NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0602-17T4
ESTATE OF TERRI N. FASANO ex rel. ROBERT FASANO, n/k/a TERRI N. FASANO,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
GAIL FASANO,
Defendant-Appellant. ______________________________
Argued October 31, 2018 – Decided September 11, 2019
Before Judges Fuentes, Accurso and Moynihan.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Morris County, Docket No. FM-14-1380-06.
Toni Belford Damiano argued the cause for appellant (Damiano Law Offices, attorneys; James Belford Damiano and Toni Belford Damiano, on the brief).
Kelsey Dru Mulholland argued the cause for respondent (Ruvolo Law Group, LLC, attorneys; Kelsey Dru Mulholland, of counsel and on the brief). PER CURIAM
Defendant Gail Fasano and the late Terri N. Fasano, f/k/a Robert Fasano,1
were married on December 6, 1970 until their marriage was formally dissolved
by the Family Part in a Judgment of Divorce (JOD) dated May 23, 2007. The
parties had three children who were all emancipated at the time the court entered
the JOD. The parties entered into a Property Settlement Agreement (PSA)
which addressed and resolved all of the issues associated with the dissolution of
the marriage. The court incorporated the PSA into the JOD.
Terri N. Fasano 2 died on April 27, 2017. At the time of her death, Terri
was married to Diann Castiaux, who became the executrix of Terri's estate and
the beneficiary of a life insurance policy in the amount of $306,000. On July
21, 2017, defendant filed an ex parte application and order to show cause
(OTSC) in the Chancery Division, Family Part, to temporarily restrain plaintiff's
estate from: (1) alienating, hypothecating, or in any way limiting in value any
1 Defendant filed a certification dated July 21, 2017 in the Family Part in which she averred that while the divorce proceedings were pending before the Family Part, decedent transitioned from male to female "and became known as Terri Nicole Fasano." 2 Because defendant's last name is also Fasano, we will at times refer to Terri N. Fasano as "Terri" or "decedent." We do this in the interest of clarity. We do not mean to imply any disrespect. A-0602-17T4 2 of the assets of the decedent's Estate; (2) imposing a constructive trust over the
assets of the Estate in the amount of "at least $240,000" based on decedent's
failure to maintain a life insurance policy naming defendant as beneficiary; and
(3) preserving any claims that may be transferred for adjudication before the
General Equity Part.
On July 25, 2017, the Family Part granted defendant's ex parte OTSC and
temporarily enjoined decedent's Estate accordingly. The judge also ordered the
Estate's representative to appear before the Family Part on August 18, 2017, and
show cause why the Estate should not be held responsible for violating
defendant's rights under the PSA based on decedent's "willful failure" to
maintain a life insurance policy "as provided in the Final Judgment of Divorce
dated May 23, 2007." The OTSC contained a final handwritten provision
permitting the parties' attorneys to request a telephone conference with the court
"promptly following the service of this order upon plaintiff[.]"
On August 18, 2017, the Family Part judge heard oral argument from
counsel and reserved decision. In an order dated August 28, 2017, accompanied
by a Statement of Reasons, the court granted defendant's request to hold the
Estate "responsible" for decedent's "willful violation of litigant's rights for her
willful failure to have maintained a life insurance policy of at least $240,000
A-0602-17T4 3 with defendant as beneficiary as provided in the [JOD.]" However, the court
denied defendant's requests: (1) to restrain the Estate or its designees from
disposing of the assets of the Estate or otherwise diminishing its value; (2) to
require the parties to preserve any claims for adjudication before the General
Equity Part; and/or (3) to impose a $240,000 constructive trust on the Estate.
The judge granted defendant's application for the Estate to pay the counsel fees
she incurred related to the emergent application for the OTSC.
The judge directed the executrix of the Estate to pay defendant $9000 from
the proceeds of decedent's $306,000 life insurance policy, within fourteen days
of the date of the order and, conversely, denied the executrix's request to reduce
that figure to $6000. Finally, the judge denied the executrix's request to compel
defendant to pay counsel fees incurred by the Estate in defense of this action.
Against this backdrop, defendant now appeals arguing the Family Part
misconstrued the PSA and misapplied the holding and reasoning in Konczyk v.
Konczyk, 367 N.J. Super. 551, 561 (Ch. Div. 2003), aff'd o.b., 367 N.J. Super.
512 (2004), when it denied her application to enforce the provision that required
decedent to maintain a life insurance policy for at least $240,000 naming her as
the sole beneficiary. In response, the Estate argues the Family Part's decision
properly balanced settled principles of contract law with the equitable
A-0602-17T4 4 considerations this court endorsed in Konczyk to reach a fair, legally correct
outcome.
