NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 6 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
ESTATE OF KENNETH DALE No. 23-3090 SUMNER; KERRI SUMNER, guardian ad D.C. No. litem individually and as successors-in- 2:22-cv-01638-JAM-DB interest to Kenneth Dale Sumner; D. S. A., a minor, by and through her gaurdian ad litem, Kerri Sumner, MEMORANDUM*
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
v.
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION; DAVID AGUILAR; HUNTER DUNCAN; LEONARDO HERNANDEZ; ANTHONY LUNA; ISAAC SALCEDO; ANTHONY VELASQUEZ,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted October 24, 2024 San Francisco, California
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Before: S.R. THOMAS, WARDLAW, and COLLINS, Circuit Judges.
The Estate, mother, and minor daughter of Kenneth Dale Sumner
(collectively, “Plaintiffs”) appeal the district court’s dismissal of its second
amended complaint (“SAC”) against Officers Hunter Duncan, David Aguilar,
Leonardo Hernandez, Anthony Luna, Anthony Velazquez, and Sergeant Isaac
Salcedo (collectively, “Defendant officers”) and denial of their motion for leave to
amend.1 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm in part and
reverse in part.
1. We review de novo a district court’s dismissal for failure to state a
claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6). Starz Ent., LLC v. MGM Domestic Television
Distrib., LLC, 39 F.4th 1236, 1239 (9th Cir. 2022). As to Plaintiffs’ excessive
force claim, the SAC alleges that the Defendant officers “knowingly and
intentionally employed force that was harmful, unwanted, and excessive, and was
employed with the intent of causing pain to Plaintiff for a purpose unrelated to any
legitimate objective.” The SAC alleges that officers caused the stellate lacerations
on Sumner’s forehead that were “consistent with a boot[]stomp.” The SAC alleges
that the Defendant officers were responsible for these stellate lacerations because
inmates do not have access to boots and no contraband boots were found in
1 Plaintiffs do not challenge, on appeal, the dismissal of its claims against the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.
2 23-3090 Sumner’s shared cell following the incident. But the SAC fails to allege how the
force was applied, when the alleged boot stomp took place, or whom, out of the six
Defendant officers, was responsible for the alleged boot stomp giving rise to the
excessive force claim. Nor does it allege “factual content that allows the court to
draw the reasonable inference” that a boot stomp, rather than some other blunt
trauma, caused the stellate lacerations. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678
(2009). Thus, the SAC fails to demonstrate “more than a sheer possibility that a
defendant has acted unlawfully.” Id.
As to the Plaintiffs’ failure to protect claim, the SAC fails to allege facts that
would plausibly show that Defendant officers were deliberately indifferent to a
substantial risk of serious harm to Sumner when they placed him in a cell with
Okalani Latu, “a notoriously violent and unrepentant inmate.”2 The SAC does not
present any allegations as to Defendant officers’ knowledge of Latu’s violence
while incarcerated or allege facts supporting the claim that the officers deliberately
disregarded a risk to Sumner’s safety. Instead, the SAC conclusorily alleges that it
was “known” that Latu was incarcerated for shooting his close friend and that the
2 The SAC also alleges that Defendant officers failed to “conduct routine cell- checks” and that their failure to do so “demonstrated their deliberate and obvious indifference to Mr. Sumner’s serious safety needs.” But Plaintiffs’ broad allegation that Defendant officers failed to conduct “routine cell-checks” is devoid of any factual detail that would permit us to draw an inference of deliberate indifference.
3 23-3090 Defendant officers “knew about and disregarded the substantial safety risk Mr.
Sumner faced while allegedly locked in the same cell as Mr. Latu.” Nor do
Plaintiffs allege facts supporting that the Defendant officers were aware of any
existing animosity between Latu and Sumner, or that they should have known that
Latu posed a specific threat to Sumner to which they were deliberately indifferent.
Cf. Hearns v. Terhune, 413 F.3d 1036, 1041–42 (9th Cir. 2005) (finding that there
was sufficient evidence supporting that defendant officers acted with deliberate
indifference to an inmate’s safety where the plaintiff-inmate alleged that there was
a history of conflict between a group of inmates; that a subgroup of those inmates
had previously attacked him; that the defendant officers knew of both the conflict
and the prior attack; and that the defendant officers did nothing to prevent a second
attack from the same individuals). Thus, on both claims, the SAC does not
“contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face,” and therefore was properly dismissed. Khoja v. Orexigen
Therapeutics, Inc., 899 F.3d 988, 1008 (9th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted).
2. Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)(2), district courts
“should freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires. Leave to amend
may be denied if the proposed amendment is futile or would be subject to
dismissal.” Wheeler v. City of Santa Clara, 894 F.3d 1046, 1059 (9th Cir. 2018).
An amendment is futile when it is clear that the plaintiff cannot plead additional
4 23-3090 facts that would be sufficient to satisfy Iqbal’s pleading standards. See Sylvia
Landfield Tr. v. City of Los Angeles, 729 F.3d 1189, 1196 (9th Cir. 2013). We
review the denial of leave to amend for an abuse of discretion, but we review the
futility of amendment de novo. Cohen v. ConAgra Brands, Inc., 16 F.4th 1283,
1287 (9th Cir. 2021).
The district court erred by dismissing the SAC without leave to amend
because further amendment could potentially “save” the complaint. Armstrong v.
Reynolds, 22 F.4th 1058, 1071 (9th Cir. 2022). Generally, plaintiffs should be
granted leave to amend their complaints “unless it is clear, upon de novo review,
that the complaint could not be saved by any amendment.” Sonoma Cnty. Ass’n of
Retired Emps. v. Sonoma County, 708 F.3d 1109, 1118 (9th Cir.
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NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 6 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
ESTATE OF KENNETH DALE No. 23-3090 SUMNER; KERRI SUMNER, guardian ad D.C. No. litem individually and as successors-in- 2:22-cv-01638-JAM-DB interest to Kenneth Dale Sumner; D. S. A., a minor, by and through her gaurdian ad litem, Kerri Sumner, MEMORANDUM*
Plaintiffs - Appellants,
v.
CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS AND REHABILITATION; DAVID AGUILAR; HUNTER DUNCAN; LEONARDO HERNANDEZ; ANTHONY LUNA; ISAAC SALCEDO; ANTHONY VELASQUEZ,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California John A. Mendez, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted October 24, 2024 San Francisco, California
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Before: S.R. THOMAS, WARDLAW, and COLLINS, Circuit Judges.
The Estate, mother, and minor daughter of Kenneth Dale Sumner
(collectively, “Plaintiffs”) appeal the district court’s dismissal of its second
amended complaint (“SAC”) against Officers Hunter Duncan, David Aguilar,
Leonardo Hernandez, Anthony Luna, Anthony Velazquez, and Sergeant Isaac
Salcedo (collectively, “Defendant officers”) and denial of their motion for leave to
amend.1 We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm in part and
reverse in part.
1. We review de novo a district court’s dismissal for failure to state a
claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6). Starz Ent., LLC v. MGM Domestic Television
Distrib., LLC, 39 F.4th 1236, 1239 (9th Cir. 2022). As to Plaintiffs’ excessive
force claim, the SAC alleges that the Defendant officers “knowingly and
intentionally employed force that was harmful, unwanted, and excessive, and was
employed with the intent of causing pain to Plaintiff for a purpose unrelated to any
legitimate objective.” The SAC alleges that officers caused the stellate lacerations
on Sumner’s forehead that were “consistent with a boot[]stomp.” The SAC alleges
that the Defendant officers were responsible for these stellate lacerations because
inmates do not have access to boots and no contraband boots were found in
1 Plaintiffs do not challenge, on appeal, the dismissal of its claims against the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.
2 23-3090 Sumner’s shared cell following the incident. But the SAC fails to allege how the
force was applied, when the alleged boot stomp took place, or whom, out of the six
Defendant officers, was responsible for the alleged boot stomp giving rise to the
excessive force claim. Nor does it allege “factual content that allows the court to
draw the reasonable inference” that a boot stomp, rather than some other blunt
trauma, caused the stellate lacerations. Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678
(2009). Thus, the SAC fails to demonstrate “more than a sheer possibility that a
defendant has acted unlawfully.” Id.
As to the Plaintiffs’ failure to protect claim, the SAC fails to allege facts that
would plausibly show that Defendant officers were deliberately indifferent to a
substantial risk of serious harm to Sumner when they placed him in a cell with
Okalani Latu, “a notoriously violent and unrepentant inmate.”2 The SAC does not
present any allegations as to Defendant officers’ knowledge of Latu’s violence
while incarcerated or allege facts supporting the claim that the officers deliberately
disregarded a risk to Sumner’s safety. Instead, the SAC conclusorily alleges that it
was “known” that Latu was incarcerated for shooting his close friend and that the
2 The SAC also alleges that Defendant officers failed to “conduct routine cell- checks” and that their failure to do so “demonstrated their deliberate and obvious indifference to Mr. Sumner’s serious safety needs.” But Plaintiffs’ broad allegation that Defendant officers failed to conduct “routine cell-checks” is devoid of any factual detail that would permit us to draw an inference of deliberate indifference.
