Estate of William Burford v. Accounting Practice Sales, Inc

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMarch 13, 2017
Docket16-1871
StatusPublished

This text of Estate of William Burford v. Accounting Practice Sales, Inc (Estate of William Burford v. Accounting Practice Sales, Inc) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Estate of William Burford v. Accounting Practice Sales, Inc, (7th Cir. 2017).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 16‐1871 ESTATE OF WILLIAM J. BURFORD, Plaintiff‐Appellant,

v.

ACCOUNTING PRACTICE SALES, INC. and GARY L. HOLMES, Defendants‐Appellees. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Illinois. No. 12‐cv‐01212‐JPG‐SCW — J. Phil Gilbert, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED JANUARY 12, 2017 — DECIDED MARCH 13, 2017 ____________________

Before BAUER, SYKES, and HAMILTON, Circuit Judges. HAMILTON, Circuit Judge. Defendant Accounting Practice Sales (APS) terminated its brokerage contract with William Burford after he failed, in his exclusive territory for APS, to meet his minimum yearly sales volume for four consecutive years. Burford sued. APS defended on the grounds that Bur‐ ford failed to meet his sales requirement and that his contract was terminable at will. The case was tried after an earlier ap‐ peal in the case, and the jury ruled in favor of APS. While this 2 No. 16‐1871

appeal by Burford was pending, he passed away. His estate has carried on the appeal, arguing that the district court erred by permitting APS to defend on the basis of Burford’s failure to meet his sales volume requirement, by refusing to admit an exhibit, and by refusing to order a new trial on the theory that the jury verdict was contrary to the weight of the evidence as to whether APS waived its right to terminate the contract. None of these arguments warrants a new trial. We affirm the judgment of the district court in favor of APS. I. Factual and Procedural Background Defendant APS acts as a broker for the purchase and sale of accounting practices. APS works through brokers who are treated as independent contractors and are assigned exclusive sales territories for APS. The brokers and APS share commis‐ sions for successful sales. Plaintiff Burford became a broker for APS in 2003, and over the next several years, he and APS agreed to add additional states as part of his exclusive terri‐ tory. Burford’s contract included a “minimum yearly sales volume” requirement. On appeal, the parties do not dispute that Burford did not meet this requirement for four consecu‐ tive years. In March 2010, APS owner Gary Holmes spoke with Bur‐ ford about his poor performance. Burford acknowledged that he needed to improve, but he failed to meet his minimum yearly sales volume requirements again in 2010 and 2011. In 2012, APS terminated Burford’s contract and reassigned his sales territory. Burford brought suit in an Illinois state court, claiming that APS breached his contract by terminating it without the required good cause. He also sought to pierce the corporate No. 16‐1871 3

veil to hold Holmes personally liable for the breach. The dis‐ trict court granted summary judgment in favor of the defend‐ ants on the theory that Burford’s contract with APS was ter‐ minable at will. In the earlier appeal, we reversed on that point, finding that the contract’s provision that “APS cannot terminate this agreement unless it is violated by Burford” meant that the contract was not terminable at will. Burford v. Accounting Practice Sales, Inc., 786 F.3d 582, 587–88 (7th Cir. 2015). We remanded for trial on the contract claim. The jury found for APS, and the district court entered judgment on the verdict. On appeal, Burford raises three issues. First, he claims that the trial court erred by supposedly allowing APS to change the legal theory for its defense in violation of the “mend‐the‐ hold” doctrine in Illinois law. Second, Burford argues that the district court abused its discretion by denying admission of an exhibit. Third, he claims that the jury’s verdict was con‐ trary to the weight of the evidence on whether APS waived its right to enforce the minimum sales requirement. II. Analysis “Mend the Hold” Burford’s first argument on appeal is that APS should not have been allowed to assert its defense that it terminated Bur‐ ford’s contract for good cause since he had missed his mini‐ mum sales requirements for several years. Burford’s theory is a variation of the “mend‐the‐hold” doctrine in Illinois law. That doctrine, which takes its name from a nineteenth‐cen‐ tury wrestling phrase, is less a set of rules than a flexible con‐ cept of equity. It prevents one party to litigation, especially in 4 No. 16‐1871

contract disputes, from trying to change its position or theo‐ ries at such a late stage in the dispute as to cause unfair prej‐ udice to the opposing party. See Harbor Ins. Co. v. Continental Bank Corp., 922 F.2d 357, 362 (7th Cir. 1990) (“[W]here a party gives a reason for his conduct and decision touching any thing involved in a controversy, he cannot, after litigation has be‐ gun, change his ground, and put his conduct upon another and a different consideration. He is not permitted thus to mend his hold.”), quoting Ohio & Mississippi Railway Co. v. McCarthy, 96 U.S. 258, 267–68 (1877); see also Ryerson Inc. v. Federal Ins. Co., 676 F.3d 610, 614 (7th Cir. 2012) (collecting cases); Horwitz‐Matthews, Inc. v. City of Chicago, 78 F.3d 1248, 1251 (7th Cir. 1996); FHP Tectonics Corp. v. American Home As‐ surance Co., 57 N.E.3d 575, 587–88 (Ill. App. 2016) (declining to apply doctrine in absence of unfair surprise or arbitrari‐ ness). The doctrine seems to correlate fairly closely to federal courts’ approach to efforts to amend pleadings under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15. The doctrine also lies close to the boundary between matters of substance and procedure for purposes of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins. See Harbor Insurance, 922 F.2d at 363–65. Whatever the scope of the mend‐the‐hold doctrine, and whether it is procedural or substantive, it does not help Bur‐ ford in this case. From its earliest discovery responses, APS advanced two central arguments in defense: first, it termi‐ nated Burford’s contract for good cause because he failed to meet his minimum yearly sales volume, and second, the agreement was terminable at will. Dkt. No. 129, Ex. 1 at 4 (re‐ sponse to interrogatories). Burford bases his mend‐the‐hold argument on the strat‐ egy APS pursued, but that strategy was perfectly reasonable No. 16‐1871 5

and not unfair in any way to Burford. It is easy to imagine that a motion for summary judgment based on Burford’s failure to meet his sales volume requirements could quickly bog down in disputes about accounting, waiver, and competing equities. APS chose instead to move for summary judgment on the nar‐ row ground that its contract with Burford was terminable at will. There was nothing unfair or unsound about that strate‐ gic choice, and the district court granted summary judgment for APS on that basis. We reversed in the earlier appeal, hold‐ ing that the contract was not terminable at will. Burford, 786 F.3d at 588. It is not unusual or unfair for a defendant who believes he has a solid legal defense to assert that defense first in a Rule 12(b)(6) motion or summary judgment motion in the hope of winning an early and relatively inexpensive victory. Filing ei‐ ther sort of motion simply does not waive other defenses that may be available to that party.

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Related

Railway Co. v. McCarthy
96 U.S. 258 (Supreme Court, 1878)
Ryerson Inc. v. Federal Insurance
676 F.3d 610 (Seventh Circuit, 2012)
Horwitz-Matthews, Incorporated v. City of Chicago
78 F.3d 1248 (Seventh Circuit, 1996)
Wald v. Chicago Shippers Ass'n
529 N.E.2d 1138 (Appellate Court of Illinois, 1988)
Clifton Morgan v. City of Chicago
822 F.3d 317 (Seventh Circuit, 2016)
Burford v. Accounting Practice Sales, Inc.
786 F.3d 582 (Seventh Circuit, 2015)
Harbor Insurance v. Continental Bank Corp.
922 F.2d 357 (Seventh Circuit, 1990)

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