After a careful review of the record before us, we are satisfied the Family
Part misconstrued the nature of the legal controversy in this case and
consequently reached a legally incorrect conclusion. We are thus compelled to
reverse the court's ruling and remand the matter for the court to make specific
factual findings and thereafter fashion an appropriate remedy consistent with the
parties' intent as reflected in the PSA.
I
Under Article II, Section 2.3 of the PSA, the husband agreed to pay the
wife $3000 per month commencing on June 1, 2007, and alimony would
terminate "only upon the death of either party, the remarriage of [the wife], or
[the wife's] cohabitation with an unrelated adult male in a relationship
tantamount to marriage." Section 2.10 addressed the effect the husband's
retirement would have on the wife's entitlement to receive alimony as described
in Section 2.3:
The parties agree that even if [h]usband retires before age 63 1/2, the alimony to be paid by [h]usband to [w]ife shall not be modifiable under any circumstances, except for circumstances beyond [h]usband's control. However, if [h]usband retires at age 63 1/2, and has no other income whatsoever except for 1/2 [h]usband's
A-0602-17T4 5 pension, [h]usband's 401(k), and [h]usband's Social Security benefits, alimony shall be reduced to $18,000.00 per year until [h]usband reaches age 65. When [h]usband reaches age 65 years, and has no other income whatsoever except for 1/2 [h]usband's pension, [h]usband's 401(k), and [h]usband's Social Security benefits, alimony shall terminate.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION WITHOUT THE APPROVAL OF THE APPELLATE DIVISION This opinion shall not "constitute precedent or be binding upon any court." Although it is posted on the internet, this opinion is binding only on the parties in the case and its use in other cases is limited. R. 1:36-3.
SUPERIOR COURT OF NEW JERSEY APPELLATE DIVISION DOCKET NO. A-0602-17T4
ESTATE OF TERRI N. FASANO ex rel. ROBERT FASANO, n/k/a TERRI N. FASANO,
Plaintiff-Respondent,
v.
GAIL FASANO,
Defendant-Appellant. ______________________________
Argued October 31, 2018 – Decided September 11, 2019
Before Judges Fuentes, Accurso and Moynihan.
On appeal from the Superior Court of New Jersey, Chancery Division, Family Part, Morris County, Docket No. FM-14-1380-06.
Toni Belford Damiano argued the cause for appellant (Damiano Law Offices, attorneys; James Belford Damiano and Toni Belford Damiano, on the brief).
Kelsey Dru Mulholland argued the cause for respondent (Ruvolo Law Group, LLC, attorneys; Kelsey Dru Mulholland, of counsel and on the brief). PER CURIAM
Defendant Gail Fasano and the late Terri N. Fasano, f/k/a Robert Fasano,1
were married on December 6, 1970 until their marriage was formally dissolved
by the Family Part in a Judgment of Divorce (JOD) dated May 23, 2007. The
parties had three children who were all emancipated at the time the court entered
the JOD. The parties entered into a Property Settlement Agreement (PSA)
which addressed and resolved all of the issues associated with the dissolution of
the marriage. The court incorporated the PSA into the JOD.
Terri N. Fasano 2 died on April 27, 2017. At the time of her death, Terri
was married to Diann Castiaux, who became the executrix of Terri's estate and
the beneficiary of a life insurance policy in the amount of $306,000. On July
21, 2017, defendant filed an ex parte application and order to show cause
(OTSC) in the Chancery Division, Family Part, to temporarily restrain plaintiff's
estate from: (1) alienating, hypothecating, or in any way limiting in value any
1 Defendant filed a certification dated July 21, 2017 in the Family Part in which she averred that while the divorce proceedings were pending before the Family Part, decedent transitioned from male to female "and became known as Terri Nicole Fasano." 2 Because defendant's last name is also Fasano, we will at times refer to Terri N. Fasano as "Terri" or "decedent." We do this in the interest of clarity. We do not mean to imply any disrespect. A-0602-17T4 2 of the assets of the decedent's Estate; (2) imposing a constructive trust over the
assets of the Estate in the amount of "at least $240,000" based on decedent's
failure to maintain a life insurance policy naming defendant as beneficiary; and
(3) preserving any claims that may be transferred for adjudication before the
General Equity Part.
On July 25, 2017, the Family Part granted defendant's ex parte OTSC and
temporarily enjoined decedent's Estate accordingly. The judge also ordered the
Estate's representative to appear before the Family Part on August 18, 2017, and
show cause why the Estate should not be held responsible for violating
defendant's rights under the PSA based on decedent's "willful failure" to
maintain a life insurance policy "as provided in the Final Judgment of Divorce
dated May 23, 2007." The OTSC contained a final handwritten provision
permitting the parties' attorneys to request a telephone conference with the court
"promptly following the service of this order upon plaintiff[.]"
