2d 478 (Tex.Civ.App. — San Antonio 1980, writ ref’d n.r.e.) states on page 481:

All recent opinions indicate that the trial court’s discretion, concerning the granting of the new trial, should be exercised liberally where there is any showing that the defendant has not intentionally or with conscious indifference ignored his obligation to answer or to appear.

Texas courts have likewise held that the trial court abuses its discretion in failing to grant defendant’s motion for new trial if there is any such showing that the failure to file is not intentional or the result of conscious indifference. Nava v. Nationwide Financial Corp., supra. We are sat *786 isfied that Europa has met the first prong of the Craddock test, showing that its failure to answer was not intentional, or the result of conscious indifference on it's part, but was due to a mistake or an accident.

The second prong of Craddock requires the appellant to set up a meritorious defense. As the Texas Supreme Court stated in Ivey v. Carrell, 407 S.W.2d 212, 214 (Tex.1966) “The rule of Craddock does not require proof of a meritorious defense in the accepted sense to entitle one to a new trial after default; the motion should be granted if it ‘sets up a meritorious defense.’ ” (Emphasis in Opinion).

Likewise, O’Hara v. Hexter,

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809 S.W.2d 783, 1991 WL 67645, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/europa-cruises-corp-v-afec-international-texapp-1991.