Espute v. State

85 So. 3d 532, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 5574, 2012 WL 1192154
CourtDistrict Court of Appeal of Florida
DecidedApril 11, 2012
DocketNo. 4D11-422
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 85 So. 3d 532 (Espute v. State) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court of Appeal of Florida primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Espute v. State, 85 So. 3d 532, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 5574, 2012 WL 1192154 (Fla. Ct. App. 2012).

Opinion

En Banc

WARNER, J.

In this appeal from his conviction of aggravated battery and battery, appellant/defendant claims that the prosecutor made an improper comment on defendant’s right to remain silent. When the defendant objected at trial, the court sustained the defense objection and gave a curative instruction to the jury, but the court denied a motion for mistrial. Although this court has in the past occasionally applied a harmless error standard of review to simi[534]*534lar claims, we recognize that the abuse of discretion standard of review for the denial of a motion for mistrial remains the proper standard to apply to this circumstance, as enunciated by our supreme court. Based upon the proper standard of review, we affirm appellant’s conviction. We consider this case en banc to recede from those decisions which relied on the harmless error standard to review the denial of motions for mistrial.

The state charged the defendant with aggravated battery on a pregnant woman (L.F.) with a deadly weapon and one count of aggravated battery against S.S., a minor, with a deadly weapon, arising out of a fight. The defendant and L.F. were involved in a relationship. S.S. is the sister of the defendant, but had become very close to L.F. Although the couple broke off the relationship, after a later sexual encounter, L.F. became pregnant with defendant’s child.

One day after a doctor’s appointment, L.F. came by defendant’s parent’s house to see S.S. and share with her information on the pregnancy. Defendant came in and appeared uninterested in the due date of his child. Instead, he appeared “as though he was preparing to ... beat [her] up.” He asked where her cell phone was, and when L.F. couldn’t produce it, he began to beat up both L.F. and his sister, S.S. The fight was fairly intense, with pots and pans being thrown and even a vacuum cleaner being used as a weapon. Defendant also had a gun and hit both of the women with it. The fight went on for quite a while. Defendant eventually left, and the women called for help.

The state’s case focused primarily on the testimony of L.F. S.S. did not testify. Defendant testified in his own defense that at the time of the incident he was involved with a woman named Regina, whom he had arranged to meet at his parent’s home that day. When he arrived at the apartment, S.S., Regina, and L.F. were all arguing and “had seemed like they just got out of a fight.” He observed pots and the vacuum on the ground. He left with Regina, who had scratches and bumps. During cross-examination, the prosecutor questioned defendant on his version of what occurred and the involvement of Regina. He then asked, “And, isn’t it true, that you never told the police?” Defense counsel immediately objected and moved for a mistrial, based on the “comment on his right to remain silent.” The court sustained the objection, but denied the motion for mistrial. Defense counsel requested the court to instruct the jury to disregard the question. The court agreed and instructed the jury:

Members of the jury, you should disregard the last question, draw no inferences from it. If you wrote anything down in your notes about it, just cross it out.

Following the presentation of evidence and argument, the jury found defendant guilty of aggravated battery on a pregnant woman as charged and guilty of battery on S.S., a lesser included offense. Defendant was sentenced to seven years in prison on the felony aggravated battery and six months on the misdemeanor battery. He appeals the convictions.

On appeal, defendant contends that the court erred in denying the motion for mistrial. In this “he said/she said” trial, he claims that the prosecutor’s comment was not harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. This, however, is not the standard to be applied to the denial of a motion for mistrial. Instead, our supreme court has directed that the appellate court review a denial of a motion for mistrial by an abuse [535]*535of discretion standard, even where the issue is a comment on silence.

Most recently, in Bright v. State, — So.3d -, 2012 WL 224067 (Fla.2012), the supreme court reviewed a claim that a prosecutor improperly commented on the defendant’s silence in closing argument. Defense counsel did not object contemporaneously with the comment, but objected and moved for a mistrial at the close of the argument. Although the court held that the issue had not been properly preserved, it addressed the standard of review. First, it explained the necessity of an objection:

“The requirement of a contemporaneous objection is based on practical necessity and basic fairness in the operation of the judicial system. A contemporaneous objection places the trial judge on notice that an error may have been committed and thus, provides the opportunity to correct the error at an early stage of the proceedings.”

Id. at - (quoting Nixon v. State, 572 So.2d 1336, 1340-41 (Fla.1990)).

While the objection was untimely in Bright, the court still considered the merits in ruling on the motion for mistrial, but under an abuse of discretion standard:

Even if defense counsel had objected contemporaneously, the trial court never ruled upon that objection. Under such circumstances, we have explained that the standard of review on direct appeal is whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion for mistrial, not the harmless error standard which applies when an objection is overruled. See Poole v. State, 997 So.2d 382, 391 n. 3 (Fla.2008); Dessaure v. State, 891 So.2d 455, 465 n. 5 (Fla.2004). Accordingly, this issue is analyzed under an abuse of discretion standard.
A trial court should grant a motion for mistrial only when “the error upon which it rests is so prejudicial as to vitiate the entire trial, making a mistrial necessary to ensure that the defendant receives a fair trial.” Dessaure, 891 So.2d at 464-65.

Id. This is consistent with prior pronouncements of the court on the standard of review that “‘[t]he use of a harmless error analysis under State v. DiGuilio, 491 So.2d 1129 (Fla.1986), is not necessary where ‘the trial court recognized the error, sustained the objection and gave a curative instruction.’ Gore, 784 So.2d at 428. Instead, the correct appellate standard of review is abuse of discretion.’ ” Rivera v. State, 859 So.2d 495, 512 (Fla.2003) (quoting Smithers v. State, 826 So.2d 916, 930 (Fla.2002)).

We applied the abuse of discretion standard of review in Durrant v. State, 839 So.2d 821 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003), to a comment on a defendant’s failure to testify. Of the proper standard of review, we said:

[W]hen defense counsel objected to the comment, the court sustained the objection and gave a curative instruction to the jury to disregard the comment. The court then denied defense counsel’s subsequent motion for mistrial. Our standard for review of the denial of the motion for mistrial is whether the trial court abused its discretion. See Goodwin v. State, 751 So.2d 537, 546 (Fla.1999) (citations and footnote omitted). Thus, we must “determine whether the single improper remark, to which the trial court sustained an objection and gave a curative instruction, was so prejudicial as to deny defendant a fair trial.” Id. at 547 (citation omitted).

Id. at 824.

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Bluebook (online)
85 So. 3d 532, 2012 Fla. App. LEXIS 5574, 2012 WL 1192154, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/espute-v-state-fladistctapp-2012.