On August 18, 2017, the Family Part judge heard oral argument from
counsel and reserved decision. In an order dated August 28, 2017, accompanied
by a Statement of Reasons, the court granted defendant's request to hold the
Estate "responsible" for decedent's "willful violation of litigant's rights for her
willful failure to have maintained a life insurance policy of at least $240,000
A-0602-17T4 3 with defendant as beneficiary as provided in the [JOD.]" However, the court
denied defendant's requests: (1) to restrain the Estate or its designees from
disposing of the assets of the Estate or otherwise diminishing its value; (2) to
require the parties to preserve any claims for adjudication before the General
Equity Part; and/or (3) to impose a $240,000 constructive trust on the Estate.
The judge granted defendant's application for the Estate to pay the counsel fees
she incurred related to the emergent application for the OTSC.
The judge directed the executrix of the Estate to pay defendant $9000 from
the proceeds of decedent's $306,000 life insurance policy, within fourteen days
of the date of the order and, conversely, denied the executrix's request to reduce
that figure to $6000. Finally, the judge denied the executrix's request to compel
defendant to pay counsel fees incurred by the Estate in defense of this action.
Against this backdrop, defendant now appeals arguing the Family Part
misconstrued the PSA and misapplied the holding and reasoning in Konczyk v.
Konczyk, 367 N.J. Super. 551, 561 (Ch. Div. 2003), aff'd o.b., 367 N.J. Super.
512 (2004), when it denied her application to enforce the provision that required
decedent to maintain a life insurance policy for at least $240,000 naming her as
the sole beneficiary. In response, the Estate argues the Family Part's decision
properly balanced settled principles of contract law with the equitable
A-0602-17T4 4 considerations this court endorsed in Konczyk to reach a fair, legally correct
outcome.
After a careful review of the record before us, we are satisfied the Family
Part misconstrued the nature of the legal controversy in this case and
consequently reached a legally incorrect conclusion. We are thus compelled to
reverse the court's ruling and remand the matter for the court to make specific
factual findings and thereafter fashion an appropriate remedy consistent with the
parties' intent as reflected in the PSA.
I
Under Article II, Section 2.3 of the PSA, the husband agreed to pay the
wife $3000 per month commencing on June 1, 2007, and alimony would
terminate "only upon the death of either party, the remarriage of [the wife], or
[the wife's] cohabitation with an unrelated adult male in a relationship
tantamount to marriage." Section 2.10 addressed the effect the husband's
retirement would have on the wife's entitlement to receive alimony as described
in Section 2.3:
The parties agree that even if [h]usband retires before age 63 1/2, the alimony to be paid by [h]usband to [w]ife shall not be modifiable under any circumstances, except for circumstances beyond [h]usband's control. However, if [h]usband retires at age 63 1/2, and has no other income whatsoever except for 1/2 [h]usband's
A-0602-17T4 5 pension, [h]usband's 401(k), and [h]usband's Social Security benefits, alimony shall be reduced to $18,000.00 per year until [h]usband reaches age 65. When [h]usband reaches age 65 years, and has no other income whatsoever except for 1/2 [h]usband's pension, [h]usband's 401(k), and [h]usband's Social Security benefits, alimony shall terminate.
The above reduction to $18,000.00 upon [h]usband's retirement at age 63 1/2 and the termination of alimony if [h]usband retires at age 65 is based exclusively on [w]ife receiving one-half of [h]usband's pension benefit as of the date of [its] distribution to [h]usband. More specifically, [w]ife is to receive the exact same amount of [h]usband's pension benefit each month as that received by [h]usband.
The parties addressed the equitable distribution of the marital estate in
Article III of the PSA. Under Section 3.4, the parties agreed to divide the
husband's employment pension plan "equally, including but not limited to any
passive or active accretion in value through the date of distribution by way of a
QDRO." To ensure defendant would not lose this income stream in the event
the husband died before the plan began to distribute pension benefits, Section
3.4 included the following language:
The parties acknowledge and agree that it is their intention that [w]ife be the named beneficiary on all the survivor benefits available through [h]usband's pension in the event [h]usband shall die prior to the pension being in pay-out status, and they shall so direct the plan administrator to carry out this intention. Wife receiving [h]usband's survivor benefit is in consideration for
A-0602-17T4 6 [h]usband only having to provide $240,000 in life insurance on his life with [w]ife as the sole beneficiary. The parties shall equally share the cost of preparation of a Q.D.R.O. through a mutually agreed upon professional.