3 23-3090 Defendant officers “knew about and disregarded the substantial safety risk Mr.
Sumner faced while allegedly locked in the same cell as Mr. Latu.” Nor do
Plaintiffs allege facts supporting that the Defendant officers were aware of any
existing animosity between Latu and Sumner, or that they should have known that
Latu posed a specific threat to Sumner to which they were deliberately indifferent.
Cf. Hearns v. Terhune, 413 F.3d 1036, 1041–42 (9th Cir. 2005) (finding that there
was sufficient evidence supporting that defendant officers acted with deliberate
indifference to an inmate’s safety where the plaintiff-inmate alleged that there was
a history of conflict between a group of inmates; that a subgroup of those inmates
had previously attacked him; that the defendant officers knew of both the conflict
and the prior attack; and that the defendant officers did nothing to prevent a second
attack from the same individuals). Thus, on both claims, the SAC does not
“contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to state a claim to relief that is
plausible on its face,” and therefore was properly dismissed. Khoja v. Orexigen
Therapeutics, Inc., 899 F.3d 988, 1008 (9th Cir. 2018) (citation omitted).
2. Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a)(2), district courts
“should freely give leave [to amend] when justice so requires. Leave to amend
may be denied if the proposed amendment is futile or would be subject to
dismissal.” Wheeler v. City of Santa Clara, 894 F.3d 1046, 1059 (9th Cir. 2018).
An amendment is futile when it is clear that the plaintiff cannot plead additional
4 23-3090 facts that would be sufficient to satisfy Iqbal’s pleading standards. See Sylvia
Landfield Tr. v. City of Los Angeles, 729 F.3d 1189, 1196 (9th Cir. 2013). We
review the denial of leave to amend for an abuse of discretion, but we review the
futility of amendment de novo. Cohen v. ConAgra Brands, Inc., 16 F.4th 1283,
1287 (9th Cir. 2021).
The district court erred by dismissing the SAC without leave to amend
because further amendment could potentially “save” the complaint. Armstrong v.
Reynolds, 22 F.4th 1058, 1071 (9th Cir. 2022). Generally, plaintiffs should be
granted leave to amend their complaints “unless it is clear, upon de novo review,
that the complaint could not be saved by any amendment.” Sonoma Cnty. Ass’n of
Retired Emps. v. Sonoma County, 708 F.3d 1109, 1118 (9th Cir. 2013) (quoting
Polich v. Burlington Northern, Inc., 942 F.2d 1467, 1472 (9th Cir. 1991)). Here,
the district court twice specifically noted that Plaintiffs’ opposition to the motion to
dismiss contained additional factual contentions that were not in the SAC, but the
court failed to consider whether such contentions, if added in an amended
complaint, could suffice to state a claim. First, although noting that the opposition
asserted that Sumner “died from the injuries sustained by a horrific boot[]stomp
according to medical records,” the court simply noted that the SAC did not contain
such allegations and then dismissed the claim without considering whether leave to
amend to add such allegations (including attaching the medical records) would
5 23-3090 save the claim. Second, Plaintiffs’ opposition asserted, in relation to its failure to
protect claim, that “it is unreasonable to believe that all the other Defendant
officers (who were all in closer proximity to Mr. Sumner than Officer Duncan)
failed to hear any noises until Officer Duncan activated the alarm system,” and that
the responding officers therefore “made a conscious choice to disregard
[Sumner’s] cries for help until the alarm system was supposedly activated.”
Again, the district court rejected this argument, solely on the ground that “the SAC
does not allege that the responding officers were in close proximity to Sumner’s
cell.” Thus, despite identifying specific proffered allegations that might
conceivably save these claims, the district court nonetheless refused to consider
them and proceeded to deny leave to amend. By refusing to consider the potential
viability of an amended complaint that would draw upon these additional proffered
contentions in an effort to cure the deficiencies that the court identified in its
order—which was its first substantive ruling on the adequacy of the complaint—
the court abused its discretion in denying leave to amend. See Khachatryan v.
Blinken, 4 F.4th 841, 845 n.1 (9th Cir. 2020) (holding that additional factual
contentions made in “materials submitted” in opposition to a motion to dismiss are
properly considered as “additional matters that Plaintiffs could plead if they were
given leave to amend”).
6 23-3090 AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED.3
3 The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal.
7 23-3090