[(Emphasis added).]
Terri married Diann Castiaux sometime after her divorce from defendant
became final on May 23, 2007. By the time Terri reached the age of sixty-five
in November 2013, she had been paying defendant $3000 alimony on a monthly
basis for six years. The record shows Terri emailed her matrimonial attorney to
determine whether she could remove defendant as a beneficiary of the life
insurance policy. The attorney responded that under Section 4.1 of the PSA,
Terri's obligation to support defendant "ceases at your turning age 65 (because
she can collect on her half of the pension) you don't have to maintain the policy
at that point."
Acting on counsel's advice, Terri sent an email on December 1, 2016,
directing the benefits administrator of her employer to begin the process
"towards retiring as of 6/30/17 with pension benefits to begin 7/1/17." She made
clear that her pension "was subject to a QDRO" and that she intended to have
"100% Joint & Survivor Annuity" to her current spouse who was then sixty-nine
years old. Unfortunately, Terri was unable to realize her plans. In December
A-0602-17T4 7 2016, she suffered a debilitating stroke that prevented her from ever returning
to work. Her employer placed her on disability coverage that was set to expire
on June 4, 2017. Terri died on April 27, 2017, at age sixty-eight without
receiving the documentation required to finalize her retirement. Her employer
sent her surviving spouse compensation for five unused vacation days from
2016.
II
In this cause of action, defendant sought to protect her rights to receive
fifty percent of decedent's pension benefits under the QDRO the parties executed
pursuant Article III, Section 3.4 of the PSA. Terri's pension is a marital asset
subject to equitable distribution; payments received from the distribution of this
asset are not alimony. Innes v. Innes, 117 N.J. 496, 514 (1990). Unfortunately,
both the parties and the Family Part judge erroneously characterized defendant's
claim as based on her right to receive alimony. This threshold
mischaracterization of the legal issue involved in this case misdirected the
court's analysis and ultimately led to a legally untenable outcome.
Under Section 3.4 of the PSA, Terri was obligated to maintain a $240,000
life insurance policy naming defendant as a beneficiary, to protect defendant's
right to receive her fifty percent share of the pension benefits. In her December
A-0602-17T4 8 1, 2016 email, Terri informed the pension Benefits Administration that she
wanted "to start the process towards retiring as of 6/30/17 with pension benefits
to begin 7/1/17." She also reminded the recipient of the email that her pension
"is subject to a QDRO based on a divorce."
The response email from the Benefits Administration dated December 5,
2016, acknowledged the feasibility of Terri's desire to start receiving pension
benefits on July 1, 2017. With respect to defendant's share of the pension
benefits, the Pension Administration stated: "Also, the QDRO will be offset
from your benefit based on the terms of the document." We know Terri died on
April 27, 2017. Based on this record, we do not know whether Terri's death
negatively affected defendant's rights to receive her share of the pension benefits
under the QDRO. Inexplicably, the parties did not address this issue in their
appellate briefs and appellate counsel were unable to shed light on the matter
when we raised this question at oral argument.
The trial judge concluded Terri willfully violated defendant's litigant's
rights when she failed to maintain the $240,000 life insurance policy naming
defendant as the beneficiary. The judge reached this conclusion based on the
erroneous premise that this insurance policy was intended to secure the payment
of alimony. Relying on Judge Suter's opinion in Konczyk, which involved a life
A-0602-17T4 9 insurance policy to secure the payment of alimony, 367 N.J. Super. at 554, the
judge found defendant was entitled to receive $9000 alimony payments
"representing the amount of alimony she would have received before plaintiff's
retirement, had she lived[.]" The judge ordered the Estate to pay this alimony
award from the $306,000 life insurance proceeds. However, defendant's right
to receive alimony is based on Article II, Section 2.3 of the PSA, which states
that alimony "shall be subject to termination . . . upon the death of either
party[.]" Defendant was not entitled to receive the $9000 of alimony ordered by
the court.
We are thus compelled to reverse the trial court's order and remand this
matter for the court to determine what affect Terri's death had on defendant's
right to receive her fifty percent distribution of the pension benefits as provided
in the QDRO. If defendant is receiving her share of the pension benefits
consistent with the QDRO, she is not entitled to receive any part of the proceeds
of Terri's life insurance policy that named Castiaux as beneficiary. If Terri's
death negatively affected defendant's pension benefits under the QDRO, the
court must make specific findings, supported by competent evidence on the
record, describing with particularity the nature and extent of any reduction in
A-0602-17T4 10 benefits. The judge thereafter must fashion an appropriate remedy consistent
with and guided by the parties' intent as reflected in the PSA.
Reversed and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.
A-0602-17T4 11